mysql 学习记录（二十六）--mysql数据库的备份与恢复
一、理论：
1.进行备份或恢复操作时考虑的因素：
a.备份的表的存储引擎，事务型与非事务型在处理数据一致性方面有所区别
b.确定使用全备份还是增量备份
c.可以采用复制的方式采用异地备份。
d.可以采用定期备份
e.确保mysql打开bin-log选项
f.经常做备份恢复测试以确保备份的有效性
2.备份工具：
a.mysqldump
3.完全恢复：
a.mysql -uroot -p*** dbname < bakfile
b.mysqlbinlog binlog-file | mysql -uroot -p***
4.基于时间点的恢复：
a.mysqlbinlog --start-date="2015-11-15 10:01:00" /var/log/mysql/bin.123 | mysql -uroot -p***
5.基于位置恢复：
a.mysqlbinlog --start-date="2015-09-20 9:55:00" --stop-date="2015-09-20 10:00:03" /var/log/mysql/bin.123 > /tmp/mysql_restore.sql
b.查出出错的前后：位置号
c.mysqlbinlog --stop-position="381031" /var/log/mysql/bin.123456 | mysql -uroot -p***
d.mysqlbinlog --start-position="381083" /var/log/mysql/bin.123456 | mysql -uroot -p***
6.物理备份和恢复（冷备份）：
a.备份操作：停止mysql服务，将数据文件和日志文件备份到备份目录
b.恢复操作：停止mysql服务，将操作系统级别恢复mysql数据文件，重启mysql服务，使用mysqlbinlog工具恢复自备份以来的所有binlog
7.物理备份和恢复（热备份）：
a.(第一种办法）：mysqlhotcopy自带热备份工具
b.mysqlhotcopy --help（可以看帮助）
c.（第二种办法）：手工锁表copy
d.flush tables for read;
e.innoDB存储引擎方法1---使用ibbackup
f.innoDB存储引擎方法2---使用innobackupex
8.表的导出
a.select * from tablename into outfile 'target_file' [option]
b.mysqldump -u username -T target_dir dbname tablename [option]
9.表的导入
a.LOAD DATA [local] INFILE 'filename' INTO TABLE tablename [option]
b.mysqlimport -u root -p *** [--LOCAL] dbname order_db.txt [option]
1.进行备份或恢复操作时考虑的因素：
a.备份的表的存储引擎，事务型与非事务型在处理数据一致性方面有所区别
b.确定使用全备份还是增量备份
c.可以采用复制的方式采用异地备份。
d.可以采用定期备份
e.确保mysql打开bin-log选项
f.经常做备份恢复测试以确保备份的有效性
2.备份工具：
a.mysqldump
3.完全恢复：
a.mysql -uroot -p*** dbname < bakfile
b.mysqlbinlog binlog-file | mysql -uroot -p***
4.基于时间点的恢复：
a.mysqlbinlog --start-date="2015-11-15 10:01:00" /var/log/mysql/bin.123 | mysql -uroot -p***
5.基于位置恢复：
a.mysqlbinlog --start-date="2015-09-20 9:55:00" --stop-date="2015-09-20 10:00:03" /var/log/mysql/bin.123 > /tmp/mysql_restore.sql
b.查出出错的前后：位置号
c.mysqlbinlog --stop-position="381031" /var/log/mysql/bin.123456 | mysql -uroot -p***
d.mysqlbinlog --start-position="381083" /var/log/mysql/bin.123456 | mysql -uroot -p***
6.物理备份和恢复（冷备份）：
a.备份操作：停止mysql服务，将数据文件和日志文件备份到备份目录
b.恢复操作：停止mysql服务，将操作系统级别恢复mysql数据文件，重启mysql服务，使用mysqlbinlog工具恢复自备份以来的所有binlog
7.物理备份和恢复（热备份）：
a.(第一种办法）：mysqlhotcopy自带热备份工具
b.mysqlhotcopy --help（可以看帮助）
c.（第二种办法）：手工锁表copy
d.flush tables for read;
e.innoDB存储引擎方法1---使用ibbackup
f.innoDB存储引擎方法2---使用innobackupex
8.表的导出
a.select * from tablename into outfile 'target_file' [option]
b.mysqldump -u username -T target_dir dbname tablename [option]
9.表的导入
a.LOAD DATA [local] INFILE 'filename' INTO TABLE tablename [option]
b.mysqlimport -u root -p *** [--LOCAL] dbname order_db.txt [option]
二、实践：
abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysqldump -uroot -p123 test > test.sql; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysqldump -uroot -p123 test t2 > t2.sql; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ more /tmp/emp.txt 1,z1 1,z2 1,z1 1,z2 3,z3 abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | | 5 | z5 | | 56 | z56 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:/usr/local/mysql/data$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;insert into emp values(5,'z5')"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | | 5 | z5 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | | 5 | z5 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;insert into emp values(5,'z5')"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | | 5 | z5 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;truncate emp;"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:45:31 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;insert into emp values(1,'t1')"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:46:02 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | t1 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:46:37 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;insert into emp values(3,'t3')"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:46:51 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | t1 | | 3 | t3 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:47:35 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;insert into emp values(53,'t53')"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | t1 | | 3 | t3 | | 53 | t53 | +------+------+ mysql> select * from payment limit 10; +------------+-------------+----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+---------------------+ | payment_id | customer_id | staff_id | rental_id | amount | payment_date | last_update | +------------+-------------+----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+---------------------+ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 76 | 2.99 | 2005-05-25 11:30:37 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | | 2 | 1 | 1 | 573 | 0.99 | 2005-05-28 10:35:23 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1185 | 5.99 | 2005-06-15 00:54:12 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1422 | 0.99 | 2005-06-15 18:02:53 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1476 | 9.99 | 2005-06-15 21:08:46 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1725 | 4.99 | 2005-06-16 15:18:57 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2308 | 4.99 | 2005-06-18 08:41:48 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2363 | 0.99 | 2005-06-18 13:33:59 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | | 9 | 1 | 1 | 3284 | 3.99 | 2005-06-21 06:24:45 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | | 10 | 1 | 2 | 4526 | 5.99 | 2005-07-08 03:17:05 | 2006-02-15 22:12:30 | +------------+-------------+----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+---------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create or replace view v_payment_myisam as select * from payment limit 15; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> Ctrl-C -- exit! Aborted abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | t1 | | 3 | t3 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | t1 | | 3 | t3 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | | 5 | z5 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysqlbinlog ./mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p Enter password: mysqlbinlog: File './mysql-bin.000002' not found (Errcode: 13) abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | | 5 | z5 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;truncate emp;"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ sudo chmod 0777 -R ./mysql-bin.000002 abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ abc@ubuntu:/usr/local/mysql/data$ sudo chmod -R 0777 ./mysql-bin.000002 abc@ubuntu:/usr/local/mysql/data$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; abc@ubuntu:/usr/local/mysql/data$ cd ~/Downloads/mysql/ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 test < ./test-2015-11-08.dmp abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;insert into emp values(5,'z5')"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 1 | z1 | | 1 | z2 | | 3 | z3 | | 5 | z5 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;truncate emp;"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysqlbinlog ./mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p Enter password: ERROR 1051 (42S02) at line 25: Unknown table 'v_payment_myisam' abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:45:31 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;insert into emp values(1,'t1')"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:46:02 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | t1 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:46:37 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;insert into emp values(3,'t3')"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:46:51 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | t1 | | 3 | t3 | +------+------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "select now();"; +---------------------+ | now() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-08 04:47:35 | +---------------------+ abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;insert into emp values(53,'t53')"; abc@ubuntu:~/Downloads/mysql$ mysql -uroot -p123 -e "use test;select * from emp order by id"; +------+------+ | id | info | +------+------+ | 1 | t1 | | 3 | t3 | | 53 | t53 | +------+------+