dsp--28335的cmd文件学习（二）

         今天调试28335发现出现了错误error: can't allocate .ebss, size 00000400 (page 1) in RAMM1 (avail: 00000380），网上找答案都是改Stack Size，改成小于1024，我一看我早就改了，于是静下心来找答案，发现ebss是未初始化的变量存放的空间，于是在程序中将一些以前调试而没有删除的变量删除了，编译就果断ok了，问题是解决了，但是觉得自己关于cmd文件的学习太过草率了，于是，学习一些28335的cmd文件。ps：在去年的笔记中也发现中发现了error: can't allocate .text太大的原因，但是的解决办法是将一些多余的c文件删除就行了，但是还不知道为什么，现在可以解释了。

   转载请注明；来自xzyfeixiang的博客：http://blog.csdn.net/xzyiverson

  首先，我们必须要知道一些基本的概念，然后再分析，这里引用书本的一些话。

   28335的cmd文件有两个，一个是关于寄存器的，一个是关于程序的。

  关于寄存器的cmd文件，包括两部分，一部分是section，这部分是定义的寄存器文件，一部分是map，就是为那些寄存器文件分配地址：

MEMORY
{
 PAGE 0:    /* Program Memory */

 PAGE 1:    /* Data Memory */
 
   DEV_EMU     : origin = 0x000880, length = 0x000180     /* device emulation registers */
   FLASH_REGS  : origin = 0x000A80, length = 0x000060     /* FLASH registers */
   CSM         : origin = 0x000AE0, length = 0x000010     /* code security module registers */
  
   ADC_MIRROR  : origin = 0x000B00, length = 0x000010     /* ADC Results register mirror */

   XINTF       : origin = 0x000B20, length = 0x000020     /* external interface registers */
   
   CPU_TIMER0  : origin = 0x000C00, length = 0x000008     /* CPU Timer0 registers */
   CPU_TIMER1  : origin = 0x000C08, length = 0x000008     /* CPU Timer0 registers (CPU Timer1 & Timer2 reserved TI use)*/
   CPU_TIMER2  : origin = 0x000C10, length = 0x000008     /* CPU Timer0 registers (CPU Timer1 & Timer2 reserved TI use)*/

   PIE_CTRL    : origin = 0x000CE0, length = 0x000020     /* PIE control registers */
   PIE_VECT    : origin = 0x000D00, length = 0x000100     /* PIE Vector Table */

   DMA         : origin = 0x001000, length = 0x000200     /* DMA Rev 0 registers */

   MCBSPA      : origin = 0x005000, length = 0x000040     /* McBSP-A registers */
   MCBSPB      : origin = 0x005040, length = 0x000040     /* McBSP-B registers */

   ECANA       : origin = 0x006000, length = 0x000040     /* eCAN-A control and status registers */ 
   ECANA_LAM   : origin = 0x006040, length = 0x000040     /* eCAN-A local acceptance masks */
   ECANA_MOTS  : origin = 0x006080, length = 0x000040     /* eCAN-A message object time stamps */
   ECANA_MOTO  : origin = 0x0060C0, length = 0x000040     /* eCAN-A object time-out registers */
   ECANA_MBOX  : origin = 0x006100, length = 0x000100     /* eCAN-A mailboxes */

   ECANB       : origin = 0x006200, length = 0x000040     /* eCAN-B control and status registers */ 
   ECANB_LAM   : origin = 0x006240, length = 0x000040     /* eCAN-B local acceptance masks */
   ECANB_MOTS  : origin = 0x006280, length = 0x000040     /* eCAN-B message object time stamps */
   ECANB_MOTO  : origin = 0x0062C0, length = 0x000040     /* eCAN-B object time-out registers */
   ECANB_MBOX  : origin = 0x006300, length = 0x000100     /* eCAN-B mailboxes */

   EPWM1       : origin = 0x006800, length = 0x000022     /* Enhanced PWM 1 registers */
   EPWM2       : origin = 0x006840, length = 0x000022     /* Enhanced PWM 2 registers */
   EPWM3       : origin = 0x006880, length = 0x000022     /* Enhanced PWM 3 registers */
   EPWM4       : origin = 0x0068C0, length = 0x000022     /* Enhanced PWM 4 registers */
   EPWM5       : origin = 0x006900, length = 0x000022     /* Enhanced PWM 5 registers */
   EPWM6       : origin = 0x006940, length = 0x000022     /* Enhanced PWM 6 registers */

   ECAP1       : origin = 0x006A00, length = 0x000020     /* Enhanced Capture 1 registers */
   ECAP2       : origin = 0x006A20, length = 0x000020     /* Enhanced Capture 2 registers */
   ECAP3       : origin = 0x006A40, length = 0x000020     /* Enhanced Capture 3 registers */
   ECAP4       : origin = 0x006A60, length = 0x000020     /* Enhanced Capture 4 registers */         
   ECAP5       : origin = 0x006A80, length = 0x000020     /* Enhanced Capture 5 registers */         
   ECAP6       : origin = 0x006AA0, length = 0x000020     /* Enhanced Capture 6 registers */         
 
   EQEP1       : origin = 0x006B00, length = 0x000040     /* Enhanced QEP 1 registers */
   EQEP2       : origin = 0x006B40, length = 0x000040     /* Enhanced QEP 2 registers */   

   GPIOCTRL    : origin = 0x006F80, length = 0x000040     /* GPIO control registers */
   GPIODAT     : origin = 0x006FC0, length = 0x000020     /* GPIO data registers */
   GPIOINT     : origin = 0x006FE0, length = 0x000020     /* GPIO interrupt/LPM registers */
                 
   SYSTEM      : origin = 0x007010, length = 0x000020     /* System control registers */
   SPIA        : origin = 0x007040, length = 0x000010     /* SPI-A registers */
   SCIA        : origin = 0x007050, length = 0x000010     /* SCI-A registers */
   XINTRUPT    : origin = 0x007070, length = 0x000010     /* external interrupt registers */

   ADC         : origin = 0x007100, length = 0x000020     /* ADC registers */

   SCIB        : origin = 0x007750, length = 0x000010     /* SCI-B registers */

   SCIC        : origin = 0x007770, length = 0x000010     /* SCI-C registers */
   
   I2CA        : origin = 0x007900, length = 0x000040     /* I2C-A registers */
   
   CSM_PWL     : origin = 0x33FFF8, length = 0x000008     /* Part of FLASHA.  CSM password locations. */
}

 
SECTIONS
{
   PieVectTableFile : > PIE_VECT,   PAGE = 1

/*** Peripheral Frame 0 Register Structures ***/
   DevEmuRegsFile    : > DEV_EMU,     PAGE = 1
   FlashRegsFile     : > FLASH_REGS,  PAGE = 1
   CsmRegsFile       : > CSM,         PAGE = 1
   AdcMirrorFile     : > ADC_MIRROR,  PAGE = 1 
   XintfRegsFile     : > XINTF,       PAGE = 1
   CpuTimer0RegsFile : > CPU_TIMER0,  PAGE = 1
   CpuTimer1RegsFile : > CPU_TIMER1,  PAGE = 1
   CpuTimer2RegsFile : > CPU_TIMER2,  PAGE = 1  
   PieCtrlRegsFile   : > PIE_CTRL,    PAGE = 1     
   DmaRegsFile       : > DMA,         PAGE = 1 

/*** Peripheral Frame 3 Register Structures ***/
   McbspaRegsFile    : > MCBSPA,      PAGE = 1
   McbspbRegsFile    : > MCBSPB,      PAGE = 1

/*** Peripheral Frame 1 Register Structures ***/
   ECanaRegsFile     : > ECANA,       PAGE = 1
   ECanaLAMRegsFile  : > ECANA_LAM    PAGE = 1   
   ECanaMboxesFile   : > ECANA_MBOX   PAGE = 1
   ECanaMOTSRegsFile : > ECANA_MOTS   PAGE = 1
   ECanaMOTORegsFile : > ECANA_MOTO   PAGE = 1
   
   ECanbRegsFile     : > ECANB,       PAGE = 1
   ECanbLAMRegsFile  : > ECANB_LAM    PAGE = 1   
   ECanbMboxesFile   : > ECANB_MBOX   PAGE = 1
   ECanbMOTSRegsFile : > ECANB_MOTS   PAGE = 1
   ECanbMOTORegsFile : > ECANB_MOTO   PAGE = 1
   
   EPwm1RegsFile     : > EPWM1        PAGE = 1   
   EPwm2RegsFile     : > EPWM2        PAGE = 1   
   EPwm3RegsFile     : > EPWM3        PAGE = 1   
   EPwm4RegsFile     : > EPWM4        PAGE = 1   
   EPwm5RegsFile     : > EPWM5        PAGE = 1   
   EPwm6RegsFile     : > EPWM6        PAGE = 1
   
   ECap1RegsFile     : > ECAP1        PAGE = 1   
   ECap2RegsFile     : > ECAP2        PAGE = 1   
   ECap3RegsFile     : > ECAP3        PAGE = 1   
   ECap4RegsFile     : > ECAP4        PAGE = 1
   ECap5RegsFile     : > ECAP5        PAGE = 1   
   ECap6RegsFile     : > ECAP6        PAGE = 1

   EQep1RegsFile     : > EQEP1        PAGE = 1   
   EQep2RegsFile     : > EQEP2        PAGE = 1               

   GpioCtrlRegsFile  : > GPIOCTRL     PAGE = 1
   GpioDataRegsFile  : > GPIODAT      PAGE = 1
   GpioIntRegsFile   : > GPIOINT      PAGE = 1
   
/*** Peripheral Frame 2 Register Structures ***/
   SysCtrlRegsFile   : > SYSTEM,      PAGE = 1
   SpiaRegsFile      : > SPIA,        PAGE = 1
   SciaRegsFile      : > SCIA,        PAGE = 1
   XIntruptRegsFile  : > XINTRUPT,    PAGE = 1
   AdcRegsFile       : > ADC,         PAGE = 1
   ScibRegsFile      : > SCIB,        PAGE = 1
   ScicRegsFile      : > SCIC,        PAGE = 1
   I2caRegsFile      : > I2CA,        PAGE = 1
              
/*** Code Security Module Register Structures ***/
   CsmPwlFile        : > CSM_PWL,     PAGE = 1

   关于寄存器的cmd文件没有什么很难理解的地方，关键是程序的cmd文件，要好好学习一下。

MEMORY
{
PAGE 0 :
   /* BEGIN is used for the "boot to SARAM" bootloader mode      */
   /* BOOT_RSVD is used by the boot ROM for stack.               */
   /* This section is only reserved to keep the BOOT ROM from    */
   /* corrupting this area during the debug process              */
   
   BEGIN      : origin = 0x000000, length = 0x000002     /* Boot to M0 will go here                      */
   BOOT_RSVD  : origin = 0x000002, length = 0x00004E     /* Part of M0, BOOT rom will use this for stack */               
   RAMM0      : origin = 0x000050, length = 0x0003B0

   RAML0      : origin = 0x008000, length = 0x001000    
   RAML1      : origin = 0x009000, length = 0x001000    
   RAML2      : origin = 0x00A000, length = 0x001000    
   RAML3      : origin = 0x00B000, length = 0x001000 
   ZONE6A     : origin = 0x100000, length = 0x00FC00    /* XINTF zone 6 - program space */ 
   CSM_RSVD   : origin = 0x33FF80, length = 0x000076     /* Part of FLASHA.  Program with all 0x0000 when CSM is in use. */
   CSM_PWL    : origin = 0x33FFF8, length = 0x000008     /* Part of FLASHA.  CSM password locations in FLASHA            */
   ADC_CAL    : origin = 0x380080, length = 0x000009
   RESET      : origin = 0x3FFFC0, length = 0x000002
   IQTABLES   : origin = 0x3FE000, length = 0x000b50
   IQTABLES2  : origin = 0x3FEB50, length = 0x00008c
   FPUTABLES  : origin = 0x3FEBDC, length = 0x0006A0
   BOOTROM    : origin = 0x3FF27C, length = 0x000D44               

         
PAGE 1 : 
   RAMM1      : origin = 0x000400, length = 0x000400     /* on-chip RAM block M1 */
   RAML4      : origin = 0x00C000, length = 0x001000    
   RAML5      : origin = 0x00D000, length = 0x001000    
   RAML6      : origin = 0x00E000, length = 0x001000    
   RAML7      : origin = 0x00F000, length = 0x001000 
   ZONE6B     : origin = 0x10FC00, length = 0x000400     /* XINTF zone 6 - data space */
}
 
 
SECTIONS
{
   /* Setup for "boot to SARAM" mode: 
      The codestart section (found in DSP28_CodeStartBranch.asm)
      re-directs execution to the start of user code.  */
   codestart        : > BEGIN,     PAGE = 0
   ramfuncs         : > RAML0,     PAGE = 0  
   .text            : > RAML1,     PAGE = 0
   .cinit           : > RAML0,     PAGE = 0
   .pinit           : > RAML0,     PAGE = 0
   .switch          : > RAML0,     PAGE = 0
   
   .stack           : > RAMM1,     PAGE = 1
   .ebss            : > RAML4,     PAGE = 1
   .econst          : > RAML5,     PAGE = 1      
   .esysmem         : > RAMM1,     PAGE = 1

   IQmath           : > RAML1,     PAGE = 0
   IQmathTables     : > IQTABLES,  PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD 
   IQmathTables2    : > IQTABLES2, PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD 
   FPUmathTables    : > FPUTABLES, PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD 
      
   DMARAML4         : > RAML4,     PAGE = 1
   DMARAML5         : > RAML5,     PAGE = 1
   DMARAML6         : > RAML6,     PAGE = 1
   DMARAML7         : > RAML7,     PAGE = 1
   
   ZONE6DATA        : > ZONE6B,    PAGE = 1  

   .reset           : > RESET,     PAGE = 0, TYPE = DSECT /* not used                    */
   csm_rsvd         : > CSM_RSVD   PAGE = 0, TYPE = DSECT /* not used for SARAM examples */
   csmpasswds       : > CSM_PWL    PAGE = 0, TYPE = DSECT /* not used for SARAM examples */
   
   /* Allocate ADC_cal function (pre-programmed by factory into TI reserved memory) */
   .adc_cal     : load = ADC_CAL,   PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD
     
}

 也是分为两个部分，下面是段，上面是为那些段分配的地址，当然有些段在程序中比较大，但是给他分配的地址又不够，这个时候就报错了，这个时候需要修改程序或者修改cmd文件了，这样，大致的思路就清晰了。PAGE 0代表程序空间， PAGE 1代表数据空间，我们可以将一个大的空间分成两部分，然后将一些段放在这两部分空间里，但这两空间的总和不能超过原有的空间，上述是运行在ram的cmd文件，下面这个cmd文件我报错的cmd文件，对比一下就可以知道原因了。

MEMORY
{
PAGE 0:    /* Program Memory */
           /* Memory (RAM/FLASH/OTP) blocks can be moved to PAGE1 for data allocation */

	ZONE0       : origin = 0x004000, length = 0x001000     /* XINTF zone 0 */
	RAM_L0L1L2L3: origin = 0x008000, length = 0x004000	   /* on-chip RAM */
   	OTP         : origin = 0x380400, length = 0x000400     /* on-chip OTP */
    ZONE6       : origin = 0x100000, length = 0x100000     /* XINTF zone 6 */ 
    ZONE7A      : origin = 0x200000, length = 0x00FC00     /* XINTF zone 7 - program space */
   	FLASHH      : origin = 0x300000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
    FLASHG      : origin = 0x308000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
    FLASHF      : origin = 0x310000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
    FLASHE      : origin = 0x318000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
    FLASHD      : origin = 0x320000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
    FLASHC      : origin = 0x328000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
    FLASHA      : origin = 0x338000, length = 0x007F80     /* on-chip FLASH */
    CSM_RSVD    : origin = 0x33FF80, length = 0x000076     /* Part of FLASHA.  Program with all 0x0000 when CSM is in use. */
    BEGIN_FLASH : origin = 0x33FFF6, length = 0x000002     /* Part of FLASHA.  Used for "boot to Flash" bootloader mode. */
    CSM_PWL     : origin = 0x33FFF8, length = 0x000008     /* Part of FLASHA.  CSM password locations in FLASHA */
    ADC_CAL     : origin = 0x380080, length = 0x000009	   /* Part of TI OTP */
    IQTABLES    : origin = 0x3FE000, length = 0x000b50     /* IQ Math Tables in Boot ROM */
    IQTABLES2   : origin = 0x3FEB50, length = 0x00008c     /* IQ Math Tables in Boot ROM */  
    FPUTABLES   : origin = 0x3FEBDC, length = 0x0006A0     /* FPU Tables in Boot ROM */
    ROM         : origin = 0x3FF27C, length = 0x000D44     /* Boot ROM */
   	RESET       : origin = 0x3FFFC0, length = 0x000002     /* part of boot ROM  */
   	VECTORS     : origin = 0x3FFFC2, length = 0x00003E     /* part of boot ROM  */


PAGE 1 :   /* Data Memory */
           /* Memory (RAM/FLASH/OTP) blocks can be moved to PAGE0 for program allocation */
           /* Registers remain on PAGE1                                                  */

   	RAMM0       : origin = 0x000000, length = 0x000400     /* on-chip RAM block M0 */
   	BOOT_RSVD   : origin = 0x000400, length = 0x000080     /* Part of M1, BOOT rom will use this for stack */
   	RAMM1       : origin = 0x000480, length = 0x000380     /* on-chip RAM block M1 */
	RAML4       : origin = 0x00C000, length = 0x001000     /* on-chip RAM block L4 */
    RAML5       : origin = 0x00D000, length = 0x001000     /* on-chip RAM block L5 */
    RAML6       : origin = 0x00E000, length = 0x001000     /* on-chip RAM block L6 */
    RAML7       : origin = 0x00F000, length = 0x001000     /* on-chip RAM block L7 */
    ZONE7B      : origin = 0x20FC00, length = 0x000400     /* XINTF zone 7 - data space */
}

/**************************************************************/
/* Link all user defined sections                             */
/**************************************************************/
SECTIONS
{

/*** Code Security Password Locations ***/
   	csmpasswds      : > CSM_PWL     	PAGE = 0
   	csm_rsvd        : > CSM_RSVD    	PAGE = 0

/*** User Defined Sections ***/
   	codestart       : > BEGIN_FLASH,	PAGE = 0        /* Used by file CodeStartBranch.asm */
   	wddisable		: > FLASHA,			PAGE = 0	
  	copysections	: > FLASHA,			PAGE = 0

	 /* Allocate IQ math areas: */
   IQmath           : > FLASHC     		PAGE = 0        /* Math Code */
   IQmathTables     : > IQTABLES,  		PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD 
   IQmathTables2    : > IQTABLES2, 		PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD 
   FPUmathTables    : > FPUTABLES, 		PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD 
         
   /* Allocate DMA-accessible RAM sections: */
   DMARAML4         : > RAML4,     		PAGE = 1
   DMARAML5         : > RAML5,     		PAGE = 1
   DMARAML6         : > RAML6,     		PAGE = 1
   DMARAML7         : > RAML7,     		PAGE = 1
   
   /* Allocate 0x400 of XINTF Zone 7 to storing data */
   ZONE7DATA        : > ZONE7B,    		PAGE = 1

/* Allocate ADC_cal function (pre-programmed by factory into TI reserved memory) */
   .adc_cal     	: load = ADC_CAL,   PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD 

/* .reset is a standard section used by the compiler.  It contains the */ 
/* the address of the start of _c_int00 for C Code.   /*
/* When using the boot ROM this section and the CPU vector */
/* table is not needed.  Thus the default type is set here to  */
/* DSECT  */ 
	.reset         	: > RESET,      	PAGE = 0, TYPE = DSECT
	vectors         : > VECTORS     	PAGE = 0, TYPE = DSECT

/*** Uninitialized Sections ***/
   	.stack          : > RAMM0       	PAGE = 1
   	.ebss           : > RAMM1       	PAGE = 1
   	.esysmem        : > RAMM1       	PAGE = 1

/*** Initialized Sections ***/                                          
  	.cinit			:	LOAD = FLASHA,		PAGE = 0        /* can be ROM */ 
                		RUN = RAM_L0L1L2L3, PAGE = 0   		/* must be CSM secured RAM */
                		LOAD_START(_cinit_loadstart),
                		RUN_START(_cinit_runstart),
                		SIZE(_cinit_size)

	.const			:   LOAD = FLASHA,  	PAGE = 0        /* can be ROM */ 
                		RUN = RAM_L0L1L2L3,	PAGE = 0        /* must be CSM secured RAM */
                		LOAD_START(_const_loadstart),
                		RUN_START(_const_runstart),
                		SIZE(_const_size)

	.econst			:   LOAD = FLASHA,  	PAGE = 0        /* can be ROM */ 
                		RUN = RAM_L0L1L2L3, PAGE = 0        /* must be CSM secured RAM */
                		LOAD_START(_econst_loadstart),
               			RUN_START(_econst_runstart),
                		SIZE(_econst_size)

	.pinit			:   LOAD = FLASHA,  	PAGE = 0        /* can be ROM */ 
                		RUN = RAM_L0L1L2L3, PAGE = 0        /* must be CSM secured RAM */
                		LOAD_START(_pinit_loadstart),
                		RUN_START(_pinit_runstart),
                		SIZE(_pinit_size)

	.switch			:   LOAD = FLASHA,  	PAGE = 0        /* can be ROM */ 
                		RUN = RAM_L0L1L2L3, PAGE = 0        /* must be CSM secured RAM */
                		LOAD_START(_switch_loadstart),
                		RUN_START(_switch_runstart),
                		SIZE(_switch_size)

	.text			:   LOAD = FLASHA, 		PAGE = 0        /* can be ROM */ 
                		RUN = RAM_L0L1L2L3, PAGE = 0        /* must be CSM secured RAM */
                		LOAD_START(_text_loadstart),
                		RUN_START(_text_runstart),
                		SIZE(_text_size)
}

  看下M1分成了两个部分，ebss的部分当然就没有0x400了，这也是为什么会报错的原因了，这是学习cmd文件最基本的东西，要真正学好还有很长的一段距离，只能慢慢来了。

  上面这张图为编译工程文件时的链接过程，可以解决我们一部分的疑惑。也解释了我第一段中text过大的原因，在工程中有些文件你虽然没有调用，但是他是占text的空间的，这也是我最初删除了一些不用的c文件就编译成功的原因。

  最后：排爆机器人基于dsp+fpga中有些特色还没写出来，包括串口状态机（这部分比较好，继承师兄的），还有就是dsp读写fpga这部分吧（基于xintf的），然后还用到了pwm模块，哦，还有一个就是烧写到flash里面，拷贝到ram里面运行，不过这东西是借鉴的别人的，慢慢记录下来吧。