Gtest是Google公司发布的一款非常优秀的开源C/C++单元测试框架,已被应用于多个开源项目及Google内部项目中,知名的例子包括ChromeWeb浏览器、LLVM编译器架构、ProtocolBuffers数据交换格式及工具等。至于它的优势,大家可以自己去网上搜索查看,本文主要用一个Demo描述怎么在Linux环境下使用它。
1. 下载SDK
链接:http://code.google.com/p/googletest/
我下载的版本是1.6.0
2. 解压
我解压后的位置是$HOME/bin/gtest-1.6.0
3. 编写测试用例
本例中要测试的是一个求阶乘的函数
函数头文件:func.H
#ifndef FUNC_H #define FUNC_H int fac(int nInput); #endif
函数实现文件:func.C
#include "func.H" int fac(int nInput) { if(nInput < 0) { return -1; } int nRev = 1; for(int i = 1; i <= nInput; ++i) { nRev *= i; } return nRev; }
主程序文件:主程序文件:fac_test.C
#include <limits> #include "func.H" #include "gtest/gtest.h" TEST(Fac_test, input_negative){ EXPECT_EQ(-1, fac(-1)); EXPECT_EQ(-1, fac(-2)); EXPECT_EQ(-1, fac(-5)); } TEST(Fac_test, input_zero){ EXPECT_EQ(1, fac(0)); } TEST(Fac_test, input_positive){ EXPECT_EQ(1, fac(1)); EXPECT_EQ(2, fac(2)); EXPECT_EQ(6, fac(3)); }将这三个文件都放在$/HOME/demo目录下。
4. 修改Makefile文件,然后编译
拷贝Makefile文件
cp $HOME/bin/gtest-1.6.0/make/Makefile $/HOME/demo/
需要修改的地方
1. 变量 GTEST_DIR USER_DIR TESTS
2. 最后Builds的输入输出
修改后的Makefile:
# Points to the root of Google Test, relative to where this file is. # Remember to tweak this if you move this file. GTEST_DIR = ../bin/gtest-1.6.0 # Where to find user code. USER_DIR = ./ # Flags passed to the preprocessor. CPPFLAGS += -I$(GTEST_DIR)/include # Flags passed to the C++ compiler. CXXFLAGS += -g -Wall -Wextra # All tests produced by this Makefile. Remember to add new tests you # created to the list. TESTS = fac_test # All Google Test headers. Usually you shouldn't change this # definition. GTEST_HEADERS = $(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/*.h \ $(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/internal/*.h # House-keeping build targets. all : $(TESTS) clean : rm -f $(TESTS) gtest.a gtest_main.a *.o # Builds gtest.a and gtest_main.a. # Usually you shouldn't tweak such internal variables, indicated by a # trailing _. GTEST_SRCS_ = $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.cc $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.h $(GTEST_HEADERS) # For simplicity and to avoid depending on Google Test's # implementation details, the dependencies specified below are # conservative and not optimized. This is fine as Google Test # compiles fast and for ordinary users its source rarely changes. gtest-all.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_) $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \ $(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest-all.cc gtest_main.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_) $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \ $(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest_main.cc gtest.a : gtest-all.o $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^ gtest_main.a : gtest-all.o gtest_main.o $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^ # Builds a sample test. A test should link with either gtest.a or # gtest_main.a, depending on whether it defines its own main() # function. func.o : $(USER_DIR)/func.C $(USER_DIR)/func.H $(GTEST_HEADERS) $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/func.C fac_test.o : $(USER_DIR)/fac_test.C $(USER_DIR)/func.H $(GTEST_HEADERS) $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/fac_test.C fac_test : func.o fac_test.o gtest_main.a $(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -lpthread $^ -o $@
5. 运行,检查运行结果
Ok,看到这儿,你已经可以把Gtest玩起来了,至于高级的用法,快去查Google的文档吧。