图解Android View的scrollTo(),scrollBy(),getScrollX(), getScrollY()

Android系统手机屏幕的左上角为坐标系，同时y轴方向与笛卡尔坐标系的y轴方向想反。通过提供的api如getLeft , getTop, getBottom, getRight可以获得控件在parent中的相对位置。同时，也可以获得控件在屏幕中的绝对位置，详细用法可参考android应用程序中获取view的位置

当我们编写一些自定义的滑动控件时，会用到一些api如scrollTo(),scrollBy(),getScrollX(), getScrollY()。由于常常会对函数getScrollX(), getScrollY()返回的值的含义产生混淆，尤其是正负关系，因此本文将使用几幅图来对这些函数进行讲解以方便大家记忆。

注意：调用View的scrollTo()和scrollBy()是用于滑动View中的内容，而不是把某个View的位置进行改变。如果想改变莫个View在屏幕中的位置，可以使用如下的方法。

调用public void offsetLeftAndRight(int offset)用于左右移动方法或public void  offsetTopAndBottom(int offset)用于上下移动。

                 如：button.offsetLeftAndRignt(300)表示将button控件向左移动300个像素。

scrollTo(int x, int y) 是将View中内容滑动到相应的位置，参考的坐标系原点为parent View的左上角。

       调用scrollTo(100, 0)表示将View中的内容移动到x = 100， y = 0的位置，如下图所示。注意，图中黄色矩形区域表示的是一个parent View，绿色虚线矩形为parent view中的内容。一般情况下两者的大小一致，本文为了显示方便，将虚线框画小了一点。图中的黄色区域的位置始终不变，发生位置变化的是显示的内容。

 同理，scrollTo(0, 100)的效果如下图所示：

scrollTo(100, 100)的效果图如下：

若函数中参数为负值，则子View的移动方向将相反。

scrollBy(int x, int y)其实是对scrollTo的包装，移动的是相当位置。 scrollTo(int x, int y)的源码和scrollBy(int x, int y)源码如下所示.

/**
 * Move the scrolled position of your view. This will cause a call to
 * {@link #onScrollChanged(int, int, int, int)} and the view will be
 * invalidated.
 * @param x the amount of pixels to scroll by horizontally<pre name="code" class="java">    /**
 * Set the scrolled position of your view. This will cause a call to
 * {@link #onScrollChanged(int, int, int, int)} and the view will be
 * invalidated.
 * @param x the x position to scroll to
 * @param y the y position to scroll to
 */
public void scrollTo(int x, int y) {
    if (mScrollX != x || mScrollY != y) {
        int oldX = mScrollX;
        int oldY = mScrollY;
        mScrollX = x;
        mScrollY = y;
        invalidateParentCaches();
        onScrollChanged(mScrollX, mScrollY, oldX, oldY);
        if (!awakenScrollBars()) {
            postInvalidateOnAnimation();
        }
    }
}

    /**
     * Move the scrolled position of your view. This will cause a call to
     * {@link #onScrollChanged(int, int, int, int)} and the view will be
     * invalidated.
     * @param x the amount of pixels to scroll by horizontally<pre name="code" class="java">    /**
     * Set the scrolled position of your view. This will cause a call to
     * {@link #onScrollChanged(int, int, int, int)} and the view will be
     * invalidated.
     * @param x the x position to scroll to
     * @param y the y position to scroll to
     */
    public void scrollTo(int x, int y) {
        if (mScrollX != x || mScrollY != y) {
            int oldX = mScrollX;
            int oldY = mScrollY;
            mScrollX = x;
            mScrollY = y;
            invalidateParentCaches();
            onScrollChanged(mScrollX, mScrollY, oldX, oldY);
            if (!awakenScrollBars()) {
                postInvalidateOnAnimation();
            }
        }
    }

/* @param y the amount of pixels to scroll by vertically */

/* @param y the amount of pixels to scroll by vertically */ 

public void scrollBy(int x, int y) { scrollTo(mScrollX + x, mScrollY + y); }

public void scrollBy(int x, int y) { scrollTo(mScrollX + x, mScrollY + y); }

可见，mScrollX和mScrollY是View类中专门用于记录滑动位置的变量。这两个函数最终调用onScrollChanged()函数，感兴趣者可以参考他们的源代码。

理解了scrollTo(int x, int y)和scrollBy(int x, int y)的用法，就不难理解getScrollX() 和getScrollY()。这两个函数的源码如下所示：

/**
 * Return the scrolled left position of this view. This is the left edge of
 * the displayed part of your view. You do not need to draw any pixels
 * farther left, since those are outside of the frame of your view on
 * screen.
 *
 * @return The left edge of the displayed part of your view, in pixels.
 */
public final int getScrollX() {
    return mScrollX;
}

    /**
     * Return the scrolled left position of this view. This is the left edge of
     * the displayed part of your view. You do not need to draw any pixels
     * farther left, since those are outside of the frame of your view on
     * screen.
     *
     * @return The left edge of the displayed part of your view, in pixels.
     */
    public final int getScrollX() {
        return mScrollX;
    }

/**
 * Return the scrolled top position of this view. This is the top edge of
 * the displayed part of your view. You do not need to draw any pixels above
 * it, since those are outside of the frame of your view on screen.
 *
 * @return The top edge of the displayed part of your view, in pixels.
 */
public final int getScrollY() {
    return mScrollY;
}