Paint---FontMetrics

这一篇接着讲Paint

Paint.FontMetrics,字体属性及测量。

API—Paint.FontMetrics | Android 开发者

Paint---FontMetrics_第1张图片
5个属性,介绍如下:

  1. 基准点是baseline
  2. Ascent是baseline之上至字符最高处的距离
  3. Descent是baseline之下至字符最低处的距离
  4. Leading文档说的很含糊,其实就是行间距
  5. Top指的是指的是最高字符到baseline的值,即ascent的最大值
  6. bottom指的是最下字符到baseline的值,即descent的最大值

为了帮助理解,我特此搜索了不同的示意图。对照示意图,会很容易理解FontMetrics的参数。
pic-1
Paint---FontMetrics_第2张图片
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Paint---FontMetrics_第3张图片
pic-3

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Paint---FontMetrics_第4张图片
pic-6

测试

//字体属性及测量
public class TestPaintViewFontMetrics extends View {

    private Paint mPaint;

    public TestPaintViewFontMetrics(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        // super.onDraw(canvas);
        mPaint.setTextSize(55);
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        // FontMetrics对象
        FontMetrics fontMetrics = mPaint.getFontMetrics();
        String text = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu";
        // 计算每一个坐标
        float baseX = 0;
        float baseY = 100;
        float topY = baseY + fontMetrics.top;
        float ascentY = baseY + fontMetrics.ascent;
        float descentY = baseY + fontMetrics.descent;
        float bottomY = baseY + fontMetrics.bottom;
        float leading = baseY + fontMetrics.leading;

        Log.d("pepe", "baseX is:" + 0);
        Log.d("pepe", "baseY is:" + 100);
        Log.d("pepe", "topY is:" + topY);
        Log.d("pepe", "ascentY is:" + ascentY);
        Log.d("pepe", "descentY is:" + descentY);
        Log.d("pepe", "bottomY is:" + bottomY);
        Log.d("pepe", "leading is:" + leading);

        // 绘制文本
        canvas.drawText(text, baseX, baseY, mPaint);

        // BaseLine描画
        Paint baseLinePaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

        baseLinePaint.setColor(Color.RED);
        canvas.drawLine(0, baseY, canvas.getWidth(), baseY, baseLinePaint);

        // Base描画
        canvas.drawCircle(baseX, baseY, 5, baseLinePaint);

        // TopLine描画
        Paint topLinePaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
        topLinePaint.setColor(Color.LTGRAY);
        canvas.drawLine(0, topY, canvas.getWidth(), topY, topLinePaint);

        // AscentLine描画
        Paint ascentLinePaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
        ascentLinePaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        canvas.drawLine(0, ascentY, canvas.getWidth(), ascentY, ascentLinePaint);

        // DescentLine描画
        Paint descentLinePaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
        descentLinePaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
        canvas.drawLine(0, descentY, canvas.getWidth(), descentY,
                descentLinePaint);

        // ButtomLine描画
        Paint bottomLinePaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
        bottomLinePaint.setColor(Color.MAGENTA);
        canvas.drawLine(0, bottomY, canvas.getWidth(), bottomY, bottomLinePaint);
    }
}

log如下:
Paint---FontMetrics_第5张图片

从代码中我们可以看到一个很特别的现象,在我们绘制文本之前我们便可以获取文本的FontMetrics属性值,也就是说我们FontMetrics的这些值跟我们要绘制什么文本是无关的,而仅与绘制文本Paint的size和typeface有关。当你改变了paint绘制文字的size或typeface时,FontMetrics中的top、bottom等值就会发生改变。如果我们仅仅更改了文字,这些值是不会发生任何改变的。

我们注意到各个数值都是正数,这是建立在baseY=100的情况下,去掉baseY,重新运行代码,log如下:

参照线为baseline,即baseline=0的情况下,其他各线的数值。leading = 0,即行间距=0
以上是根据paint设置,获取相关的FontMetrics属性,并且只绘制了一行字符串,我们猜想,如果是多行,是否可以获得行间距leanding,代码如下:

        TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);
        String text =  "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuabcdefghijklmnopqrstuabcdefghijklmnopqrstuabcdefghijklmnopqrstuabcdefghijklmnopqrstu"; 
        textView.setTextSize(55);
        textView.setText(text);

        FontMetrics fontMetrics = textView.getPaint().getFontMetrics();

        // 计算每一个坐标
        float topY = fontMetrics.top;
        float ascentY = fontMetrics.ascent;
        float descentY = fontMetrics.descent;
        float bottomY = fontMetrics.bottom;
        float leading = fontMetrics.leading;

        Log.d("pepe", "topY is:" + topY);
        Log.d("pepe", "ascentY is:" + ascentY);
        Log.d("pepe", "descentY is:" + descentY);
        Log.d("pepe", "bottomY is:" + bottomY);
        Log.d("pepe", "leading is:" + leading);

log如下:
Paint---FontMetrics_第6张图片

显然,即使是多行的情况下,仍不能获得leading

如果text是单行,获得各个属性将会怎样,代码如下:

        TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);
        String text = "abcdefghijklmj";
        textView.setTextSize(55);
        textView.setText(text);

        FontMetrics fontMetrics = textView.getPaint().getFontMetrics();

        // 计算每一个坐标
        float topY = fontMetrics.top;
        float ascentY = fontMetrics.ascent;
        float descentY = fontMetrics.descent;
        float bottomY = fontMetrics.bottom;
        float leading = fontMetrics.leading;

        Log.d("pepe", "topY is:" + topY);
        Log.d("pepe", "ascentY is:" + ascentY);
        Log.d("pepe", "descentY is:" + descentY);
        Log.d("pepe", "bottomY is:" + bottomY);
        Log.d("pepe", "leading is:" + leading);

log如下:
Paint---FontMetrics_第7张图片

与多行获得的属性都相同。

结论:
A:虽然paint和textView所设置的textSize均为55,且为相同的字符串,但是两个获得的FontMetrics属性值并不相同。但是,我们发现,做除法之后,均为2倍关系。做出猜测,即Paint下,为mdpi对应的size,而TextView的size已经关联到了显示屏幕本身的320dip。所以获得属性值均为整2倍数
B:各种情况下,均未获得leading值。

测试代码:

    float scale = this.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
    Log.d("pepe", "scale is:" + scale);

log:
这里写图片描述

源码下载

引用:
Android字符串进阶之三:字体属性及测量(FontMetrics) - 小新专栏 - 51CTO技术博客

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