模拟退火算法解决旅行商问题(matlab)

华电北风吹
天津大学认知计算与应用重点实验室
日期:2015/6/28

模拟退火算法解决旅行商问题。
根据概率产生新解主要包含两个途径:二交换和三交换
二交换是在TSP回路中选择两个城市直接交换
三交换是在TSP回路中选择三个点,p1,p2,p3,然后将p1,p2之间的城市直接与p3之前对应长度的城市交换
这里产生新解的方法不唯一,只要能够保证产生的新解可以包含最优解所在的解空间即可
是否接受新解主要包含两种情况:
新解比历史最优解好,则百分百接受新解
新解比当前解好,没历史最优解好,则以一定概率接受新解,并且随着温度的降低。接受的概率也会降低。
如下是TSP代码。

clear
clc
a = 0.99;   % 温度衰减函数的参数
t0 = 97; tf = 3; t = t0;
Markov_length = 10000;  % Markov链长度
coordinates = [ 1 565.0 575.0; 2 25.0 185.0; 3 345.0 750.0; 4 945.0 685.0; 5 845.0 655.0; 6 880.0 660.0; 7 25.0 230.0; 8 525.0 1000.0; 9 580.0 1175.0; 10 650.0 1130.0; 11 1605.0 620.0; 12 1220.0 580.0; 13 1465.0 200.0; 14 1530.0 5.0; 15 845.0 680.0; 16 725.0 370.0; 17 145.0 665.0; 18 415.0 635.0; 19 510.0 875.0; 20 560.0 365.0; 21 300.0 465.0; 22 520.0 585.0; 23 480.0 415.0; 24 835.0 625.0; 25 975.0 580.0; 26 1215.0 245.0; 27 1320.0 315.0; 28 1250.0 400.0; 29 660.0 180.0; 30 410.0 250.0; 31 420.0 555.0; 32 575.0 665.0; 33 1150.0 1160.0; 34 700.0 580.0; 35 685.0 595.0; 36 685.0 610.0; 37 770.0 610.0; 38 795.0 645.0; 39 720.0 635.0; 40 760.0 650.0; 41 475.0 960.0; 42 95.0 260.0; 43 875.0 920.0; 44 700.0 500.0; 45 555.0 815.0; 46 830.0 485.0; 47 1170.0 65.0; 48 830.0 610.0; 49 605.0 625.0; 50 595.0 360.0; 51 1340.0 725.0; 52 1740.0 245.0; ];
coordinates(:,1) = [];
amount = size(coordinates,1);   % 城市的数目
% 通过向量化的方法计算距离矩阵
dist_matrix = zeros(amount, amount);
coor_x_tmp1 = coordinates(:,1) * ones(1,amount);
coor_x_tmp2 = coor_x_tmp1';
coor_y_tmp1 = coordinates(:,2) * ones(1,amount);
coor_y_tmp2 = coor_y_tmp1';
dist_matrix = sqrt((coor_x_tmp1-coor_x_tmp2).^2 + ...
    (coor_y_tmp1-coor_y_tmp2).^2);

sol_new = 1:amount;         % 产生初始解
% sol_new是每次产生的新解;sol_current是当前解;sol_best是冷却中的最好解;
E_current = inf;E_best = inf;       % E_current是当前解对应的回路距离;
% E_new是新解的回路距离;
% E_best是最优解的
sol_current = sol_new; sol_best = sol_new;
p = 1;

while t>=tf
    for r=1:Markov_length       % Markov链长度
        % 产生随机扰动
        if (rand < 0.5) % 随机决定是进行两交换还是三交换
            % 两交换
            ind1 = 0; ind2 = 0;
            while (ind1 == ind2)
                ind1 = ceil(rand.*amount);
                ind2 = ceil(rand.*amount);
            end
            tmp1 = sol_new(ind1);
            sol_new(ind1) = sol_new(ind2);
            sol_new(ind2) = tmp1;
        else
            % 三交换
            ind1 = 0; ind2 = 0; ind3 = 0;
            while (ind1 == ind2) || (ind1 == ind3) ...
                    || (ind2 == ind3) || (abs(ind1-ind2) == 1)
                ind1 = ceil(rand.*amount);
                ind2 = ceil(rand.*amount);
                ind3 = ceil(rand.*amount);
            end
            tmp1 = ind1;tmp2 = ind2;tmp3 = ind3;
            % 确保ind1 < ind2 < ind3
            if (ind1 < ind2) && (ind2 < ind3)
                ;
            elseif (ind1 < ind3) && (ind3 < ind2)
                ind2 = tmp3;ind3 = tmp2;
            elseif (ind2 < ind1) && (ind1 < ind3)
                ind1 = tmp2;ind2 = tmp1;
            elseif (ind2 < ind3) && (ind3 < ind1)
                ind1 = tmp2;ind2 = tmp3; ind3 = tmp1;
            elseif (ind3 < ind1) && (ind1 < ind2)
                ind1 = tmp3;ind2 = tmp1; ind3 = tmp2;
            elseif (ind3 < ind2) && (ind2 < ind1)
                ind1 = tmp3;ind2 = tmp2; ind3 = tmp1;
            end

            tmplist1 = sol_new((ind1+1):(ind2-1));
            sol_new((ind1+1):(ind1+ind3-ind2+1)) = ...
                sol_new((ind2):(ind3));
            sol_new((ind1+ind3-ind2+2):ind3) = ...
                tmplist1;
        end

        %检查是否满足约束

        % 计算目标函数值(即内能)
        E_new = 0;
        for i = 1 : (amount-1)
            E_new = E_new + ...
                dist_matrix(sol_new(i),sol_new(i+1));
        end
        % 再算上从最后一个城市到第一个城市的距离
        E_new = E_new + ...
            dist_matrix(sol_new(amount),sol_new(1));

        if E_new < E_current
            E_current = E_new;
            sol_current = sol_new;
            if E_new < E_best
                % 把冷却过程中最好的解保存下来
                E_best = E_new;
                sol_best = sol_new;
            end
        else
            % 若新解的目标函数值小于当前解的,
            % 则仅以一定概率接受新解
            if rand < exp(-(E_new-E_current)./t)
                E_current = E_new;
                sol_current = sol_new;
            else
                sol_new = sol_current;
            end
        end
    end
    t=t.*a;     % 控制参数t(温度)减少为原来的a倍
end
for i=1:length(coordinates)
    plot(coordinates(i,1),coordinates(i,2),'r*');
    hold on;
end;
x=coordinates([sol_best sol_best(1)],1);
y=coordinates([sol_best sol_best(1)],2);
plot(x,y);
disp('最优解为:')
disp(sol_best)
disp('最短距离:')
disp(E_best)

最后得到的图像如下,在目测条件下,应该是满足条件(不一定是最优的,但也差不多了)
模拟退火算法解决旅行商问题(matlab)_第1张图片

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