Redhat 6.2安装Oracle 11g客户端及遇到的问题分析

昨天在Redhat6.2(64 bit)上安装oracle 11.2.0.1.0 client(32 bit)，以下是安装中碰到的一些问题及处理过程记录

首先解压缩安装包，会生成一个client目录,运行runInstaller时报错，错误如下:

[oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ ls -l

total 627612

drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall      4096 Aug 19  2009 client

-rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 642016988 Jul  7 14:53 linux_11gR2_client.zip

drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall     16384 Jul  7 11:01 lost+found

[oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ cd client/

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ls -l

total 28

drwxr-xr-x.  8 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 17  2009 doc

drwxr-xr-x.  4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14  2009 install

drwxrwxr-x.  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14  2009 response

-rwxr-xr-x.  1 oracle oinstall 4356 Aug 14  2009 runInstaller

drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14  2009 stage

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall 3891 Aug 18  2009 welcome.html

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ./runInstaller 

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB.   Actual 11574 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 8191 MB    Passed

Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM. Please wait ...[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt/libmawt.so: libXext.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1647)

at java.lang.Runtime.load0(Runtime.java:769)

at java.lang.System.load(System.java:968)

at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1668)

at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:822)

at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:993)

at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(LoadLibraryAction.java:50)

at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

at java.awt.Toolkit.loadLibraries(Toolkit.java:1509)

at java.awt.Toolkit.<clinit>(Toolkit.java:1530)

at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(Unknown Source)

at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.<clinit>(Unknown Source)

at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.<clinit>(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:122)

at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)

at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:242)

at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1783)

at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:480)

at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:758)

at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:164)

at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181)

at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:265)

at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.startup(ClientInstaller.java:85)

at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.main(ClientInstaller.java:95)

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ cd /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_04-07-33PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt

[oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ ls -l

total 3276

-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall 3149094 May  6  2009 libmawt_g.so

-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall  200888 May  6  2009 libmawt.so

[oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ rpm -qa|grep libXext

libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64

libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64

可以看到libmawt.so是有的，由于操作系统是64位的，之前也装了64位的libXert包，但是仍然报找不到libXext.so.6

[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686 

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:libXext                 ########################################### [100%]

[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686 

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:libXext-devel           ########################################### [100%]

[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]# rpm -qa|grep libXext

libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686

libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64

libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64

libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686

最后将32位的libXext包也安装上才得以解决，并顺利进入图形界面

在图形界面中报了一个OS内核设置错误，可以以root运行runfixup.sh脚本自动修复，pdksh-5.2.14这个包可以忽略，Swap Size也可以忽略

[root@Ptyjkweb ~]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh

Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.response

Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.enable

Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/orarun.log

Setting Kernel Parameters...

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

然后根据提示执行orainstRoot.sh脚本赋予目录权限

[root@Ptyjkweb ~]# /oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 

Changing permissions of /oracle/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

添加环境变量时注意，由于之前安装的是InstantClient模式，所以在ORACLE_HOME中并没有bin目录和lib目录，因此指定PATH的时候是$ORACLE_HOME而不是$ORACLE_HOME/bin,以及LD_LIBRARY_PATH是$ORACLE_HOME，而不是$ORACLE_HOME/lib

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/client_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ source ~/.bash_profile

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libsqlplus.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ls -l

total 145060

-rwxr-xr-x.  1 oracle oinstall    21865 Aug 13  2009 adrci

drwxr-xr-x.  3 oracle oinstall     4096 Jul  8 09:50 cfgtoollogs

drwxr-xr-x.  3 oracle oinstall     4096 Jul  8 09:49 install

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall       37 Jul  8 09:49 install.platform

drwxrwx---. 13 oracle oinstall     4096 Jul  8 09:49 inventory

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall 40088477 Aug 13  2009 libclntsh.so.11.1

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall    11227 Jul 31  2009 libheteroxa11.so

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall  6986848 Aug  2  2009 libnnz11.so

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall  1879549 Aug 13  2009 libocci.so.11.1

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall 89377610 Aug 13  2009 libociei.so

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall   152304 Jul 31  2009 libocijdbc11.so

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall  1501651 Aug  1  2009 libsqlplusic.so

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall  1218075 Aug  1  2009 libsqlplus.so

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall   777979 Aug 13  2009 libsqora.so.11.1

drwxr-xr-x.  2 oracle oinstall     4096 Jul  8 09:49 light

drwxr-xr-x.  3 oracle oinstall     4096 Jul  8 09:49 odbc

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall  1996228 Jul 31  2009 ojdbc5.jar

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall  2111220 Jul 31  2009 ojdbc6.jar

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall  1656280 Aug  2  2009 orai18n.jar

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall    82983 Aug  2  2009 orai18n-mapping.jar

-rw-r-----.  1 oracle oinstall       55 Jul  8 09:48 oraInst.loc

-rwxr-xr-x.  1 oracle oinstall     6909 Aug  1  2009 sqlplus

-rwxr-xr-x.  1 oracle oinstall   377507 Aug 13  2009 wrc

-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall    37807 Aug 13  2009 xstreams.jar

此处如果提示找不到libsqlplus.so文件，并不是因为缺少包，而是因为没有指定LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量，或是指定错了位置（指定到了$ORALCE_HOME/lib下）

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ldd sqlplus

linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0x00322000)

libsqlplus.so => not found

libclntsh.so.11.1 => not found

libnnz11.so => not found

libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000)

libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000)

libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000)

libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000)

libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000)

/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000)

libaio.so.1 => not found

此时会发现有4个库文件为“not found”状态，而一旦LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量配置正确，上面3个库文件就会链接正常，如下：

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

[oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ which sqlplus

/oracle/client_1/sqlplus

[oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ cd /oracle/client_1/

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ldd sqlplus

linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0x00322000)

libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x003ac000)

libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a23000)

libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x004f8000)

libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000)

libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000)

libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000)

libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000)

libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000)

/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000)

libaio.so.1 => not found

现在只剩下libio.so.1这个库文件无法正常链接，其实也是因为缺少安装包，目前也仅安装了64位的包

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep libaio

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

曾尝试直接从别的11g库(64 bit)中将libaio.so.1文件拷贝到/oracle/client_1目录下，执行sqlplus时会报以下错误：

sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64

[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# pwd

/mnt/Server/Packages

[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# ls -l |grep libaio

-r--r--r--. 201 root root    21664 Aug 17  2010 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm

-r--r--r--. 149 root root    21752 Aug 17  2010 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm

-r--r--r--. 173 root root    13580 Aug 17  2010 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm

-r--r--r--. 128 root root    13516 Aug 17  2010 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm 

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:libaio                 ########################################### [100%]

[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm 

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:libaio-devel           ########################################### [100%]

[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep libaio

libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686)

libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686)

[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$ ldd `which sqlplus`

linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0x00747000)

libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x002c0000)

libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a31000)

libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x00c35000)

libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00f51000)

libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00110000)

libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0013a000)

libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00a62000)

libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00498000)

libaio.so.1 => /lib/libaio.so.1 (0x009b0000)

/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000)

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:53:30 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified

Enter user-name: 

这是由于还未配置tnsnames.ora，使用/nolog登陆就不会报错

[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:56:19 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> 

至此，Oracle 11g客户端顺利安装完毕，整个过程可以发现，出现的一些问题主要还是由于缺少安装包造成的，当然，环境变量配置不当也是一部分原因。