[Android优化进阶] 提高ListView性能的技巧

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/47128125

ListView优化一直是一个老生常谈的问题，不管是面试还是平常的开发中，ListView永远不会被忽略掉，那么这篇文章我们来看看如何最大化的优化ListView的性能。

• 1.在adapter中的getView方法中尽量少使用逻辑
• 2.尽最大可能避免GC
• 3.滑动的时候不加载图片
• 4.将ListView的scrollingCache和animateCache设置为false
• 5.item的布局层级越烧越好
• 6.使用ViewHolder

1.在adapter中的getView方法中尽量少使用逻辑

不要在你的getView()中写过多的逻辑代码，我们可以将这些代码放在别的地方，例如：

优化前的getView（）：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> View <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getView</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> position, View convertView, ViewGroup paramViewGroup) {
        Object current_event = mObjects.get(position);
        ViewHolder holder = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (convertView == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) {
                holder = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ViewHolder();
                convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.row_event, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>);
                holder.ThreeDimension = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.ThreeDim);
                holder.EventPoster = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.EventPoster);
                convertView.setTag(holder);

        } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> {
                holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }

       <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//在这里进行逻辑判断，这是有问题的 </span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (doesSomeComplexChecking()) {
                holder.ThreeDimention.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> {
                holder.ThreeDimention.setVisibility(View.GONE); 
        }

        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 这是设置image的参数，每次getView方法执行时都会执行这段代码，这显然是有问题的</span>
        RelativeLayout.LayoutParams imageParams = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(measuredwidth, rowHeight);
        holder.EventPoster.setLayoutParams(imageParams);

        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> convertView;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li></ul>

优化后的getView（）：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> View <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getView</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> position, View convertView, ViewGroup paramViewGroup) {
    Object object = mObjects.get(position);
    ViewHolder holder = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (convertView == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) {
            holder = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ViewHolder();
            convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.row_event, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>);
            holder.ThreeDimension = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.ThreeDim);
            holder.EventPoster = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.EventPoster);
            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//设置参数提到这里，只有第一次的时候会执行，之后会复用 </span>
            RelativeLayout.LayoutParams imageParams = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(measuredwidth, rowHeight);
            holder.EventPoster.setLayoutParams(imageParams);
            convertView.setTag(holder);
    } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> {
            holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 我们直接通过对象的getter方法代替刚才那些逻辑判断，那些逻辑判断放到别的地方去执行了</span>
    holder.ThreeDimension.setVisibility(object.getVisibility());

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> convertView;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul>

2.GC 垃圾回收器

当你创建了大量的对象的时候，GC就会频繁的执行，所以在getView（）方法中不要创建很多的对象，最好的优化是，不要在ViewHolder以外创建任何对象，如果你的你的log里面发现“GC has freed some memory”频繁出现的话，那你的程序肯定有问题了。你可以检查一下： 
a) item布局的层级是否太深 
b) getView（）方法中是否有大量对象存在 
c) ListView的布局属性

3.加载图片

如果你的ListView中需要显示从网络上下载的图片的话，我们不要在ListView滑动的时候加载图片，那样会使ListView变得卡顿，所以我们需要再监听器里面监听ListView的状态，如果滑动的时候，停止加载图片，如果没有滑动，则开始加载图片

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">listView.setOnScrollListener(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> OnScrollListener() {

            <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onScrollStateChanged</span>(AbsListView listView, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> scrollState) {
                    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//停止加载图片 </span>
                    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (scrollState == AbsListView.OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_FLING) {
                            imageLoader.stopProcessingQueue();
                    } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> {
                    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//开始加载图片</span>
                            imageLoader.startProcessingQueue();
                    }
            }

            <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onScroll</span>(AbsListView view, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> firstVisibleItem, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> visibleItemCount, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> totalItemCount) {
                    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// TODO Auto-generated method stub</span>

            }
    });</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li></ul>

4.将ListView的scrollingCache和animateCache设置为false

scrollingCache: scrollingCache本质上是drawing cache，你可以让一个View将他自己的drawing保存在cache中（保存为一个bitmap），这样下次再显示View的时候就不用重画了，而是从cache中取出。默认情况下drawing cahce是禁用的，因为它太耗内存了，但是它确实比重画来的更加平滑。而在ListView中，scrollingCache是默认开启的，我们可以手动将它关闭。

animateCache: ListView默认开启了animateCache，这会消耗大量的内存，因此会频繁调用GC，我们可以手动将它关闭掉

优化前的ListView

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><ListView
        android:id=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@android</span>:id/list"</span>
        android:layout_width=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"match_parent"</span>
        android:layout_height=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"wrap_content"</span>
        android:cacheColorHint=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"#00000000"</span>
        android:divider=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@color</span>/list_background_color"</span>
        android:dividerHeight=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"0dp"</span>
        android:listSelector=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"#00000000"</span>
        android:smoothScrollbar=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"true"</span>
        android:visibility=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"gone"</span> /> 


</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

优化后的ListView

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><ListView
        android:id=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@android</span>:id/list"</span>
        android:layout_width=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"match_parent"</span>
        android:layout_height=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"wrap_content"</span>
        android:divider=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@color</span>/list_background_color"</span>
        android:dividerHeight=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"0dp"</span>
        android:listSelector=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"#00000000"</span>
        android:scrollingCache=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"false"</span>
        android:animationCache=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"false"</span>
        android:smoothScrollbar=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"true"</span>
        android:visibility=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"gone"</span> /></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>

5.减少item的布局的深度

我们应该尽量减少item布局深度，因为当滑动ListView的时候，这回直接导致测量与绘制，因此会浪费大量的时间，所以我们应该将一些不必要的布局嵌套关系去掉。减少item布局深度

6.使用ViewHolder

这个大家应该非常熟悉了，但是不要小看这个ViewHolder，它可以大大提高我们ListView的性能

ListView的优化我们已经讲完了，如果在你的项目中，这些基本优化你还没有做到的话，那么你的ListView是有问题的，还有很大的提升潜力，以后再使用ListView的时候，一定要将这几点考虑进去，发挥它的最大的性能。