使用HttpUrlConnection模拟post表单进行文件上传平时很少使用,比较麻烦。
原理是: 分析文件上传的数据格式,然后根据格式构造相应的发送给服务器的字符串。
格式如下:这里的httppost123是我自己构造的字符串,可以是其他任何的字符串
----------httppost123 (\r\n)
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename="t.txt" (\r\n)
Content-Type: application/octet-stream (\r\n)
(\r\n)
sdfsdfsdfsdfsdf (\r\n)
----------httppost123 (\r\n)
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="text" (\r\n)
(\r\n)
text tttt (\r\n)
----------httppost123-- (\r\n)
(\r\n)
上面的(\r\n)表示各个数据必须以(\r\n)结尾。
具体Java代码如下:
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.SocketTimeoutException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.imageio.ImageReader; import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream; public class HttpPostUtil { URL url; HttpURLConnection conn; String boundary = "--------httppost123"; Map<String, String> textParams = new HashMap<String, String>(); Map<String, File> fileparams = new HashMap<String, File>(); DataOutputStream ds; public HttpPostUtil(String url) throws Exception { this.url = new URL(url); } //重新设置要请求的服务器地址,即上传文件的地址。 public void setUrl(String url) throws Exception { this.url = new URL(url); } //增加一个普通字符串数据到form表单数据中 public void addTextParameter(String name, String value) { textParams.put(name, value); } //增加一个文件到form表单数据中 public void addFileParameter(String name, File value) { fileparams.put(name, value); } // 清空所有已添加的form表单数据 public void clearAllParameters() { textParams.clear(); fileparams.clear(); } // 发送数据到服务器,返回一个字节包含服务器的返回结果的数组 public byte[] send() throws Exception { initConnection(); try { conn.connect(); } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) { // something throw new RuntimeException(); } ds = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream()); writeFileParams(); writeStringParams(); paramsEnd(); InputStream in = conn.getInputStream(); ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int b; while ((b = in.read()) != -1) { out.write(b); } conn.disconnect(); return out.toByteArray(); } //文件上传的connection的一些必须设置 private void initConnection() throws Exception { conn = (HttpURLConnection) this.url.openConnection(); conn.setDoOutput(true); conn.setUseCaches(false); conn.setConnectTimeout(10000); //连接超时为10秒 conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary); } //普通字符串数据 private void writeStringParams() throws Exception { Set<String> keySet = textParams.keySet(); for (Iterator<String> it = keySet.iterator(); it.hasNext();) { String name = it.next(); String value = textParams.get(name); ds.writeBytes("--" + boundary + "\r\n"); ds.writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"\r\n"); ds.writeBytes("\r\n"); ds.writeBytes(encode(value) + "\r\n"); } } //文件数据 private void writeFileParams() throws Exception { Set<String> keySet = fileparams.keySet(); for (Iterator<String> it = keySet.iterator(); it.hasNext();) { String name = it.next(); File value = fileparams.get(name); ds.writeBytes("--" + boundary + "\r\n"); ds.writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"; filename=\"" + encode(value.getName()) + "\"\r\n"); ds.writeBytes("Content-Type: " + getContentType(value) + "\r\n"); ds.writeBytes("\r\n"); ds.write(getBytes(value)); ds.writeBytes("\r\n"); } } //获取文件的上传类型,图片格式为image/png,image/jpg等。非图片为application/octet-stream private String getContentType(File f) throws Exception { // return "application/octet-stream"; // 此行不再细分是否为图片,全部作为application/octet-stream 类型 ImageInputStream imagein = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(f); if (imagein == null) { return "application/octet-stream"; } Iterator<ImageReader> it = ImageIO.getImageReaders(imagein); if (!it.hasNext()) { imagein.close(); return "application/octet-stream"; } imagein.close(); return "image/" + it.next().getFormatName().toLowerCase();//将FormatName返回的值转换成小写,默认为大写 } //把文件转换成字节数组 private byte[] getBytes(File f) throws Exception { FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f); ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] b = new byte[1024]; int n; while ((n = in.read(b)) != -1) { out.write(b, 0, n); } in.close(); return out.toByteArray(); } //添加结尾数据 private void paramsEnd() throws Exception { ds.writeBytes("--" + boundary + "--" + "\r\n"); ds.writeBytes("\r\n"); } // 对包含中文的字符串进行转码,此为UTF-8。服务器那边要进行一次解码 private String encode(String value) throws Exception{ return URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8"); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { HttpPostUtil u = new HttpPostUtil("http://localhost:3000/up_load"); u.addFileParameter("img", new File( "D:\\素材\\圆月.jpg")); u.addTextParameter("text", "中文"); byte[] b = u.send(); String result = new String(b); System.out.println(result); } }
后台使用ruby进行接收
ruby代码如下:
require "cgi" class UpLoadController < ApplicationController protect_from_forgery :except=>:index def index img = params[:img] if img.kind_of? String logger.debug "img string : #{img}" else logger.debug "Content-Type:#{img.content_type}" logger.debug "or:#{CGI.unescape(img.original_filename)}" end text = params[:text] logger.debug "text:#{CGI.unescape(text)}" render :text=>"OK" end end
日志输入如下:
Content-Type:image/jpeg
or:圆月.jpg
text:中文
如果不把中文转成UTF-8的格式进行传输,则后台显示中文乱码。
同样,如果其他参数包含中文,则也应当先转码。
当然,具体什么编码要和后台接收的编码一致。
另外附上c#的代码,因为对c#不太熟悉,但代码测试基本可以实现了。
using System; using System.Drawing; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Text; using System.Drawing.Imaging; namespace MyThreading { class HttpPostUtil { string boundary = "------httpost123"; string url; byte[] bs= new byte[0]; Encoding encoder = Encoding.UTF8; public HttpPostUtil(string url) { this.url = url; } public byte[] Send() { WebClient myWebClient = new WebClient(); myWebClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary); EndData(); return myWebClient.UploadData(url,bs); } public void ClearData() { Array.Clear(bs, 0, bs.Length); } public void AddTextParameter(string name, string value) { StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(); s.Append("--").Append(boundary).Append("\r\n"); s.Append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"\r\n"); s.Append("\r\n"); s.Append(value).Append("\r\n"); AppendString(s.ToString()); } public void AddFileParameter(string name, FileInfo file) { StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(); s.Append("--").Append(boundary).Append("\r\n"); s.Append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"; filename=\"" + file.Name + "\"\r\n"); s.Append("Content-Type: " + GetContentType(file) + "\r\n"); s.Append("\r\n"); AppendString(s.ToString()); AppendBytes(GetFileBytes(file)); AppendString("\r\n"); } byte[] GetFileBytes(FileInfo f) { FileStream fs = new FileStream(f.FullName, FileMode.Open); BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(fs); byte[] b = br.ReadBytes((int)f.Length); br.Close(); fs.Close(); return b; } string GetContentType(FileInfo f) { // return "application/octet-stream"; //取消注释此行,则不再区分是否为图片 System.Drawing.Image image = null; FileStream fs = new FileStream(f.FullName, FileMode.Open); try { image = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(fs); } catch (ArgumentException) { // 文件无法被解析为一个图片 return "application/octet-stream"; } finally { fs.Close(); } return GetFormat(image.RawFormat); } string GetFormat(ImageFormat imf) { if (ImageFormat.Bmp.Equals(imf)) { return "image/bmp"; } if (ImageFormat.Jpeg.Equals(imf)) { return "image/jpeg"; } if (ImageFormat.Png.Equals(imf)) { return "image/png"; } return "application/octet-stream"; } void AppendBytes(byte[] bytes) { byte[] newByte = new byte[bs.Length + bytes.Length]; Array.Copy(bs, 0, newByte, 0, bs.Length); Array.Copy(bytes, 0, newByte, bs.Length, bytes.Length); bs = newByte; } void AppendString(string value) { byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value); AppendBytes(bytes); } void EndData() { StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(); s.Append("--").Append(boundary).Append("--\r\n"); s.Append("\r\n"); AppendString(s.ToString()); } } }
在我本机测试,中文没有出现乱码。
c#调用方法:
string url = "http://localhost:3000/up_load"; string imgPath = @"D:\素材\圆月.jpg"; HttpPostUtil hp = new HttpPostUtil(url); hp.AddTextParameter("text","中文"); hp.AddFileParameter("img",new FileInfo(imgPath)); byte[] b = hp.Send(); Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(b));
如有错误,请补充下。