java中常见的json解析有json-lib、jackson两种方案,前者是老牌技术,后者在解析大数据的时候性能比较好。现在又出现了很多json解析技术,如:fastjson、gson等。
一、springmvc默认使用的是jackson来解析json的,需要作如下配置:
1)需要用到的包:jackson-core-asl-1.9.12.jar、jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.12.jar
2)在spring的配置文件中有两种办法设置:
方案一:<mvc:annotation-driven />
方案二:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<bean
class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" />
<bean
class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain; charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
二、jackson使用:
首先去官网下载Jackson工具包,下载地址http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonDownload。Jackson有1.x系列和2.x系列:
jackson-core-2.2.3.jar 核心jar包
jackson-annotations-2.2.3.jar注解包(可选),提供注解功能
jackson-databind-2.2.3.jar 数据绑定包(可选),提供基于“对象绑定”和“树模型”相关API。
1、jackson常用功能(即将一个对象序列化为json字符串和将一串json字符串反序列化为java对象或Map):
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
//set/get方法
}
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// writeJsonObject();
// readJsonObject();
// readJsonMap();
}
// 序列化到文件
public static void writeJsonObject() {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
Person person = new Person("nomouse", 25);
try {
mapper.writeValue(new File("c:/person.json"), person);
} catch (JsonGenerationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 直接将一个json转化为对象
public static void readJsonObject() {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
Person person = mapper.readValue(new File("c:/person.json"),
Person.class);
System.out.println(person.getName() + ":" + person.getAge());
} catch (JsonParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 直接转化为map
public static void readJsonMap() {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
// 需要注意的是这里的Map实际为一个LikedHashMap,即链式哈希表,可以按照读入顺序遍历
Map map = mapper.readValue(new File("c:/person.json"), Map.class);
System.out.println(map.get("name") + ":" + map.get("age"));
} catch (JsonParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2、jackson在实际应用中给我们提供了一系列注解,提高了开发的灵活性,下面介绍一下最常用的一些注解:
• @JsonIgnoreProperties
此注解是类注解,作用是json序列化时将java bean中的一些属性忽略掉,序列化和反序列化都受影响。
• @JsonIgnore
此注解用于属性或者方法上(最好是属性上),作用和上面的@JsonIgnoreProperties一样。
• @JsonFormat
此注解用于属性或者方法上(最好是属性上),可以方便的把Date类型直接转化为我们想要的模式,比如@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH-mm-ss")
• @JsonSerialize
此注解用于属性或者getter方法上或者类上,用于在序列化时嵌入我们自定义的代码,比如序列化一个double时在其后面限制两位小数点。
public class CustomDoubleSerialize extends JsonSerializer<Double> {
private DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("##.00");
@Override
public void serialize(Double value, JsonGenerator jgen,
SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException,
JsonProcessingException {
jgen.writeString(df.format(value));
}
}
• @JsonDeserialize
此注解用于属性或者setter方法上或者类上,用于在反序列化时可以嵌入我们自定义的代码,类似于上面的@JsonSerialize
public class CustomDateDeserialize extends JsonDeserializer<Date> {
private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
@Override
public Date deserialize(JsonParser jp, DeserializationContext ctxt)
throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
Date date = null;
try {
date = sdf.parse(jp.getText());
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return date;
}
}
实例:
//表示序列化时忽略的属性
@JsonIgnoreProperties(value = { "word" })
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private boolean sex;
private Date birthday;
private String word;
private double salary;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public boolean isSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(boolean sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
// 反序列化一个固定格式的Date
@JsonDeserialize(using = CustomDateDeserialize.class)
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getWord() {
return word;
}
public void setWord(String word) {
this.word = word;
}
// 序列化指定格式的double格式
@JsonSerialize(using = CustomDoubleSerialize.class)
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Person(String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday,
String word, double salary) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.word = word;
this.salary = salary;
}
public Person() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex
+ ", birthday=" + birthday + ", word=" + word + ", salary="
+ salary + "]";
}
}
3、使用jackson格式化时间的几种方式:
方法一:mapper.setDateFormat(format);
class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Date brith;
//set、get方法
}
//测试
Public class Test {
Public static void main(String… args) {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
mapper.setDateFormat(format);
User user = new User(1,"JACK",new Date());
String outJson = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
System.out.println(outJson);
}
}
方法二:
@JsonSerialize(using = CustomDateSerializer.class)
class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Date brith;
//set、get方法
}
class CustomDateSerializer extends JsonSerializer<User> {
@Override
public void serialize(User1 value, JsonGenerator jgen,
SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException,
JsonProcessingException {
jgen.writeStartObject();
jgen.writeNumberField("id", value.getId());
jgen.writeStringField("name", value.getName());
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd");
String tr = format.format(value.getBrith());
jgen.writeStringField("brith", tr);
jgen.writeEndObject();
}
}
//测试
public class JackSonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
User1 user = new User1(1,"JACK",new Date());
String outJson = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
System.out.println(outJson);
}
}
注:在类上使用了JsonSerialize注解,如果不用注解,也可以通过下面方式完成:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
Usre user = new Usre(1, "theItem", new Date());
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
SimpleModule module = new SimpleModule();
module.addSerializer(Usre.class, new CustomDateSerializer());
mapper.registerModule(module);
String serialized = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
}
方法三:@JsonFormat注解
class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone="GMT+8")
private Date brith;
//set、get方法
}
//测试
public class JackSonTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
User2 user = new User2(1,"JACK2",new Date());
String outJson = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
System.out.println(outJson);
}
}