编写一简单的字符驱动程序,这里的设备也就是一段内存,实现简单的都写功能, 并列出常用格式的Makefile已经驱动加载和卸载脚本。
/* test_drv.c */
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#define TEST_DEVICE_NAME "test_dev"
#define BUFF_SZ 1024
//全局变量
static struct cdev test_dev;
unsigned int major = 0;
static char *data = NULL;
//读函数
static ssize_t test_read(struct file *file ,
char *buf,
size_t count,
loff_t *f_pos)
{
int len;
if (count < 0)
{
return -EINVAL;
}
len = strlen(data);
count = (len > count) ? count : len;
if (copy_to_user(buf, data, count))//将内核缓冲数据拷贝到用户空间
{
return -EFAULT;
}
return count;
}
//写函数
static ssize_t test_write(struct file *file, const char *buffer,
size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
if (count < 0)
{
return -EINVAL;
}
memset(data, 0, BUFF_SZ);
count = (BUFF_SZ > count) ? count : BUFF_SZ;
if (copy_from_user(data, buffer, count))//将用户缓冲的数据复制到内核空间
{
return -EFAULT;
}
return count;
}
//打开函数
static int test_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("This is open operation\n");
//分配并初始化缓冲区
data = (char*)kmalloc(sizeof(char) * BUFF_SZ, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!data)
{
return -ENOMEM;
}
memset(data, 0, BUFF_SZ);
return 0;
}
//关闭函数
static int test_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("This is release opertion\n");
if (data)
{
kfree(data);//释放缓冲区
data = NULL; //防止出现野指针
}
return 0;
}
//创建,初始化字符设备,并且注册到系统
static void test_setup_cdev(struct cdev *dev, int minor,
struct file_operations *fops)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(major, minor);
cdev_init(dev, fops);
dev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->ops = fops;
err = cdev_add(dev, devno, 1);
if (err)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding test %d", err, minor);
}
}
//虚拟设备的file_operations结构
static struct file_operations test_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = test_read,
.write = test_write,
.open = test_open,
.release = test_release,
};
//模块注册入口
int init_module(void)
{
int result;
dev_t dev = MKDEV(major, 0);
if (major)
{
//静态注册一个设备,设备号先前指定好,
//并设定设备名,用cat /proc/devices来察看
result = register_chrdev_region(dev, 1, TEST_DEVICE_NAME);//静态注册
}
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, 1, TEST_DEVICE_NAME);//动态注册
}
if (result < 0)
{
printk(KERN_WARNING "Test device: unable to get major %d\n", major);
return result;
}
test_setup_cdev(&test_dev, 0, &test_fops);
printk("The major of the test device is %d\n", major);
return 0;
}
//卸载模块
void cleanup_module(void)
{
cdev_del(&test_dev);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, 0), 1);
printk("Test device uninstalled\n");
}
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
Makefile文件:
ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
#内核编译路径
KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r) /build
PWD := $(shell pwd)
modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
modules_install:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) medules_install
clean:
rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions .PHONY: modules modules_install clean
else
obj-m := test_drv.o
endif
加载和卸载脚本:(当然这个可以不用,可以用insmod加载和rmmod卸载,这里列出来主要是方便创建文件节点,也就是设备文件,用到的命令:mknod)
#!/bin/sh
# 驱动模块名称
modulel="test_drv"
#设备名称,在/proc/devices中出现
device="test_dev"
#设备文件的属性
mode="664"
group="adm"
#删除已存在的设备节点
rm -f /dev/${device}
#加载驱动模块
/sbin/insmod -f ./$modulel.ko $* || exit 1
#查到创建设备的主设备号
major = $(awk "\$2=="test_dev"{print \$1}" /proc/devices)
#这里要说明的是,如果不是用动态加载设备号的话,完全可以用静态指定的设备号来创建
#如果要察看对应设备的主设备号用命令:cat /proc/devices | grep device_name
#major=$(cat /proc/devices | grep test_dev |cut -c -3)
echo $major #打印设备号
#创建设备文件节点
mknod /dev/${device} c $major 0
#设置设备文件属性
chgrp $group /dev/${device}
chmod $mode /dev/${device}
卸载驱动脚本:
#!/bin/sh
module="test_drv"
device="test_dev"
#卸载驱动模块
/sbin/rmmod $module $* || exit 1
#删除设备文件
rm -f /dev/${device}
exit 0
用户层测试程序:
/* test.c 2012-07-24 19:00 */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #define TEST_DEVICE_FILENAME "/dev/test_dev" //设备文件名 #define BUFF_SZ 1024 //缓存大小 int main() { int fd, nwrite, nread; char buff[BUFF_SZ]; //缓冲区 //打开设备文件 fd = open(TEST_DEVICE_FILENAME, O_RDWR); if (fd == -1) { perror("open"); exit(1); } do { printf("Input some words to kernel(enter 'quit' to exit):"); memset(buff, 0, BUFF_SZ); if (fgets(buff, BUFF_SZ, stdin) == NULL) { perror("fgets"); break; } buff[strlen(buff) - 1] = '\0'; if (write(fd, buff, strlen(buff)) < 0) //向设备写入数据 { perror("write"); break; } if (read(fd, buff, BUFF_SZ) < 0) //从设备读取数据 { perror("read"); break; } else { printf("The read string is from kernel:%s\n", buff); } } while(strncmp(buff, "quit", 4)); close(fd); exit(0); }