前边有2篇自定义的文章,主要是讲解如何自定义view,主要是讲如何对现有控件进行拓展,如何重写view,但是这2篇文章里面都很少有讲到如何通过canvas来绘制,今天主要介绍下Canvas。
先看一下绘制的demo。
下面先介绍下Canvas。
Canvas作为绘制图形的直接对象,提供了一下几个非常有用的方法:
1、Canvas.save();
2、Canvas.restore();
3、Canvas.translate();
4、Canvas.rotate();
5、canvas绘制点、线、图形、文字
Canvas.save()这个方法,从字面上可以理解为保存画布。他的作用就是将之前的所有已绘制的图像保存起来,让后续的操作就好像在一个新的图层上操作。
Canvas.restore()这个方法,则可以理解为Photoshop中的合并图层操作。他的作用是将我们在save()之后绘制的所有图像与save()之前的图像进行合并。
Canvas.translate()方法,应该理解为坐标系的平移,在调用translate(x,y)之后,则将原点(0,0)移动到了(x,y),之后的所有操作都将以(x,y)为原点执行。
Canvas.rotate()方法和translate一样,也是将坐标系旋转了一定的角度。rotate(15,x,y)意思就是以x,y为原点旋转15°
接下来分析下要怎么画这个图形。
1、仪表盘(大圆盘)
2、刻度线
3、刻度值
4、指针
第一步,仪表盘绘制。
//画外圆
Paint paintCircle = new Paint();
paintCircle.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
paintCircle.setAntiAlias(true);
paintCircle.setStrokeWidth(5);
canvas.drawCircle(mWidth / 2,
mHeight / 2, mWidth / 2, paintCircle);
第二步,刻度线。画刻度线的思路是这样的,每当画好一根线,就旋转响应的角度(15°),通过旋转画布——实际上是旋转了画图的坐标系,这就避免了进行复杂的三角函数运算,不需要通过三角函数运算算出每个点的坐标。第三步画刻度值的原理和其类似。看代码:
// 画刻度
Paint painDegree = new Paint();
paintCircle.setStrokeWidth(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
// 区分整点与非整点
if (i == 0 || i == 6 || i == 12 || i == 18) {
painDegree.setStrokeWidth(5);
painDegree.setTextSize(30);
canvas.drawLine(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2,
mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2 + 60,
painDegree);
// 画刻度
String degree = String.valueOf(i);
canvas.drawText(degree,
mWidth / 2 - painDegree.measureText(degree) / 2,
mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2 + 90,
painDegree);
} else {
painDegree.setStrokeWidth(3);
painDegree.setTextSize(15);
canvas.drawLine(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2,
mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2 + 30,
painDegree);
// 画刻度
String degree = String.valueOf(i);
canvas.drawText(degree,
mWidth / 2 - painDegree.measureText(degree) / 2,
mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2 + 60,
painDegree);
}
// 通过旋转画布简化坐标运算
canvas.rotate(15, mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2);
第四步,画指针。先用translate()方法将坐标原点从(0,0)移动到圆心(mWidth / 2,mHeight / 2),再画2条线就OK了。代码如下:
// 画圆心
Paint paintPointer = new Paint();
paintPointer.setStrokeWidth(30);
canvas.drawPoint(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2, paintPointer);
// 画指针
Paint paintHour = new Paint();
paintHour.setStrokeWidth(20);
Paint paintMinute = new Paint();
paintMinute.setStrokeWidth(10);
canvas.save();
canvas.translate(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2);
canvas.drawLine(0, 0, 100, 100, paintHour);
canvas.drawLine(0, 0, 100, 200, paintMinute);
canvas.restore();
总的代码如下:
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
/** * User: Picasso([email protected]) * Date: 2015-11-11 * Time: 09:23 * FIXME */
public class Clock extends View {
private int mHeight, mWidth;
public Clock(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public Clock(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
public Clock(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
// 获取宽高参数
mWidth = getMeasuredWidth();
mHeight = getMeasuredHeight();
// 画外圆
Paint paintCircle = new Paint();
paintCircle.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
paintCircle.setAntiAlias(true);
paintCircle.setStrokeWidth(5);
canvas.drawCircle(mWidth / 2,
mHeight / 2, mWidth / 2, paintCircle);
// 画刻度
Paint painDegree = new Paint();
paintCircle.setStrokeWidth(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
// 区分整点与非整点
if (i == 0 || i == 6 || i == 12 || i == 18) {
painDegree.setStrokeWidth(5);
painDegree.setTextSize(30);
canvas.drawLine(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2,
mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2 + 60,
painDegree);
//画刻度
String degree = String.valueOf(i);
canvas.drawText(degree,
mWidth / 2 - painDegree.measureText(degree) / 2,
mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2 + 90,
painDegree);
} else {
painDegree.setStrokeWidth(3);
painDegree.setTextSize(15);
canvas.drawLine(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2,
mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2 + 30,
painDegree);
String degree = String.valueOf(i);
//画刻度
canvas.drawText(degree,
mWidth / 2 - painDegree.measureText(degree) / 2,
mHeight / 2 - mWidth / 2 + 60,
painDegree);
}
// 通过旋转画布简化坐标运算
canvas.rotate(15, mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2);
}
// 画圆心
Paint paintPointer = new Paint();
paintPointer.setStrokeWidth(30);
canvas.drawPoint(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2, paintPointer);
// 画指针
Paint paintHour = new Paint();
paintHour.setStrokeWidth(20);
Paint paintMinute = new Paint();
paintMinute.setStrokeWidth(10);
canvas.save();
canvas.translate(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2);
canvas.drawLine(0, 0, 100, 100, paintHour);
canvas.drawLine(0, 0, 100, 200, paintMinute);
canvas.restore();
}
}