最新版Struts2+Hibernate+Spring整合
目前为止三大框架最新版本是:
struts2.3.16.1
hibernate4.3.4
spring4.0.2
其中struts2和hibernate的下载方式比较简单,但是spring下载有点麻烦,可以直接复制下面链接下载最新版spring
一. 所需的jar包(其中aopaliance-1.0.jar,是spring所依赖的jar,直接复制粘贴到谷歌百度就有的下载)
框架 |
版本 |
所需jar包 |
Struts2 |
2.3.16.1 |
![]() |
Hibernate |
spring |
其它 |
无 |
二. 创建一张表
CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `user_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `password` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `address` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `phone_number` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `update_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULTCHARSET=utf8; ---并插入一条数据 INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ("1', 'test','test', 'test', 'test', '2014-03-29 00:48:14', '2014-03-29 00:48:17');
四. 配置文件
1. web.xml
<!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?--> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <!-- 添加对spring的支持 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 添加对struts2的支持 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <!-- 当hibernate+spring配合使用的时候,如果设置了lazy=true,那么在读取数据的时候,当读取了父数据后, hibernate会自动关闭session,这样,当要使用子数据的时候,系统会抛出lazyinit的错误, 这时就需要使用spring提供的 OpenSessionInViewFilter,OpenSessionInViewFilter主要是保持Session状态 知道request将全部页面发送到客户端,这样就可以解决延迟加载带来的问题 --> <filter> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.do,*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 加载数据库属性配置文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" /> <!-- 数据库连接池c3p0配置 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${db.url}"></property> <property name="driverClass" value="${db.driverClassName}"></property> <property name="user" value="${db.username}"></property> <property name="password" value="${db.password}"></property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="40"></property> <property name="minPoolSize" value="1"></property> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1"></property> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="20"></property> </bean> <!-- session工厂 --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource"> <ref bean="dataSource" /> </property> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/> <!-- 自动扫描注解方式配置的hibernate类文件 --> <property name="packagesToScan"> <list> <value>com.bufoon.entity</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 配置事务通知属性 --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <!-- 定义事务传播属性 --> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="edit*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="new*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="set*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="change*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="load*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 应用普通类获取bean <bean id="appContext" class="com.soanl.util.tool.ApplicationUtil"/>--> <!-- 配置事务切面 --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="serviceOperation" expression="execution(* com.bufoon.service..*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceOperation" /> </aop:config> <!-- 自动加载构建bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.bufoon" /> </beans>
db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test db.username=root db.password=root
<!--?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?--> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="jdbc.batch_size">20</property> <property name="connection.autocommit">true</property> <!-- 显示sql语句 --> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="connection.useUnicode">true</property> <property name="connection.characterEncoding">UTF-8</property> <!-- 缓存设置 --> <property name="cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">/ehcache.xml</property> <property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory</property> <property name="cache.use_query_cache">true</property> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.7.dtd"> <struts> <!-- 配置为开发模式 --> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" /> <!-- 配置扩展名为action --> <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" /> <!-- 配置主题 --> <constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple" /> <!-- 配置上传文件大小此处默认为20M --> <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="2097152" /> <!-- 国际化编码 --> <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" /> <!-- 定位视图资源的根路径。默认值为/WEB-INF/content --> <constant value="/WEB-INF/templates" name="struts.convention.result.path" /> <!-- 指定convention扫描以xxx结尾的包 --> <constant value="action" name="struts.convention.package.locators" /> <!-- 是否将Action类转换成小写 --> <constant value="false" name="struts.convention.package.lowercase" /> <!-- 是否将actionName分割,去掉action部分,以大写字母作为分割 --> <constant name="struts.convention.action.name.separator" value="_" /> <!-- 浏览器是否缓存静态内容 ,开发阶段最好关闭--> <constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false"/> <!-- 当struts的配置文件修改后,系统是否自动重新加载该文件,默认值为false(生产环境下使用),开发阶段最好打开 --> <constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true"/> <!-- 配置使用Spring管理Action --> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"/> <!-- 让struts2始终先考虑spring的自动装箱 --> <constant name="struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect" value="true" /> <!-- 设置默认的父包 <constant value="MAIN" name="struts.convention.default.parent.package" /> <package name="MAIN" extends="struts-default" namespace="/"> </package> --> <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <interceptors> <!-- 声明一个拦截器 进行登录检查 --> <interceptor name="checkePrivilege" class="com.oa168.interceptor.CheckPrivilegeInterceptor"></interceptor> <!-- 重新定义defaultStack拦截器栈,需要先判断权限 --> <interceptor-stack name="defaultStack"> <interceptor-ref name="checkePrivilege" /> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" /> </interceptor-stack> </interceptors> <!-- 配置全局的Result --> <global-results> <result name="loginUI">/WEB-INF/jsp/userAction/loginUI.jsp</result> <result name="noPrivilegeError">/noPrivilegeError.jsp</result> </global-results> <!-- 测试用的action,当与Spring整合后,class属性写的就是Spring中bean的名称 不需要写com.oa168.test.TestAction形式 所以整合就是在Action类中加入@Controller @Scope("prototype") 并在Web.xml中加入监听器 <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value> </context-param> --> <action name="test" class="testAction"> <result name="success">/test.jsp</result> </action> <!-- 首页 --> <action name="homeAction_*" class="homeAction" method="{1}"> <result name="{1}">/WEB-INF/jsp/homeAction/{1}.jsp</result> <!-- <result name="index">/WEB-INF/jsp/homeAction/Index.jsp</result> <result name="top">/WEB-INF/jsp/homeAction/Top.jsp</result> <result name="bottom">/WEB-INF/jsp/homeAction/Bottom.jsp</result> <result name="left">/WEB-INF/jsp/homeAction/Left.jsp</result> <result name="mainFrame">/WEB-INF/jsp/homeAction/MainFrame.jsp</result> --> </action> </package> </struts>
FreeMark的配置
为了在FreeMarker模板中使用标签库,可按如下步骤进行
1.将struts-tags.tld文件复制到WEB-INF目录下
即将系统所需的标签库定义文件(*.tld文件)复制到web应用中。对于基于struts2框架的JAVA_Web应用,则需要将Struts2-core.jar包解压,取出其中的struts-tags.tld文件,并复制到web应用的WEB-INF目录下。同时所需的最少Jar包如下图
2.在web.xml文件中启动JspSupportServlet
在web.xml文件中作如下配置,如下:
<servlet> <servlet-name>JspSupportServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts2.views.JspSupportServlet</servlet-class> <!--配置JspSupportServlet自启动--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet>
此配置本人没配FreeMark一样可以,具体用处有待研究。
3. 在FreeMarker模板文件中使用“assign指令”导入标签库
导入标签库的代码如下:
<#--定义web-inf/strust-tags.tld文件对应的标签库前缀为s--> <#assigns=JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/struts-tags.tld"]/>
说明:在上面导入的标签库定义文件中,指定了标签库前缀为s,而该前缀对应的标签库定义文件主放置在/WEB-INF/struts-tags.tld路径下、
4.完毕
经过上述步骤后,即可在应用的FreeMarker模板中使用Struts2标签。在FreeMarker模板中增加了标签库定义后,就可以在FreeMarker模板中使用Struts2标签了。在FreeMarker使用标签与在jsp中使用标签略有差别.
补充说明
我们不能直接通过浏览器直接请求该页面,否则看到的不是我们想要的结果,而是该模板页面的源代码(因为WEB容器默认不会处理 FreeMarker模板页面)。
正如前面使用FreeMarker模板作为视图组件时看到的,FreeMarker作为视图组件是由Servlet负责加载该模板,并使用数据模型填充该模板,并且填充后的标准HTML响应输出给浏览者。
在Strtus2框架的支持下,Struts2框架充当了之前的Servlet角色,只要浏览者的请求经过了Struts2处理后,Struts2框架就会自动加载FreeMarker模板,并使用数据模型填充该模板,并且将最后的HTML页面输出给浏览者.。
为了让所有的用户请求都经过Struts2框架处理,我们将所有的FreeMarker模板文件放在web-inf/ftl路径下.
因为浏览者无法直接访问web-inf/ftl路径下的资源,所以我们在struts.xml配置文中增加了如下配置片段:
<action name="*"> <result type="freemarker">/WEB-INF/ftl/{1}.ftl</result> </action>
也就是把原来的Action中的result属性中type值改成“freemarker”
五. JAVA类
1.BaseDAO.java(网上找的一个)
package com.bufoon.dao; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; /** * 基础数据库操作类 * * @author ss * */ public interface BaseDAO<T> { /** * 保存一个对象 * * @param o * @return */ public Serializable save(T o); /** * 删除一个对象 * * @param o */ public void delete(T o); /** * 更新一个对象 * * @param o */ public void update(T o); /** * 保存或更新对象 * * @param o */ public void saveOrUpdate(T o); /** * 查询 * * @param hql * @return */ public List<T> find(String hql); /** * 查询集合 * * @param hql * @param param * @return */ public List<T> find(String hql, Object[] param); /** * 查询集合 * * @param hql * @param param * @return */ public List<T> find(String hql, List<Object> param); /** * 查询集合(带分页) * * @param hql * @param param * @param page * 查询第几页 * @param rows * 每页显示几条记录 * @return */ public List<T> find(String hql, Object[] param, Integer page, Integer rows); /** * 查询集合(带分页) * * @param hql * @param param * @param page * @param rows * @return */ public List<T> find(String hql, List<Object> param, Integer page, Integer rows); /** * 获得一个对象 * * @param c * 对象类型 * @param id * @return Object */ public T get(Class<T> c, Serializable id); /** * 获得一个对象 * * @param hql * @param param * @return Object */ public T get(String hql, Object[] param); /** * 获得一个对象 * * @param hql * @param param * @return */ public T get(String hql, List<Object> param); /** * select count(*) from 类 * * @param hql * @return */ public Long count(String hql); /** * select count(*) from 类 * * @param hql * @param param * @return */ public Long count(String hql, Object[] param); /** * select count(*) from 类 * * @param hql * @param param * @return */ public Long count(String hql, List<Object> param); /** * 执行HQL语句 * * @param hql * @return 响应数目 */ public Integer executeHql(String hql); /** * 执行HQL语句 * * @param hql * @param param * @return 响应数目 */ public Integer executeHql(String hql, Object[] param); /** * 执行HQL语句 * * @param hql * @param param * @return */ public Integer executeHql(String hql, List<Object> param); }
2
. BaseDAOImpl.java
package com.bufoon.dao.impl; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.bufoon.dao.BaseDAO; @Repository("baseDAO") @SuppressWarnings("all") public class BaseDAOImpl<T> implements BaseDAO<T> { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; } @Autowired public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } private Session getCurrentSession() { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); } public Serializable save(T o) { return this.getCurrentSession().save(o); } public void delete(T o) { this.getCurrentSession().delete(o); } public void update(T o) { this.getCurrentSession().update(o); } public void saveOrUpdate(T o) { this.getCurrentSession().saveOrUpdate(o); } public List<T> find(String hql) { return this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql).list(); } public List<T> find(String hql, Object[] param) { Query q = this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); if (param != null && param.length > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < param.length; i++) { q.setParameter(i, param[i]); } } return q.list(); } public List<T> find(String hql, List<Object> param) { Query q = this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); if (param != null && param.size() > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < param.size(); i++) { q.setParameter(i, param.get(i)); } } return q.list(); } public List<T> find(String hql, Object[] param, Integer page, Integer rows) { if (page == null || page < 1) { page = 1; } if (rows == null || rows < 1) { rows = 10; } Query q = this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); if (param != null && param.length > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < param.length; i++) { q.setParameter(i, param[i]); } } return q.setFirstResult((page - 1) * rows).setMaxResults(rows).list(); } public List<T> find(String hql, List<Object> param, Integer page, Integer rows) { if (page == null || page < 1) { page = 1; } if (rows == null || rows < 1) { rows = 10; } Query q = this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); if (param != null && param.size() > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < param.size(); i++) { q.setParameter(i, param.get(i)); } } return q.setFirstResult((page - 1) * rows).setMaxResults(rows).list(); } public T get(Class<T> c, Serializable id) { return (T) this.getCurrentSession().get(c, id); } public T get(String hql, Object[] param) { List<T> l = this.find(hql, param); if (l != null && l.size() > 0) { return l.get(0); } else { return null; } } public T get(String hql, List<Object> param) { List<T> l = this.find(hql, param); if (l != null && l.size() > 0) { return l.get(0); } else { return null; } } public Long count(String hql) { return (Long) this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql).uniqueResult(); } public Long count(String hql, Object[] param) { Query q = this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); if (param != null && param.length > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < param.length; i++) { q.setParameter(i, param[i]); } } return (Long) q.uniqueResult(); } public Long count(String hql, List<Object> param) { Query q = this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); if (param != null && param.size() > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < param.size(); i++) { q.setParameter(i, param.get(i)); } } return (Long) q.uniqueResult(); } public Integer executeHql(String hql) { return this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql).executeUpdate(); } public Integer executeHql(String hql, Object[] param) { Query q = this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); if (param != null && param.length > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < param.length; i++) { q.setParameter(i, param[i]); } } return q.executeUpdate(); } public Integer executeHql(String hql, List<Object> param) { Query q = this.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); if (param != null && param.size() > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < param.size(); i++) { q.setParameter(i, param.get(i)); } } return q.executeUpdate(); } }
3
. UserService.java
package com.bufoon.service.user; import java.util.List; import com.bufoon.entity.User; public interface UserService { public void saveUser(User user); public void updateUser(User user); public User findUserById(int id); public void deleteUser(User user); public List<User> findAllList(); public User findUserByNameAndPassword(String username, String password); }
4
. UserServiceImpl.java
package com.bufoon.service.user.impl; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.bufoon.dao.BaseDAO; import com.bufoon.entity.User; import com.bufoon.service.user.UserService; @Service("userService") public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Resource private BaseDAO<User> baseDAO; @Override public void saveUser(User user) { baseDAO.save(user); } @Override public void updateUser(User user) { baseDAO.update(user); } @Override public User findUserById(int id) { return baseDAO.get(User.class, id); } @Override public void deleteUser(User user) { baseDAO.delete(user); } @Override public List<User> findAllList() { return baseDAO.find(" from User u order by u.createTime"); } @Override public User findUserByNameAndPassword(String username, String password) { return baseDAO.get(" from User u where u.userName = ? and u.password = ? ", new Object[] { username, password }); } }
5
. LoginAction
package com.bufoon.action; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import com.bufoon.entity.User; import com.bufoon.service.user.UserService; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; @Controller public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Resource private UserService userService; private String username; private String password; public String login(){ HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest(); User user = userService.findUserByNameAndPassword(username, password); if (user != null) { request.setAttribute("username", username); return SUCCESS; } else { return ERROR; } } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }
6
. Util.java
package com.bufoon.util; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.io.StringWriter; import java.security.MessageDigest; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.bufoon.entity.User; import com.bufoon.service.user.UserService; import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder; /** * 通用工具类 */ public class Util { /** * 对字符串进行MD5加密 * * @param str * @return String */ public static String md5Encryption(String str) { String newStr = null; try { MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); BASE64Encoder base = new BASE64Encoder(); newStr = base.encode(md5.digest(str.getBytes("UTF-8"))); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return newStr; } /** * 判断字符串是否为空 * * @param str * 字符串 * @return true:为空; false:非空 */ public static boolean isNull(String str) { if (str != null && !str.trim().equals("")) { return false; } else { return true; } } }
1
. login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <html> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login.action" method="post"> username:<input type="text" name="username"> <br> password:<input type="password" name="password"> <br> <input type="submit" value="login"><input type="reset" value="reset"> </form>
2
. success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login.action" method="post"> username:<input type="text" name="username"> <br> password:<input type="password" name="password"> <br> <input type="submit" value="login"><input type="reset" value="reset"> </form>