史上最全系列之设备功能之短信

下面从设计短信程序设计过程来介绍一下Android手机上的短信功能。
一、短信权限
发送短信权限

< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.SEND_SMS" />

读取短信权限

< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.READ_SMS" />

写入短信权限

< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.WRITE_SMS" />

接收短信权限

< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />

二、短信广播
手机在接收到短信后会发出一条广播，如果需要对接收到的短信进行处理需要注册该广播的接收器。
三、短信存储
Android手机中的短信保存在数据库中，用ContentProvider来共享数据。数据库文件为/dbdata/databases/com.android.providers.telephony/mmssms.db，用DDMS可以查看。

表名	访问数据库的uri
版本	X1
uri	内容
content://sms/inbox	收件箱
content://sms/sent	已发送
content://sms/draft	草稿箱
content://sms/outbox	发件箱
content://sms/failed	发送失败
content://sms/queued	待发送序列

表名	数据库相关字段
版本	X1
字段名	内容
_id	一个自增字段，从1开始
thread_id	收件人编号
address	收件人手机号码
person	联系人列表里的序号，陌生人为null
date	发件日期，单位是milliseconds，从1970/01/01至今所经过的时间
protocol	协议，分为： 0 SMS_RPOTO, 1 MMS_PROTO
read	是否阅读，0未读， 1已读
status	状态，，-1接收，0 complete, 64 pending, 128失败
type	ALL= 0，INBOX  = 1，SENT   = 2，DRAFT  = 3，OUTBOX = 4，FAILED = 5，QUEUED = 6
body	短信内容
service_center	短信服务中心号码编号
subject	短信主题
reply_path_present	应答路径（TP-Reply-Path）
locked	短信是否锁定

四、获取短信
分成两种，一种是通过监听广播来获取，另外一种是直接读取数据库中的内容。下面以接收短信分别介绍一下。
1、监听广播
这种方式只有在接收到新短信时才会触发。新短信的定义为，向系统收件箱中写入短信，包括接收短信写入和人为写入短信。这种方法需要注册广播接收器，注册方法有两种，一种在xml文件中注册，另外一种是在代码中注册。
广播接收器：
Java代码

public class SMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
   @Override
   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      // TODO
   }
}

xml文件内容
添加到AndroidManifest.xml文件中

< receiver android:name=”.receiver.SMSReceiver” android:enabled=”true”>
< intent-filter >
< action android:name=”android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED” />
</ intent-filter >
</ receiver >

或者在代码中实现
广播接收器实例化

private BroadcastReceiver SMSreceiver= new BroadcastReceiver(){
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
{
if ( "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" .equals(intent.getAction()))
{
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy年MM月dd日HH:mm:ss" );
Date curDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
messagedate = formatter.format(curDate);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
// 接收由SMS传过来的数据
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
// 判断是否有数据
if (bundle != null )
{
// 通过pdus可以获得接收到的所有短信消息
Object[] objArray = (Object[]) bundle.get( "pdus" );
/* 构建短信对象array,并依据收到的对象长度来创建array的大小 */
SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[objArray.length];
for (int i = 0; i < objArray.length; i++)
{
messages<i> = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) objArray<i>);
}

/* 将送来的短信合并自定义信息于StringBuilder当中 */
for (SmsMessage currentMessage : messages)
{
sb.append( "短信来源:" );
// 获得接收短信的电话号码
sb.append(currentMessage.getDisplayOriginatingAddress());
sb.append( "\n------短信内容------\n" );
// 获得短信的内容
sb.append(currentMessage.getDisplayMessageBody());
}
}
Toast.makeText(context, sb.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
};</i></i>

注册监听器

//过滤器
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction( "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" );
//设置优先级
intentFilter.setPriority( 500 );
//注册监听器
registerReceiver(SMSreceiver, intentFilter);

2、读数据库

public String getSmsInPhone() {
final String SMS_URI_ALL = "content://sms/" ;
final String SMS_URI_INBOX = "content://sms/inbox" ;
final String SMS_URI_SEND = "content://sms/sent" ;
final String SMS_URI_DRAFT = "content://sms/draft" ;
final String SMS_URI_OUTBOX = "content://sms/outbox" ;
final String SMS_URI_FAILED = "content://sms/failed" ;
final String SMS_URI_QUEUED = "content://sms/queued" ;

StringBuilder smsBuilder = new StringBuilder();

try {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(SMS_URI_ALL);
String[] projection = new String[] { "_id" , "address" , "person" , "body" , "date" , "type" };
Cursor cur = getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null , null , "date desc" ); // 获取手机内部短信

if (cur.moveToFirst()) {
int index_Address = cur.getColumnIndex( "address" );
int index_Person = cur.getColumnIndex( "person" );
int index_Body = cur.getColumnIndex( "body" );
int index_Date = cur.getColumnIndex( "date" );
int index_Type = cur.getColumnIndex( "type" );

do {
String strAddress = cur.getString(index_Address);
int intPerson = cur.getInt(index_Person);
String strbody = cur.getString(index_Body);
long longDate = cur.getLong(index_Date);
int intType = cur.getInt(index_Type);

SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss" );
Date d = new Date(longDate);
String strDate = dateFormat.format(d);

String strType = "" ;
if (intType == 1 ) {
strType = "接收" ;
} else if (intType == 2 ) {
strType = "发送" ;
} else {
strType = "null" ;
}

smsBuilder.append( "[ " );
smsBuilder.append(strAddress + ", " );
smsBuilder.append(intPerson + ", " );
smsBuilder.append(strbody + ", " );
smsBuilder.append(strDate + ", " );
smsBuilder.append(strType);
smsBuilder.append( " ]\n\n" );
} while (cur.moveToNext());

if (!cur.isClosed()) {
cur.close();
cur = null ;
}
} else {
smsBuilder.append( "no result!" );
} // end if

smsBuilder.append( "getSmsInPhone has executed!" );

} catch (SQLiteException ex) {
Log.d( "SQLiteException in getSmsInPhone" , ex.getMessage());
}

return smsBuilder.toString();
}

代码来源：http://blog.csdn.net/sunboy_2050/article/details/7328321
上述代码涉及ContentProvider的操作，另外有相关资料介绍可从数据库端来监听短信收发，相关代码如下（http://lyp2002924.iteye.com/blog/491718）：

//如下 主要用于内部数据库改变，向外面的界面(Activity)做反应
class SMSHandler extends Handler
{
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
{
//Handle message
}
}
// 对收到短消息后，做出的处理,这里直接删除，并没有反应到界面，所以上面的handleMessage是空的。
class SMSObserver extends ContentObserver
{
private Handle m_handle = null ;
public SMSObserver(Handle handle)
{
super (handle);
m_handle = handle;
}
public void onChange( boolean bSelfChange)
{
super .onChange(bSelfChange);
//Send message to Activity
Message msg = new Message();
msg.obj = "xxxxxxxxxx" ;
m_handle.sendMessage(msg);
String strUriInbox = "content://sms/inbox" ;
Uri uriSms = Uri.parse(strUriInbox); //If you want to access all SMS, just replace the uri string to "content://sms/"
Cursor c = mContext.getContentResolver().query(uriSms, null , null , null , null );
// delete all sms here when every new sms occures.
while (c.moveToNext())
{
//Read the contents of the SMS;
for ( int i; i < c.getColumnCount(); i++)
{
String strColumnName = c.getColumnName(i);
String strColumnValue = c.getString(i);
}
//Delete the SMS
String uri = "content://sms" ;
mContext.getContentResolver().delete(Uri.parse(uri), null , null );
}
}
}
//把基本类功能性地应用起来
ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver(); // Context 环境下getContentResolver()
Handler handler = new SMSHandler();
ContentObserver m_SMSObserver = new SMSObserver(handler);
contentResolver.registerContentObserver(Uri.parse( "content://sms" ), true , m_SMSObserver);
//Register to observe SMS in outbox,we can observe SMS in other location by changing Uri string, such as inbox, sent, draft, outbox, etc.)

// some Available Uri string for sms.
/*
String strUriInbox = "content://sms/inbox";//SMS_INBOX:1
String strUriFailed = "content://sms/failed";//SMS_FAILED:2
String strUriQueued = "content://sms/queued";//SMS_QUEUED:3
String strUriSent = "content://sms/sent";//SMS_SENT:4
String strUriDraft = "content://sms/draft";//SMS_DRAFT:5
String strUriOutbox = "content://sms/outbox";//SMS_OUTBOX:6
String strUriUndelivered = "content://sms/undelivered";//SMS_UNDELIVERED
String strUriAll = "content://sms/all";//SMS_ALL
String strUriConversations = "content://sms/conversations";//you can delete one conversation by thread_id
String strUriAll = "content://sms"//you can delete one message by _id
*/

五、发送短信
有两种方法，一种是调用短信接口，另外一种是调用系统发送短信的功能
1、短信接口

//直接调用短信接口发短信
SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
String PhoneNumber= "189XXXX3456" ;
List<String> divideContents = smsManager.divideMessage(content);
for (String text : divideContents) {
smsManager.sendTextMessage(PhoneNumber, null , text, sentPI, deliverPI);
}

2、系统功能

String PhoneNumber= "smsto:10086" ;
String messagebody= "This is the message's body!"
Uri uri = Uri.parse(PhoneNumber)
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
it.putExtra( "sms_body" , messagebody);
activity.startActivity(it);

应用比较方便的是第一种方法。另外针对短信的发送状态和接收状态也可以做相应处理。
返回的发送状态处理：

String SENT_SMS_ACTION = "SENT_SMS_ACTION" ;
Intent sentIntent = new Intent(SENT_SMS_ACTION);
PendingIntent sentPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0 , sentIntent,
0 );
// register the Broadcast Receivers
context.registerReceiver( new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context _context, Intent _intent) {
switch (getResultCode()) {
case Activity.RESULT_OK:
Toast.makeText(context,
"短信发送成功" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
break ;
case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE:
break ;
case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_RADIO_OFF:
break ;
case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NULL_PDU:
break ;
}
}
}, new IntentFilter(SENT_SMS_ACTION));

返回的接收状态处理：

String DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION = "DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION" ;
// create the deilverIntent parameter
Intent deliverIntent = new Intent(DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION);
PendingIntent deliverPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0 ,
deliverIntent, 0 );
context.registerReceiver( new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context _context, Intent _intent) {
Toast.makeText(context,
"收信人已经成功接收" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
}
}, new IntentFilter(DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION));

六、代码实例
该实例代码可以显示接收到的短信，也可以发送短信并显示发送的内容。
运行效果图: