首相要想到的是如何生成一个随机的显示内容的图片
(1)利用图像的输出流来输出我们通过程序在内存中画的流。
(2)需要一个BufferedImage类了。通过这个类的getGraphics()方法,就可以生成一个Graphics类的对象,有了Graphics类的对象,我们就可以在图像数据缓冲区中画各种的图形图像了。最后画字符串的方法就是Graphics类中的drawString()方法。
(3)输出验证码的方式是通过javax.imageio.ImageWriter这个类的write()方法输出我们的图像,他的功能有点像JSP页面中用的隐式对象out的类型PrintWriter。同样也是输出内容到页面上
代码:
servlet代码:
import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Iterator; import javax.imageio.IIOImage; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.imageio.ImageTypeSpecifier; import javax.imageio.ImageWriteParam; import javax.imageio.ImageWriter; import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; public class ValidateCodeServlet extends HttpServlet { //将来存放验证码值的session的key值 public static final String VALIDATE_CODE_KEY = "ValidateCode"; //请求servlet的时的被调方法 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //设置文档的内容类型为jpeg类型, //从而在浏览的时候告知浏览器这是一个图片类型 response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); //生成验证码,保存在session中 HttpSession session = request.getSession(); //调用下面的generateString方法, //生成一个4位长的每位为0-9的随机字符串 String code = generateString(); session.setAttribute(VALIDATE_CODE_KEY, code); //生出内存图片 BufferedImage image = generateImage(code); //输出图片 outputImage(image, response.getOutputStream()); } //往页面输出的方法 private void outputImage(BufferedImage image, ServletOutputStream out) throws IOException { ImageWriter writer = null; //下面进行对图片格式的一些修改 ImageTypeSpecifier type = ImageTypeSpecifier.createFromRenderedImage(image); Iterator iter = ImageIO.getImageWriters(type, "jpg"); if (iter.hasNext()) { writer = (ImageWriter) iter.next(); } IIOImage iioImage = new IIOImage(image, null, null); ImageWriteParam param = writer.getDefaultWriteParam(); param.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_EXPLICIT); //控制图片质量,1.0最高 param.setCompressionQuality(1.0F); //创建输出流 ImageOutputStream outputStream = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(out); //将构建好的图片输出流写入到页面中 writer.setOutput(outputStream); writer.write(null, iioImage, param); } //用来生成随机字符串的方法 private String generateString() { int a = (int) (Math.random() * 10); int b = (int) (Math.random() * 10); int c = (int) (Math.random() * 10); int d = (int) (Math.random() * 10); return "" + a + b + c + d; } //生成图片的方法 private BufferedImage generateImage(String code) { //设置图片信息,宽,高,具有 8 位 RGB 颜色分量的图像 BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(100, 30, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); //得到画笔 Graphics g = image.getGraphics(); //产生背景图片 g.setColor(Color.white); //画一个矩形框 g.fillRect(1, 1, 98, 28); //添加一些干扰的线条 for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { g.setColor(generateColor()); int x1 = (int) (Math.random() * 100); int y1 = (int) (Math.random() * 30); int x2 = (int) (Math.random() * 100); int y2 = (int) (Math.random() * 30); g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2); } //画数字 //为了得到不同效果的随机字符串,这里采用一个一个字符串的画。 //这样可以使其颜色或者其他信息有所不同 g.setFont(new Font("IMPACT", Font.PLAIN, 20 + (int) (Math.random() * 10))); g.setColor(generateColor()); g.drawString(code.charAt(0) + "", 5, 28); g.setFont(new Font("IMPACT", Font.PLAIN, 20 + (int) (Math.random() * 10))); g.setColor(generateColor()); g.drawString(code.charAt(1) + "", 30, 28); g.setFont(new Font("IMPACT", Font.PLAIN, 20 + (int) (Math.random() * 10))); g.setColor(generateColor()); g.drawString(code.charAt(2) + "", 55, 28); g.setFont(new Font("IMPACT", Font.PLAIN, 20 + (int) (Math.random() * 10))); g.setColor(generateColor()); g.drawString(code.charAt(3) + "", 80, 28); return image;//返回制作好的图像 } //生成随机的颜色 private Color generateColor() { int r = (int) (Math.random() * 180); int g = (int) (Math.random() * 180); int b = (int) (Math.random() * 180); return new Color(r, g, b); } } Servlet在web.xml中的配置: <servlet> <description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description> <display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name> <servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.xawl.jsj.ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/validatecode</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
显示页面代码:
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="gb2312" %>
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function change(){
var imgcode = document.getElementByIdx("codeimg");
imgcode.src="servlet/validatecode?"+new Date();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="check.jsp" method="post" >
验证码:<img alt="" src="servlet/validatecode"> <a href="#" onclick="change();">点击更换</a> <br>
<input type="text" name="code" > <br>
<input type="submit" value="验证" > <br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
接受提交页面:
页面代码:
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="gb2312"%>
<%
String code = request.getParameter("code");
String value = session.getAttribute("ValidateCode").toString();
if(value.equals(code)){
out.println("验证码正确");
}else{
out.println("<font color=red>验证码不正确</font>");
}
%>