R语言已经广泛地应用于数据分析与文本挖掘,Facebook与Google的挖掘工具都是R语言,它较之于S-Plus与SAS具有开源等优势,具能布置于云平台下进行计算工作。与Matlab等一样,R语言也是从Linux下向Windows发展,但由于许多的R语言程序包只能在Linux下才能用,今天我特意在个人的电脑上搭建了VMware虚拟机下的Fedora14系统,进行实验。
Step1:VMware下搭建Fedora
安装VMware Station后在虚拟机的平台上安装Fedora14-i686.iso包,过程不再赘述!
具体的安装参考可见:http://blog.csdn.net/ppzlyg/article/details/4957792
安装R有两种方法,一种是取rpm包,另一种方法则是通过安装R-2-15-1.tar.gz文件。
Step 2:安装R语言环境
方法一:
1、下载R语言包(http://cran.r-project.org/bin/linux/redhat/fedora11/i386/),把目录下所有的.rpm文件都下载到一个文件夹中,如/home/libing/R下。我用的是Fedora,并且是32位机,所以选择这个。如果是64位机,则应该选择X86-64文件夹下的.rpm文件。
2、安装之前的准备工作:
R语言在安装之前,有许多的依赖包要用,所以这个步骤是用yum安装这些依赖包
a. 安装gcc g++ gfortran编译器:
yum install gcc
yum install gcc-c++
yum install gcc-gfortran
b. yum install pcre-devel
yum install tcl-devel
yum install zlib-devel
yum install bzip2-devel
yum install libX11-devel
yum install readline-devel #否则报”–with-readline=yes (default) and headers/libs are not available”错误
yum install libXt-devel #否则报”configure: error: –with-x=yes (default) and X11 headers/libs are not available”错误
yum install tk-devel
yum install tetex-latex
c. 上面准备工作已经做好了,可以开始安装R语言了:
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -ivh libRmath-2.10.0-2.fc11.i586.rpm
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -ivh libRmath-devel-2.10.0-2.fc11.i586.rpm //这两步是安装llibRmath包,直接安装,没有依赖包
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -Uvh R-core-2.10.0-2.fc11.i586.rpm //安装R-core时可能会发生错误,其Error信息如下:
warning: R-core-2.10.0-2.fc11.i586.rpm:Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 97d3544e: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libtcl8.4.so()(64bit) is needed by R-core-2.10.0-2.fc11.i586
libtk8.4.so()(64bit) is needed by R-core-2.10.0-2.fc11.i586
perl(File::Copy::Recursive) is needed by R-core-2.10.0-2.fc11.i586
--这里安装报错,说要8.4 的tcl 包,实际我们已经通过yum安装了8.5的,所以这里我们可以强制安装。
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -qa|grep tcl
tcl-devel-8.5.7-6.fc11.i586
tcl-8.5.7-6.fc11.i586
强制安装R-core:
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -Uvh R-core-2.10.0-2.fc11.i586.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: R-core-2.10.0-2.fc11.i586.rpm:Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 97d3544e: NOKEY
Preparing... ###########################################[100%]
1:R-core########################################### [100%]
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -ivh R-devel-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm //安装R-devel
[root@rac1 linux_rpm]# rpm -ivh R-2.10.0-2.el5.x86_64.rpm //最后安装R
[root@rac1 ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients canconnect from any host
[root@rac1 ~]# R
R version 2.10.0 (2009-10-26)
Copyright (C) 2009 The R Foundation forStatistical Computing
ISBN 3-900051-07-0
R is free software and comes withABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it undercertain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' fordistribution details.
Natural language support but running in an English locale
R is a collaborative project with manycontributors.
Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' foron-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browserinterface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.
>(接下来的操作与R在Windows相同)
方法二:
下载R-2-15.1.tar.gz文件,解压
tar -zvxf R-2-15.1.tar.gz //生成了一个R-2-15-1的文件夹
cd R-2-15-1
./configure
make
make install
通过这种方法,比较简单地就能安装R. 在以后的安装新包的过程中,使用指令 install.packages(“RODBC”) install.packages(“tseries”)即可矣!
Step 3:实验操作,选择一些只针对于Linux平台才能发挥作用的一些R包进行操作实验(未完待续!!!)