【LeetCode从零单刷】Kth Smallest Element in a BST

题目:

Given a binary search tree, write a function kthSmallest to find the kth smallest element in it.

Note: 
You may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ BST's total elements.

Follow up:
What if the BST is modified (insert/delete operations) often and you need to find the kth smallest frequently? How would you optimize the kthSmallest routine?

解答:

《编程之美》中有讲过类似的题目:寻找数组(未排序)中的第K大数。这里是BST,已经有顺序,更方便一些。

  1. 如果左子树数目大于等于K,那么直接找左子树中第K个;
  2. 如果左子树数目等于 K-1,那么根节点就是第K个;
  3. 如果左子树数目小于K,那么直接找右子树中第(K - leftSum - 1)个(勿忘根节点
关于左子树有多少结点?需要另一个递归程序计算。

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    int findNodeSum(TreeNode* root) {
        if (root == NULL)       return 0;
        return (findNodeSum(root->left) + findNodeSum(root->right) + 1);
    }
    
    int kthSmallest(TreeNode* root, int k) {
        int leftSum = findNodeSum(root->left);
        if (leftSum >= k)            return kthSmallest(root->left, k);
        else if (leftSum == k - 1)  return root->val;
        else
        {
            return kthSmallest(root->right,k - leftSum - 1);
        }
    }
};
题目到这儿还没完,如果BST总是在修改呢?

最好应该修改树结点的结构,增加一项属性:左子树的节点总数。这样搜索的复杂度就是 O (height)

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