linux命令--pmap

pmap - report memory mapof a process(查看进程的内存映像信息)

名称：
      pmap - report memory map of aprocess(查看进程的内存映像信息)

用法
       pmap [ -x | -d ] [ -q ] pids...
       pmap -V

选项含义
       -x  extended       Show the extendedformat. 显示扩展格式
      -d  device         Show the deviceformat.   显示设备格式
       -q  quiet          Do not display someheader/footer lines. 不显示头尾行
       -V  show version   Displays version ofprogram. 显示版本

扩展格式和设备格式域：
        Address:  start address of map  映像起始地址
        Kbytes: size of map in kilobytes  映像大小
        RSS: resident set size in kilobytes 驻留集大小
        Dirty: dirty pages (both shared and private) in kilobytes  脏页大小
        Mode: permissions on map 映像权限: r=read, w=write, x=execute, s=shared, p=private(copy on write)
        Mapping:  file backing the map , or '[ anon ]' forallocated memory, or '[ stack ]' for the program stack.  映像支持文件,[anon]为已分配内存 [stack]为程序堆栈
        Offset: offset into the file  文件偏移
        Device: device name (major:minor)  设备名

举例：

查看进程1的设备格式

[root@C44 ~]#  pmap -d 1
1:   init [5]                   
Address   Kbytes Mode Offset           Device    Mapping
00934000      88 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00005ld-2.3.4.so
0094a000       4 r---- 0000000000015000 008:00005ld-2.3.4.so
0094b000       4 rw--- 0000000000016000 008:00005ld-2.3.4.so
0094e000    1188 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00005libc-2.3.4.so
00a77000       8 r---- 0000000000129000 008:00005libc-2.3.4.so
00a79000       8 rw--- 000000000012b000 008:00005libc-2.3.4.so
00a7b000       8 rw--- 0000000000a7b000 000:00000   [ anon ]
00a85000      52 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00005libsepol.so.1
00a92000       4 rw--- 000000000000c000 008:00005libsepol.so.1
00a93000      32 rw--- 0000000000a93000 000:00000   [ anon ]
00d9d000      52 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00005libselinux.so.1
00daa000       4 rw--- 000000000000d000 008:00005libselinux.so.1
08048000      28 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00005 init
0804f000       4 rw--- 0000000000007000 008:00005 init
084e1000     132 rw--- 00000000084e1000 000:00000   [ anon ]
b7f5d000       8 rw--- 00000000b7f5d000 000:00000   [ anon ]
bffee000      72 rw--- 00000000bffee000 000:00000   [ stack ]
ffffe000       4 ----- 0000000000000000 000:00000   [ anon ]
mapped: 1700K    writeable/private: 276K    shared: 0K

最后一行的值
mapped 表示该进程映射的虚拟地址空间大小，也就是该进程预先分配的虚拟内存大小，即ps出的vsz
writeable/private  表示进程所占用的私有地址空间大小，也就是该进程实际使用的内存大小     
shared 表示进程和其他进程共享的内存大小

比较常用的方式：

循环显示进程3066的设备格式的最后1行，间隔2秒

[root@C44 ~]#  while true; do pmap -d  3066 | tail -1; sleep 2; done
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K
mapped: 5412K    writeable/private: 2028K    shared: 0K

转载自：http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/archive/2012/07/26/linux-pmap.html