vs2010和gcc4.4.7、gcc4.7.0下C++类模板的编译方法

最近我们数据采集组的采集和存储程序需要一个Stop功能，为了采集端和存储端的代码兼容，我想用C++类模板来写，在用gcc编译类模板的时候出现了问题，跟vs2010下编译方法不同，vs2010下面支持分离式编译（包含编译），但是gcc下不支持，

（1）vs2010下模板编译的3种方法：

1.模板的声明和实现均在一个头文件netKill.h,main.cpp中包含头文件使用类模板：

//netKill.h
#ifndef NETKILL_H
#define NETKILL_H
#include<set>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<fstream>
//#include<pthread.h>

template<typename T>
class NetKill{
private:
std::set<T> ids;
std::set<T> hasExitIds;

public:
void killIds();
void clearIds();
void addId(T pid);
void deleteId(T pid);//sig_child
void printIds();//for debug
};

template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::addId(T id){
	std::cout<<"add"<<std::endl;
	ids.insert(id);
}

template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::clearIds(){
	ids.clear();
	hasExitIds.clear();
}

template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::deleteId(T id){
	hasExitIds.insert(id);
}

template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::killIds(){
	std::ofstream fOut("kill.txt");
	if(!fOut)std::cout<<"open file error"<<std::endl;
	for(std::set<T>::const_iterator cit=ids.begin();cit!=ids.end();cit++){
		std::string cmdKill("kill -9 ");
		std::stringstream strm;
		strm<<*cit;
		std::string mid;
		strm>>mid;
		cmdKill+=mid;
		std::set<T>::iterator flag=hasExitIds.find(*cit);
		if(flag==hasExitIds.end()){
			fOut<<cmdKill<<std::endl;
			std::cout<<cmdKill<<std::endl;
			//system(cmdKill.c_str());
		}
	}//for
	fOut.clear();
	fOut.close();
	clearIds();
}


template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::printIds(){//for debug
	std::ofstream fOut("test.txt");
	if(!fOut)std::cout<<"open file error"<<std::endl;
	for(std::set<T>::const_iterator cit=ids.begin();cit!=ids.end();cit++)
		fOut<<*cit<<",";
	fOut<<std::endl;
	fOut.clear();
	fOut.close();
}
//#include "netKill.cpp"
#endif

//main.cpp
#include"netKill.h"
#include<cstdlib>
int main(int argc,char** argv){
	NetKill<int> nk;
	nk.addId(12034);
	//nk.deleteId(12034);
	nk.printIds();
	nk.killIds();
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

2.包含编译，将模板声明放在头文件netKill.h，模板实现放在netKill.cpp,然后在netKill.h头文件中包含netKill.cpp,但是此时不能将netKill.cpp添加到工程中，只是将netKill.cpp文件拷贝到工程的代码目录下，如下图。因为vs2010会将所有工程中cpp文件编译，但是此时netKill.cpp中没包含头文件，如果将netKill.cpp添加进工程的话，会出现找不到类模板定义。

//netKill.h
#ifndef NETKILL_H
#define NETKILL_H
#include<set>

//#include<pthread.h>

template<typename T>
class NetKill{
private:
std::set<T> ids;
std::set<T> hasExitIds;

public:
void killIds();
void clearIds();
void addId(T pid);
void deleteId(T pid);//sig_child
void printIds();//for debug
};

#include "netKill.cpp"

#endif

//netKill.cpp
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<fstream>

template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::addId(T id){
	std::cout<<"add"<<std::endl;
	ids.insert(id);
}
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::clearIds(){
	ids.clear();
	hasExitIds.clear();
}
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::deleteId(T id){
	hasExitIds.insert(id);
}

template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::killIds(){
	std::ofstream fOut("kill.txt");
	if(!fOut)std::cout<<"open file error"<<std::endl;
	for(std::set<T>::const_iterator cit=ids.begin();cit!=ids.end();cit++){
		std::string cmdKill("kill -9 ");
		std::stringstream strm;
		strm<<*cit;
		std::string mid;
		strm>>mid;
		cmdKill+=mid;
		std::set<T>::iterator flag=hasExitIds.find(*cit);
		if(flag==hasExitIds.end()){
			fOut<<cmdKill<<std::endl;
			std::cout<<cmdKill<<std::endl;
			//system(cmdKill.c_str());
		}
	}//for
	fOut.clear();
	fOut.close();
	clearIds();
}
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::printIds(){//for debug
	std::ofstream fOut("test.txt");
	if(!fOut)std::cout<<"open file error"<<std::endl;
	for(std::set<T>::const_iterator cit=ids.begin();cit!=ids.end();cit++)
		fOut<<*cit<<",";
	fOut<<std::endl;
	fOut.clear();
	fOut.close();
}

3.可以将netKill.cpp放进vs2010的工程中，不过得在netKill.cpp中添加预编译宏并且include netKill.h，netKill.cpp如下，netKill.h和main.cpp同上。

#ifndef NETKILL_CPP
#define NETKILL_CPP
#include"netKill.h"
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<fstream>

template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::addId(T id){
	std::cout<<"add"<<std::endl;
	ids.insert(id);
}
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::clearIds(){
	ids.clear();
	hasExitIds.clear();
}
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::deleteId(T id){
	hasExitIds.insert(id);
}

template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::killIds(){
	std::ofstream fOut("kill.txt");
	if(!fOut)std::cout<<"open file error"<<std::endl;
	for(std::set<T>::const_iterator cit=ids.begin();cit!=ids.end();cit++){
		std::string cmdKill("kill -9 ");
		std::stringstream strm;
		strm<<*cit;
		std::string mid;
		strm>>mid;
		cmdKill+=mid;
		std::set<T>::iterator flag=hasExitIds.find(*cit);
		if(flag==hasExitIds.end()){
			fOut<<cmdKill<<std::endl;
			std::cout<<cmdKill<<std::endl;
			//system(cmdKill.c_str());
		}
	}//for
	fOut.clear();
	fOut.close();
	clearIds();
}
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::printIds(){//for debug
	std::ofstream fOut("test.txt");
	if(!fOut)std::cout<<"open file error"<<std::endl;
	for(std::set<T>::const_iterator cit=ids.begin();cit!=ids.end();cit++)
		fOut<<*cit<<",";
	fOut<<std::endl;
	fOut.clear();
	fOut.close();
}
#endif

（2）linux下gcc4.4.7不支持分离式编译，即需要将类模板的声明和定义均放在netKill.h头文件中， 并且需要将用到类模板的类型形参前面加上typename

#ifndef NETKILL_H
#define NETKILL_H
#include<set>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<fstream>
//#include<pthread.h>

template<typename T>
class NetKill{
private:
typename std::set<T> ids;
typename std::set<T> hasExitIds;//because in function sig_child,need to flag the pid has exit
			//and if only pids,multithread will affect the iterator in loop
public:
void killIds();
void clearIds();
void addId(T pid);
void deleteId(T pid);//sig_child
void printIds();//for debug
};

//#include "netKill.cpp"
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::addId(T id){
	std::cout<<"add"<<std::endl;
	ids.insert(id);
}
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::clearIds(){
	ids.clear();
	hasExitIds.clear();
}
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::deleteId(T id){
	hasExitIds.insert(id);
}

template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::killIds(){
	std::ofstream fOut("kill.txt");
	if(!fOut)std::cout<<"open file error"<<std::endl;
	for(typename std::set<T>::const_iterator cit=ids.begin();cit!=ids.end();cit++){
		std::string cmdKill("kill -9 ");
		std::stringstream strm;
		strm<<*cit;
		std::string mid;
		strm>>mid;
		cmdKill+=mid;
		typename std::set<T>::iterator flag=hasExitIds.find(*cit);
		if(flag==hasExitIds.end()){
			fOut<<cmdKill<<std::endl;
			std::cout<<cmdKill<<std::endl;
			//system(cmdKill.c_str());
		}
	}//for
	fOut.clear();
	fOut.close();
	clearIds();
}
template<typename T>
void NetKill<T>::printIds(){//for debug
	std::ofstream fOut("test.txt");
	if(!fOut)std::cout<<"open file error"<<std::endl;
	for(typename std::set<T>::const_iterator cit=ids.begin();cit!=ids.end();cit++)
		fOut<<*cit<<",";
	fOut<<std::endl;
	fOut.clear();
	fOut.close();
}
#endif

编译：

[root@2467 workspace]# vim netKill.h 
[root@2467 workspace]# g++ main.cpp -std=c++0x -o main
[root@2467 workspace]# ./main 
add
kill -9 12034