C#读写Access数据库、表格datagridview窗体显示代码实例
最近项目中用到C#对于Access数据库表读写.mdb操作,学习了下相关的东西,这里先整理C#对于Access数据库的操作,对于MySQL和Oracle数据库的操作放到后面再写。
Access是微软数据库编辑软件,其生成的数据库文件为.mdb或.accdb,因此在Visual Studio里不像操纵MySQL那样需要使用mysql数据库驱动,系统库里有关于操纵数据库的几个类。说下其中几个主要用到的类:
System.Data;
System.Data.OleDb;
System.Data.Odbc;
System.Data.SqlClient;
先简单说下C#对于Access数据库的几个基本操作原理:
C#操作Access连接字符串
String connectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; Data Source=mydata.mdb";
C#操作Access建立连接
OleDbConnection connection = new OleDbConnection(connectionString);
C#操作Access使用OleDbCommand类执行Sql语句
OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, connection);
connection.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
[1]连接Access数据库
OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; Data Source=" + Application.StartupPath + "\\mydata.mdb");
[2]连接SQL Server2000数据库
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("server=.; uid=admin; pwd=123456; database=mydata");
[3]受信任的SQL Server2000数据库
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("workstation id=localhost; Integrated Security=SSPI; database=mydata");
[4]ASP中链接SQL Server/Access数据库:(网页)
(SQL Server):
conn.connectionstring = "driver={sql server}; server=(local); uid=admin; pwd=123456; database=mydata"
(Access):
conn.connectionstring = "Driver={Microsoft Access Driver(*.mdb)}; DBQ=" & Server.Mappath("mydata.mdb")
!!!注意:→在asp中,语句结束不需要" ; "
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//创建.mdb,注意参数path是.mdb的完整路径(不包含表的名称) //C#的ADO.NET不能通过编程方式创建新的ACCESS(MDB)数据库,所以只能用COM的链接库的ADOX操作 public static bool CreateMdbDatabase(string path) { try { ADOX.CatalogClass cat = new ADOX.CatalogClass(); cat.Create("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; Data Source=" + path + ";"); cat = null; return true; } catch { return false; } }
Sql插入数据库操作,一次只能插入一条记录,多条记录插入只能通过"循环"实现,效率不高;
或者要么更快地就是开启事务(保证数据一致性)→循环插入→最后数据再一起导入。
【实例】在Form上创建一个textbox和一个button,点击button把textbox中的数据写入到access数据库中。
1.首先创建一个空Access数据库datainput.mdb并写入相应字段:
2.读写数据库时应当将数据库关闭,再运行程序进行写操作
using System.Data.Oledb; private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { foreach (IACell cell in m_DistributedCells) { //把cell.FrequencyBand、cell.UlFrequency、cell.DlFrequency全部写入数据库表.mdb里去 //string sql_0 = "insert into table (column1,column2) values('" + textbox.Text + "','" + textbox.Text +"')"; //构造sql语句 string sql = ""; if (cell.ChannelIndex == 1) { sql = "insert into datawrite(ChannelIndex, BandWidth, StartChIndex, EndChIndex, ExcludedChannels, UlFrequency, DlFrequency, ACIR) values('" + 1 + "','" + 20 + "','" + 0 + "','" + 1 + "','" + 1 + "','" + 2402 + "','" + 2422 + "','" + 0 + "')"; } else if (cell.ChannelIndex == 6) { sql = "insert into datawrite(ChannelIndex, BandWidth, StartChIndex, EndChIndex, ExcludedChannels, UlFrequency, DlFrequency, ACIR) values('" + 6 + "','" + 20 + "','" + 5 + "','" + 6 + "','" + 6 + "','" + 2427 + "','" + 2447 + "','" + 0 + "')"; } else if (cell.ChannelIndex == 11) { sql = "insert into datawrite(ChannelIndex, BandWidth, StartChIndex, EndChIndex, ExcludedChannels, UlFrequency, DlFrequency, ACIR) values('" + 11 + "','" + 20 + "','" + 10 + "','" + 11 + "','" + 11 + "','" + 2452 + "','" + 2472 + "','" + 0 + "')"; } //access数据库路径,注意一定是双斜杠\\,否则会被当成转义字符! string dbpath = "D:\\data\\datainput.mdb"; //定义数据库连接对象 OleDbConnection con = new OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; Data Source=" + dbpath); OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, con); //定义Command对象 con.Open(); //打开数据库连接 cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); //执行Command命令 con.Close(); //关闭数据库连接 } }运行程序,点击 button 后(断点只循环 1 次),再次打开刚才的数据库表,此时表里已插入 1 条记录。
【实例】将现有Access数据库表格内的数据以datagridview的形式显示在C#窗体中。
1.现有的数据库,50条记录。
2.代码
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Data.OleDb; //主要是这个东西,其实已经包含在System.Data类里了,这里特别提出来注明下 namespace text01 { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); OleDbConnection thisConnection = new OleDbConnection(@"provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=D:\dataread.mdb"); string sql = "select * from dataread"; OleDbDataAdapter thisAdapter = new OleDbDataAdapter(sql, thisConnection); System.Data.DataSet thisDataSet = new System.Data.DataSet(); thisAdapter.Fill(thisDataSet, "table"); DataTable dt = thisDataSet.Tables["table"]; this.dataGridView1.DataSource = dt; thisConnection.Close(); } } }
效果图: