hive的基本用法:
(1)help命令
hadoop@hadoop-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Y470:~$ <span style="background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192);">hive --help</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">//help选项</span> Usage ./hive <parameters> --service serviceName <service parameters> <span style="color:#FF0000;">Service List: beeline cli help hiveserver2 hiveserver hwi jar lineage metastore metatool orcfiledump rcfilecat schemaTool</span>//可用的服务 Parameters parsed: --auxpath : Auxillary jars --config : Hive configuration directory --service : Starts specific service/component. cli is default Parameters used: HADOOP_HOME or HADOOP_PREFIX : Hadoop install directory HIVE_OPT : Hive options For help on a particular service: <span style="color:#FF0000;">./hive --service serviceName --help//service帮助</span> Debug help: ./hive --debug --help
---------service serviceName --help例子:
<span style="background-color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">hive --service cli --help</span> usage: hive -d,--define <key=value> Variable subsitution to apply to hive commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B --database <databasename> Specify the database to use -e <quoted-query-string> SQL from command line -f <filename> SQL from files -H,--help Print help information -h <hostname> connecting to Hive Server on remote host --hiveconf <property=value> Use value for given property --hivevar <key=value> Variable subsitution to apply to hive commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B -i <filename> Initialization SQL file -p <port> connecting to Hive Server on port number -S,--silent Silent mode in interactive shell -v,--verbose Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the console)
(2)变量的命名空间:
1.hivevar(用户变量设置的地方) 2.hiveconf 3.system 可读可写 4.env 只读
2-1变量的生命:
set hivevar:变量名=值例子:
set hivevar:zhu=ming; create table test( ${hivevar:zhu} string ); describe test; drop table test;
hive -e ”select * from test;select * from test1“ >>/home/hadoop/out进行两次查询,并将输出结果重定向
(3)hive中的查询方式:
3-1:从文件中载入命令查询:
方法一: hive -f /home/hadoop/test.hql 方法二(在hive的cli中): source /home/hadoop/test.hql3-2:加载数据:
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/testdata' into table test;
hive --service cli -i//使用-i参数的时候,hive会自动在”/home/用户名/.hiverc"文件 并执行其中的命令
4-1:在cli中使用shell命令:
<span style="color:#FF0000;">!</span> pwd4-2:在cli中执行hadoop命令:
dfs -ls /