Android210 uboot 调试
目录
1.编译配置
2.u-boot.lds连接配置文件
3.Stage1之start.S
4.Stage2之入口start_armboot
1.编译配置
编译前先进行配置：make smdkv210single_config
其中，Makefile中make smdkv210single_config为：
这里使用了Makefile中的替换引用规则，类似常看到的例子 obj=$(srcfiles:%.c=%.o): 由.c得到对应的.o文件.smdkv210single_config : unconfig @$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm s5pc11x smdkc110 samsung s5pc110 @echo "TEXT_BASE = 0xc3e00000" > $(obj)board/samsung/smdkc110/config.mk
这里是一样的道理: $(@:_config=) ，@代表的是target smdkv210single_config， 那么$(@:_config=)就是将smdkv210single_config中的_config替换为空，
即得到smdkv210single。
这里$(@:_config=) arm s5pc11x smdkc110 samsung s5pc110都是mkconfig（即@$(MKCONFIG)）的参数，mkconfig即根目录下的脚本文件。
执行这句命令后，在include/下生成config.mk和config.h。并且Makefile包含这个config.mk。
config.mk文件：
它指定里CPU架构，CPU型号，板子型号，CPU厂商，SOC？？（母鸡啦）ARCH = arm CPU = s5pc11x BOARD = smdkc110 VENDOR = samsung SOC = s5pc110
可以根据上面的这个信息找到对应的代码。比如说CPU代码在cpu/s5pc11x下，板子代码在board/samsung/smdkc110下。
2. u-boot.lds连接配置文件
对于.lds文件，它定义了整个程序编译之后的连接过程，决定了一个可执行程序的各个段的存储位置。u-boot.lds如何指定连接过程？首先它被根目录下config.mk引用，定义如下：LDSCRIPT := $(TOPDIR)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds。根据这个路径，对于Android210而言，可以找到这个文件位于：board/samsung/smdkc110/u-boot.lds。其次，LDSCRIPT这个变量何时被用到？同样在config.mk中，可以找到：
LDFLAGS += -Bstatic -T $(LDSCRIPT) $(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS)
ifneq ($(TEXT_BASE),)
LDFLAGS += -Ttext $(TEXT_BASE)
endif
-T 参数指定生成可执行文件时ld连接器如何连接，TEXT_BASE是在make smdkv210single_config时写到board/samsung/smdkc110/config.mk中的，值为0xc3e00000。
/* * (C) Copyright 2002 * Gary Jennejohn, DENX Software Engineering, <[email protected]> * * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this * project. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of * the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, * MA 02111-1307 USA */ OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littlearm", "elf32-littlearm", "elf32-littlearm");指定输出可执行文件是elf格式,32位ARM指令,小端 /*OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-arm", "elf32-arm", "elf32-arm")*/ OUTPUT_ARCH(arm);指定输出可执行文件的平台为ARM ENTRY(_start);指定输出可执行文件的起始代码段为_start SECTIONS { . = 0x00000000; ;从0x0位置开始 . = ALIGN(4); ;代码以4字节对齐 .text : ;指定代码段 { cpu/s5pc11x/start.o (.text) cpu/s5pc11x/s5pc110/cpu_init.o (.text) board/samsung/smdkc110/lowlevel_init.o (.text) cpu/s5pc11x/onenand_cp.o (.text) cpu/s5pc11x/nand_cp.o (.text) cpu/s5pc11x/movi.o (.text) board/samsung/smdkc110/flash.o (.text) common/secure.o (.text) common/ace_sha1.o (.text) cpu/s5pc11x/pmic.o (.text) *(.text) } . = ALIGN(4); .rodata : { *(.rodata) } ;指定只读数据段 . = ALIGN(4); .data : { *(.data) } ;指定读/写数据段 . = ALIGN(4); .got : { *(.got) } ;指定got段, got段式是uboot自定义的一个段, 非标准段 __u_boot_cmd_start = .; ;把__u_boot_cmd_start赋值为当前位置, 即起始位置 .u_boot_cmd : { *(.u_boot_cmd) } ;指定u_boot_cmd段, uboot把所有的uboot命令放在该段 __u_boot_cmd_end = .; ;把__u_boot_cmd_end赋值为当前位置,即结束位置 . = ALIGN(4); .mmudata : { *(.mmudata) } ;内存管理单元数据段 . = ALIGN(4); __bss_start = .; ;把__bss_start赋值为当前位置,即bss段的开始位置 .bss : { *(.bss) } ;指定bss段 _end = .; ;把_end赋值为当前位置,即bss段的结束位置 }
3.Stage1之start.S
uboot是典型的bootloader之一，大多数bootloader都分为stage1和stage2两部分，u-boot也不例外。依赖于CPU体系结构的代码（如设备初始化代码等）通常都放在stage1且可以用汇编语言来实现，而stage2则通常用C语言来实现，这样可以实现复杂的功能，而且有更好的可读性和移植性。u-boot的Stage1代码通常放在start.S文件中，他用汇编语言写成，其主要代码部分如下：
（1）定义入口。由于一个可执行的Image必须有一个入口点，并且只能有一个全局入口，通常这个入口放在ROM（Flash）的0x00000000地址，因此，必须通知编译器以使其知道这个入口，该工作可通过修改连接器脚本来完成。
（2）设置异常向量（Exception Vector）。
（3）设置CPU的速度、时钟频率及终端控制寄存器。
（4）初始化内存控制器。
（5）将ROM中的程序复制到RAM中。
（6）初始化堆栈。
（7）转到RAM中执行，该工作可使用指令ldr pc来完成。
根据config.mk中CPU的信息，找到对应的cpu目录为cpu/s5pc11x。首先看cpu/s5pc11x/start.S：
其中代码解释引自：http://www.cnblogs.com/Efronc/archive/2012/02/28/2371662.html
/*
* armboot - Startup Code for S5PC110/ARM-Cortex CPU-core
*
* Copyright (c) 2009 Samsung Electronics
*
*
* See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
* project.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
* MA 02111-1307 USA
*
* Base codes by scsuh (sc.suh)
*/
#include <config.h>
#include <version.h>
#if defined(CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU)
#include <asm/proc/domain.h>
#endif
#include <regs.h>
#ifndef CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU
#ifndef CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE
#define CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE CFG_UBOOT_BASE
#endif
#endif
/*
*************************************************************************
*
* Jump vector table as in table 3.1 in [1]
*
*************************************************************************
*/
#if defined(CONFIG_EVT1) && !defined(CONFIG_FUSED) //阶段启动相关配置
.word 0x2000
.word 0x0
.word 0x0
.word 0x0
#endif
.globl _start
_start: b reset //复位入口，此处使用b指令为相对调整，不依赖运行地址
ldr pc, _undefined_instruction //以下进入异常处理函数
ldr pc, _software_interrupt
ldr pc, _prefetch_abort
ldr pc, _data_abort
ldr pc, _not_used
ldr pc, _irq
ldr pc, _fiq
_undefined_instruction: //定义异常处理函数地址
.word undefined_instruction
_software_interrupt:
.word software_interrupt
_prefetch_abort:
.word prefetch_abort
_data_abort:
.word data_abort
_not_used:
.word not_used
_irq:
.word irq
_fiq:
.word fiq
_pad:
.word 0x12345678 /* now 16*4=64 */ //保证16字节对齐
.global _end_vect
_end_vect:
.balignl 16,0xdeadbeef //同样是保证16字节对齐，详见.align实验文章
/*
*************************************************************************
*
* Startup Code (reset vector) 启动代码（复位向量）此处仅进行重要的初始化操作，搬移代码和建立堆栈
*
* do important init only if we don't start from memory!
* setup Memory and board specific bits prior to relocation.
* relocate armboot to ram
* setup stack
*
*************************************************************************
*/
_TEXT_BASE:
.word TEXT_BASE //TEST_BASE为根目录下Makefile传递进来的参数，具体为0xc3e00000
/*
* Below variable is very important because we use MMU in U-Boot.
* Without it, we cannot run code correctly before MMU is ON.
* by scsuh. //下面的代码非常重要，因为我们使用了MMU，没有这段代码，在MMC开启前我们将不能正确的运行代码
*/
_TEXT_PHY_BASE:
.word CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE //由dram的物理地址0x20000000加上0x3e00000而得，即0x23e00000.这个地址为MMU开启前的物理地址
.globl _armboot_start
_armboot_start:
.word _start //复位地址，具体为0xc3e00010
/*
* These are defined in the board-specific linker script.
*/
.globl _bss_start
_bss_start:
.word __bss_start //__bss_start在链接脚本文件中的bss段开始，_end在bss段结尾，用于清零bss端，这两个值在链接时才确定
.globl _bss_end
_bss_end:
.word _end
#if defined(CONFIG_USE_IRQ) //如果使用中断，定义中断栈地址
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */
.globl IRQ_STACK_START
IRQ_STACK_START:
.word 0x0badc0de
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */
.globl FIQ_STACK_START
FIQ_STACK_START:
.word 0x0badc0de
#endif
/*
* the actual reset code
*/
reset:
/*
* set the cpu to SVC32 mode and IRQ & FIQ disable
*/
@;mrs r0,cpsr
@;bic r0,r0,#0x1f
@;orr r0,r0,#0xd3
@;msr cpsr,r0
msr cpsr_c, #0xd3 @ I & F disable, Mode: 0x13 - SVC //进入svc模式，中断禁止
/*
*************************************************************************
*
* CPU_init_critical registers
*
* setup important registers
* setup memory timing
*
*************************************************************************
*/
/*
* we do sys-critical inits only at reboot, //仅在关键初始化时执行，而不是在从ram复位时执行
* not when booting from ram!
*/
cpu_init_crit:
#ifndef CONFIG_EVT1
#if 0
bl v7_flush_dcache_all
#else
bl disable_l2cache //禁止l2cache
mov r0, #0x0 @
mov r1, #0x0 @ i
mov r3, #0x0
mov r4, #0x0
lp1:
mov r2, #0x0 @ j
lp2:
mov r3, r1, LSL #29 @ r3 = r1(i) <<29
mov r4, r2, LSL #6 @ r4 = r2(j) <<6
orr r4, r4, #0x2 @ r3 = (i<<29)|(j<<6)|(1<<1)
orr r3, r3, r4
mov r0, r3 @ r0 = r3
bl CoInvalidateDCacheIndex //清除数据缓存 8 * 1024
add r2, #0x1 @ r2(j)++
cmp r2, #1024 @ r2 < 1024
bne lp2 @ jump to lp2
add r1, #0x1 @ r1(i)++
cmp r1, #8 @ r1(i) < 8
bne lp1 @ jump to lp1
bl set_l2cache_auxctrl //锁定l2cache
bl enable_l2cache //使能l2cache地址对齐
#endif
#endif
bl disable_l2cache //禁止l2cache
bl set_l2cache_auxctrl_cycle //锁定l2cache
bl enable_l2cache //使能l2cache
/*
* Invalidate L1 I/D
*/
mov r0, #0 @ set up for MCR
mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0 @ invalidate TLBs //禁止TLB
mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 0 @ invalidate icache //禁止指令缓存
/*
* disable MMU stuff and caches
*/
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
bic r0, r0, #0x00002000 @ clear bits 13 (--V-)
bic r0, r0, #0x00000007 @ clear bits 2:0 (-CAM)
orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 @ set bit 1 (--A-) Align
orr r0, r0, #0x00000800 @ set bit 12 (Z---) BTB
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 //禁止MMC和cache
/* Read booting information */
ldr r0, =PRO_ID_BASE
ldr r1, [r0,#OMR_OFFSET]
bic r2, r1, #0xffffffc1 //读取启动信息
#ifdef CONFIG_VOGUES
/* PS_HOLD(GPH0_0) set to output high */
ldr r0, =ELFIN_GPIO_BASE
ldr r1, =0x00000001
str r1, [r0, #GPH0CON_OFFSET]
ldr r1, =0x5500
str r1, [r0, #GPH0PUD_OFFSET]
ldr r1, =0x01
str r1, [r0, #GPH0DAT_OFFSET]
#endif
/* NAND BOOT */
cmp r2, #0x0 @ 512B 4-cycle //识别各种启动方式，并将识别到的启动识别码写入R3中
moveq r3, #BOOT_NAND
cmp r2, #0x2 @ 2KB 5-cycle
moveq r3, #BOOT_NAND
cmp r2, #0x4 @ 4KB 5-cycle 8-bit ECC
moveq r3, #BOOT_NAND
cmp r2, #0x6 @ 4KB 5-cycle 16-bit ECC
moveq r3, #BOOT_NAND
cmp r2, #0x8 @ OneNAND Mux
moveq r3, #BOOT_ONENAND
/* SD/MMC BOOT */
cmp r2, #0xc
moveq r3, #BOOT_MMCSD
/* NOR BOOT */
cmp r2, #0x14
moveq r3, #BOOT_NOR
#if 0 /* Android C110 BSP uses OneNAND booting! */
/* For second device booting */
/* OneNAND BOOTONG failed */
cmp r2, #0x8
moveq r3, #BOOT_SEC_DEV
#endif
/* Uart BOOTONG failed */
cmp r2, #(0x1<<4)
moveq r3, #BOOT_SEC_DEV
ldr r0, =INF_REG_BASE
str r3, [r0, #INF_REG3_OFFSET] //将启动标识码写入INF_REG3中
/*
* Go setup Memory and board specific bits prior to relocation. //重定位前初始化存储器和板特殊位
*/
ldr sp, =0xd0036000 /* end of sram dedicated to u-boot */ //分配给u-boot的sram的结尾 sram为0xd0020000-d003ffff 分配大小为90k
sub sp, sp, #12 /* set stack */
mov fp, #0
bl lowlevel_init /* go setup pll,mux,memory */ //调用lowlevel_init函数初始化pll memory等与板子相关的内容 函数位于board目录下
/* To hold max8698 output before releasing power on switch,
* set PS_HOLD signal to high
*/
ldr r0, =0xE010E81C /* PS_HOLD_CONTROL register */ //PS_HOLD输出高电平，PS_HOLD使能。PMIC相关
ldr r1, =0x00005301 /* PS_HOLD output high */
str r1, [r0]
/* get ready to call C functions */
ldr sp, _TEXT_PHY_BASE /* setup temp stack pointer */ //建立临时栈指针，内容为0x23e00000
sub sp, sp, #12
mov fp, #0 /* no previous frame, so fp=0 */
/* when we already run in ram, we don't need to relocate U-Boot.
* and actually, memory controller must be configured before U-Boot //如果程序已经在ram中运行，我们不需要重新定位u-boot。
* is running in ram. //实际上存储器一定在u-boot在ram中运行前被初始化了
*/
ldr r0, =0xff000fff
bic r1, pc, r0 /* r0 <- current base addr of code */ //r1=当前PC
ldr r2, _TEXT_BASE /* r1 <- original base addr in ram */
bic r2, r2, r0 /* r0 <- current base addr of code */ //r2=定位后运行地址
cmp r1, r2 /* compare r0, r1 */
beq after_copy /* r0 == r1 then skip flash copy */ //如果r1=r2，跳过复制部分
#if defined(CONFIG_EVT1)
/* If BL1 was copied from SD/MMC CH2 */
ldr r0, =0xD0037488
ldr r1, [r0] //取0xd0037488地址的值
ldr r2, =0xEB200000
cmp r1, r2
beq mmcsd_boot //如果等于0xEB200000,跳转到mmcsd_boot
#endif
ldr r0, =INF_REG_BASE //读取存储的INF_REG3中的启动类型
ldr r1, [r0, #INF_REG3_OFFSET]
cmp r1, #BOOT_NAND /* 0x0 => boot device is nand */
beq nand_boot
cmp r1, #BOOT_ONENAND /* 0x1 => boot device is onenand */
beq onenand_boot
cmp r1, #BOOT_MMCSD
beq mmcsd_boot
cmp r1, #BOOT_NOR
beq nor_boot
cmp r1, #BOOT_SEC_DEV
beq mmcsd_boot
nand_boot:
mov r0, #0x1000 //以下函数实现代码的搬移
bl copy_from_nand
b after_copy
onenand_boot:
bl onenand_bl2_copy
b after_copy
mmcsd_boot:
#if DELETE
ldr sp, _TEXT_PHY_BASE
sub sp, sp, #12
mov fp, #0
#endif
bl movi_bl2_copy
b after_copy
nor_boot:
bl read_hword
b after_copy
after_copy:
#if defined(CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU)
enable_mmu:
/* enable domain access */
ldr r5, =0x0000ffff //定义使能域的访问权限
mcr p15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0 @load domain access register
/* Set the TTB register */
ldr r0, _mmu_table_base
ldr r1, =CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE
ldr r2, =0xfff00000
bic r0, r0, r2
orr r1, r0, r1
mcr p15, 0, r1, c2, c0, 0 //将MMU启用前的的mmu_table_base转成sdram中的地址，并写入cp15的c2中
/* Enable the MMU */
mmu_on:
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 //启用mmu
orr r0, r0, #1
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
nop
nop
nop
nop
#endif
skip_hw_init:
/* Set up the stack */
stack_setup:
#if defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_UPPER_CODE)
ldr sp, =(CFG_UBOOT_BASE + CFG_UBOOT_SIZE - 0x1000)
#else
ldr r0, _TEXT_BASE /* upper 128 KiB: relocated uboot */
sub r0, r0, #CFG_MALLOC_LEN /* malloc area */
sub r0, r0, #CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE /* bdinfo */
#if defined(CONFIG_USE_IRQ)
sub r0, r0, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE_IRQ+CONFIG_STACKSIZE_FIQ)
#endif
sub sp, r0, #12 /* leave 3 words for abort-stack */ //为取址终止异常预留3个字空间
#endif
clear_bss:
ldr r0, _bss_start /* find start of bss segment */
ldr r1, _bss_end /* stop here */
mov r2, #0x00000000 /* clear */
clbss_l:
str r2, [r0] /* clear loop... */ //清除bss端内存
add r0, r0, #4
cmp r0, r1
ble clbss_l
ldr pc, _start_armboot
_start_armboot: //第一阶段结束，进入c程序阶段
.word start_armboot
#if defined(CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU)
_mmu_table_base:
.word mmu_table
#endif
/*
* copy U-Boot to SDRAM and jump to ram (from NAND or OneNAND)
* r0: size to be compared
* Load 1'st 2blocks to RAM because U-boot's size is larger than 1block(128k) size
*/
.globl copy_from_nand
copy_from_nand:
push {lr} /* save return address */
mov r9, r0
mov r9, #0x100 /* Compare about 8KB */
bl copy_uboot_to_ram //从nandflash中读取512k到0x23e00000中
tst r0, #0x0
bne copy_failed
#if defined(CONFIG_EVT1)
ldr r0, =0xd0020000 //iram的起始地址
#else
ldr r0, =0xd0030000 //iram的中间地址
#endif
ldr r1, _TEXT_PHY_BASE /* 0x23e00000 */
1: ldr r3, [r0], #4 //取r0+4地址的值到r3中
ldr r4, [r1], #4 //取r1+4地址的值到r4中
teq r3, r4
bne compare_failed /* not matched */ //如果r3和r4不相等，比较失败
subs r9, r9, #4
bne 1b
pop {pc} /* all is OK */ //复制成功，返回
copy_failed:
nop /* copy from nand failed */
b copy_failed
compare_failed:
nop /* compare failed */
b compare_failed
/*
* we assume that cache operation is done before. (eg. cleanup_before_linux())
* actually, we don't need to do anything about cache if not use d-cache in U-Boot
* So, in this function we clean only MMU. by scsuh
*
* void theLastJump(void *kernel, int arch_num, uint boot_params);
*/
#if defined(CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU)
.globl theLastJump
theLastJump:
mov r9, r0 //保存内核地址
ldr r3, =0xfff00000
ldr r4, _TEXT_PHY_BASE
adr r5, phy_last_jump
bic r5, r5, r3
orr r5, r5, r4
mov pc, r5
phy_last_jump:
/*
* disable MMU stuff //关闭MMU
*/
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
bic r0, r0, #0x00002300 /* clear bits 13, 9:8 (--V- --RS) */
bic r0, r0, #0x00000087 /* clear bits 7, 2:0 (B--- -CAM) */
orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 /* set bit 2 (A) Align */
orr r0, r0, #0x00001000 /* set bit 12 (I) I-Cache */
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0 /* flush v4 TLB */
mov r0, #0
mov pc, r9 //跳转到内核地址
#endif
/*
*************************************************************************
*
* Interrupt handling
*
*************************************************************************
*/
@
@ IRQ stack frame.
@
#define S_FRAME_SIZE 72
#define S_OLD_R0 68
#define S_PSR 64
#define S_PC 60
#define S_LR 56
#define S_SP 52
#define S_IP 48
#define S_FP 44
#define S_R10 40
#define S_R9 36
#define S_R8 32
#define S_R7 28
#define S_R6 24
#define S_R5 20
#define S_R4 16
#define S_R3 12
#define S_R2 8
#define S_R1 4
#define S_R0 0
#define MODE_SVC 0x13
#define I_BIT 0x80
/* //定义异常时保存寄存器的宏
* use bad_save_user_regs for abort/prefetch/undef/swi ...
* use irq_save_user_regs / irq_restore_user_regs for IRQ/FIQ handling
*/
.macro bad_save_user_regs
sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE @ carve out a frame on current user stack
stmia sp, {r0 - r12} @ Save user registers (now in svc mode) r0-r12
ldr r2, _armboot_start
sub r2, r2, #(CFG_MALLOC_LEN)
sub r2, r2, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8) @ set base 2 words into abort stack
ldmia r2, {r2 - r3} @ get values for "aborted" pc and cpsr (into parm regs)
add r0, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE @ grab pointer to old stack
add r5, sp, #S_SP
mov r1, lr
stmia r5, {r0 - r3} @ save sp_SVC, lr_SVC, pc, cpsr
mov r0, sp @ save current stack into r0 (param register)
.endm
.macro irq_save_user_regs
sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE
stmia sp, {r0 - r12} @ Calling r0-r12
add r8, sp, #S_PC @ !!!! R8 NEEDS to be saved !!!! a reserved stack spot would be good.
stmdb r8, {sp, lr}^ @ Calling SP, LR
str lr, [r8, #0] @ Save calling PC
mrs r6, spsr
str r6, [r8, #4] @ Save CPSR
str r0, [r8, #8] @ Save OLD_R0
mov r0, sp
.endm
.macro irq_restore_user_regs
ldmia sp, {r0 - lr}^ @ Calling r0 - lr
mov r0, r0
ldr lr, [sp, #S_PC] @ Get PC
add sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE
subs pc, lr, #4 @ return & move spsr_svc into cpsr
.endm
.macro get_bad_stack
ldr r13, _armboot_start @ setup our mode stack (enter in banked mode)
sub r13, r13, #(CFG_MALLOC_LEN) @ move past malloc pool
sub r13, r13, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8) @ move to reserved a couple spots for abort stack
str lr, [r13] @ save caller lr in position 0 of saved stack
mrs lr, spsr @ get the spsr
str lr, [r13, #4] @ save spsr in position 1 of saved stack
mov r13, #MODE_SVC @ prepare SVC-Mode
@ msr spsr_c, r13
msr spsr, r13 @ switch modes, make sure moves will execute
mov lr, pc @ capture return pc
movs pc, lr @ jump to next instruction & switch modes.
.endm
.macro get_bad_stack_swi
sub r13, r13, #4 @ space on current stack for scratch reg.
str r0, [r13] @ save R0's value.
ldr r0, _armboot_start @ get data regions start
sub r0, r0, #(CFG_MALLOC_LEN) @ move past malloc pool
sub r0, r0, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8) @ move past gbl and a couple spots for abort stack
str lr, [r0] @ save caller lr in position 0 of saved stack
mrs r0, spsr @ get the spsr
str lr, [r0, #4] @ save spsr in position 1 of saved stack
ldr r0, [r13] @ restore r0
add r13, r13, #4 @ pop stack entry
.endm
.macro get_irq_stack @ setup IRQ stack
ldr sp, IRQ_STACK_START
.endm
.macro get_fiq_stack @ setup FIQ stack
ldr sp, FIQ_STACK_START
.endm
/*
* exception handlers //异常处理句柄
*/
.align 5
undefined_instruction:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_undefined_instruction
.align 5
software_interrupt:
get_bad_stack_swi
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_software_interrupt
.align 5
prefetch_abort:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_prefetch_abort
.align 5
data_abort:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_data_abort
.align 5
not_used:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_not_used
#if defined(CONFIG_USE_IRQ)
.align 5
irq:
get_irq_stack
irq_save_user_regs
bl do_irq
irq_restore_user_regs
.align 5
fiq:
get_fiq_stack
/* someone ought to write a more effiction fiq_save_user_regs */
irq_save_user_regs
bl do_fiq
irq_restore_user_regs
#else
.align 5
irq:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_irq
.align 5
fiq:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_fiq
#endif
.align 5
.global arm_cache_flush
arm_cache_flush:
mcr p15, 0, r1, c7, c5, 0 @ invalidate I cache
mov pc, lr @ back to caller
/*
* v7_flush_dcache_all()
*
* Flush the whole D-cache.
*
* Corrupted registers: r0-r5, r7, r9-r11
*
* - mm - mm_struct describing address space
*/
.align 5
.global v7_flush_dcache_all
v7_flush_dcache_all:
ldr r0, =0xffffffff
mrc p15, 1, r0, c0, c0, 1 @ Read CLIDR
ands r3, r0, #0x7000000
mov r3, r3, LSR #23 @ Cache level value (naturally aligned)
beq Finished
mov r10, #0
Loop1:
add r2, r10, r10, LSR #1 @ Work out 3xcachelevel
mov r1, r0, LSR r2 @ bottom 3 bits are the Ctype for this level
and r1, r1, #7 @ get those 3 bits alone
cmp r1, #2
blt Skip @ no cache or only instruction cache at this level
mcr p15, 2, r10, c0, c0, 0 @ write the Cache Size selection register
mov r1, #0
mcr p15, 0, r1, c7, c5, 4 @ PrefetchFlush to sync the change to the CacheSizeID reg
mrc p15, 1, r1, c0, c0, 0 @ reads current Cache Size ID register
and r2, r1, #0x7 @ extract the line length field
add r2, r2, #4 @ add 4 for the line length offset (log2 16 bytes)
ldr r4, =0x3FF
ands r4, r4, r1, LSR #3 @ R4 is the max number on the way size (right aligned)
clz r5, r4 @ R5 is the bit position of the way size increment
ldr r7, =0x00007FFF
ands r7, r7, r1, LSR #13 @ R7 is the max number of the index size (right aligned)
Loop2:
mov r9, r4 @ R9 working copy of the max way size (right aligned)
Loop3:
orr r11, r10, r9, LSL r5 @ factor in the way number and cache number into R11
orr r11, r11, r7, LSL r2 @ factor in the index number
mcr p15, 0, r11, c7, c6, 2 @ invalidate by set/way
subs r9, r9, #1 @ decrement the way number
bge Loop3
subs r7, r7, #1 @ decrement the index
bge Loop2
Skip:
add r10, r10, #2 @ increment the cache number
cmp r3, r10
bgt Loop1
Finished:
mov pc, lr
.align 5
.global disable_l2cache
disable_l2cache:
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 1
bic r0, r0, #(1<<1)
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 1
mov pc, lr
.align 5
.global enable_l2cache
enable_l2cache:
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 1
orr r0, r0, #(1<<1)
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 1
mov pc, lr
.align 5
.global set_l2cache_auxctrl
set_l2cache_auxctrl:
mov r0, #0x0
mcr p15, 1, r0, c9, c0, 2
mov pc, lr
.align 5
.global set_l2cache_auxctrl_cycle
set_l2cache_auxctrl_cycle:
mrc p15, 1, r0, c9, c0, 2
bic r0, r0, #(0x1<<29)
bic r0, r0, #(0x1<<21)
bic r0, r0, #(0x7<<6)
bic r0, r0, #(0x7<<0)
mcr p15, 1, r0, c9, c0, 2
mov pc,lr
.align 5
CoInvalidateDCacheIndex:
;/* r0 = index */
mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c6, 2
mov pc,lr
#if defined(CONFIG_INTEGRATOR) && defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CINTEGRATOR)
/* Use the IntegratorCP function from board/integratorcp/platform.S */
#elif defined(CONFIG_S5PC11X)
/* For future usage of S3C64XX*/
#else
.align 5
.globl reset_cpu
reset_cpu:
ldr r1, rstctl /* get addr for global reset reg */
mov r3, #0x2 /* full reset pll+mpu */
str r3, [r1] /* force reset */
mov r0, r0
_loop_forever:
b _loop_forever
rstctl:
.word PM_RSTCTRL_WKUP
#endif
State 1最后，调用里start_armboot函数，这个函数是State2的入口函数。
4.Stage2之入口start_armboot
start_armboot函数是纯C写的，位于lib_arm/board.c中。此函数经过一系列的动作之后，最终进入main_loop循环。main_loop位于common/main.c中，它主要用于执行common下定义的一些cmd。在正常启动的情况下，main_loop会在abortboot处等待n秒中（n一般是设置在uboot环境变量中，可以用getenv冲env中读取，一般设置成3s），然后从env中读取bootcmd的值，用run_command执行bootcmd命令。对于原始Android210来讲，bootcmd=nand read C0008000 600000 400000;bootm C0008000。
bootcmd中调用里两个命令，分别是nand和bootm。
nand命令，对应的源文件是common/cmd_nand.c。它的主要功能是...
bootm命令，对应的源文件是common/cmd_bootm.c。命令格式：
U_BOOT_CMD( bootm, CFG_MAXARGS, 1, do_bootm, "bootm - boot application image from memory\n", "[addr [arg ...]]\n - boot application image stored in memory\n" "\tpassing arguments 'arg ...'; when booting a Linux kernel,\n" "\t'arg' can be the address of an initrd image\n" #if defined(CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT) "\tWhen booting a Linux kernel which requires a flat device-tree\n" "\ta third argument is required which is the address of the\n" "\tdevice-tree blob. To boot that kernel without an initrd image,\n" "\tuse a '-' for the second argument. If you do not pass a third\n" "\ta bd_info struct will be passed instead\n" #endif #if defined(CONFIG_FIT) "\t\nFor the new multi component uImage format (FIT) addresses\n" "\tmust be extened to include component or configuration unit name:\n" "\taddr:<subimg_uname> - direct component image specification\n" "\taddr#<conf_uname> - configuration specification\n" "\tUse iminfo command to get the list of existing component\n" "\timages and configurations.\n" #endif );
可以看到命令名为bootm，对应执行函数为do_bootm:
/*******************************************************************/
/* bootm - boot application image from image in memory */
/*******************************************************************/
int do_bootm (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
image_header_t *hdr;
ulong addr;
ulong iflag;
const char *type_name;
uint unc_len = CFG_BOOTM_LEN;
uint8_t comp, type, os;
void *os_hdr;
ulong os_data, os_len;
ulong image_start, image_end;
ulong load_start, load_end;
ulong mem_start;
phys_size_t mem_size;
struct lmb lmb;
memset ((void *)&images, 0, sizeof (images));
images.verify = getenv_yesno ("verify");
...........
lmb_reserve(&lmb, load_start, (load_end - load_start));
#if defined(CONFIG_ZIMAGE_BOOT)
after_header_check:
os = hdr->ih_os;
#endif
switch (os) {
default: /* handled by (original) Linux case */
case IH_OS_LINUX:
#ifdef CONFIG_SILENT_CONSOLE
fixup_silent_linux();
#endif
do_bootm_linux (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv, &images);
break;
case IH_OS_NETBSD:
do_bootm_netbsd (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv, &images);
break;
.............
return 1;
}
其中有do_bootm_linux函数，这个函数是启动kernel的函数。对于Android210来讲，这个文件位于lib_arm/bootm.c中。do_bootm_linux:
void do_bootm_linux (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[],
bootm_headers_t *images)
{
ulong initrd_start, initrd_end;
ulong ep = 0;
bd_t *bd = gd->bd;
char *s;
int machid = bd->bi_arch_number;
void (*theKernel)(int zero, int arch, uint params);
int ret;
#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG
char *commandline = getenv ("bootargs");
#endif
/* find kernel entry point */
if (images->legacy_hdr_valid) {
ep = image_get_ep (&images->legacy_hdr_os_copy);
#if defined(CONFIG_FIT)
} else if (images->fit_uname_os) {
ret = fit_image_get_entry (images->fit_hdr_os,
images->fit_noffset_os, &ep);
if (ret) {
puts ("Can't get entry point property!\n");
goto error;
}
#endif
} else {
puts ("Could not find kernel entry point!\n");
goto error;
}
theKernel = (void (*)(int, int, uint))ep;
s = getenv ("machid");
if (s) {
machid = simple_strtoul (s, NULL, 16);
printf ("Using machid 0x%x from environment\n", machid);
}
ret = boot_get_ramdisk (argc, argv, images, IH_ARCH_ARM,
&initrd_start, &initrd_end);
if (ret)
goto error;
show_boot_progress (15);
debug ("## Transferring control to Linux (at address %08lx) ...\n",
(ulong) theKernel);
#if defined (CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS) || \
defined (CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG) || \
defined (CONFIG_INITRD_TAG) || \
defined (CONFIG_SERIAL_TAG) || \
defined (CONFIG_REVISION_TAG) || \
defined (CONFIG_LCD) || \
defined (CONFIG_VFD) || \
defined (CONFIG_MTDPARTITION)
setup_start_tag (bd);
#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_TAG
setup_serial_tag (¶ms);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_REVISION_TAG
setup_revision_tag (¶ms);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS
setup_memory_tags (bd);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG
setup_commandline_tag (bd, commandline);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_INITRD_TAG
if (initrd_start && initrd_end)
setup_initrd_tag (bd, initrd_start, initrd_end);
#endif
#if defined (CONFIG_VFD) || defined (CONFIG_LCD)
setup_videolfb_tag ((gd_t *) gd);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MTDPARTITION
setup_mtdpartition_tag();
#endif
setup_end_tag (bd);
#endif
/* we assume that the kernel is in place */
printf ("\nStarting kernel ...\n\n");
#ifdef CONFIG_USB_DEVICE
{
extern void udc_disconnect (void);
udc_disconnect ();
}
#endif
cleanup_before_linux ();
theKernel (0, machid, bd->bi_boot_params);
/* does not return */
return;
error:
do_reset (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);
return;
}
do_bootm_linux中最后一个参数是bootm_headers_t *images。