11g RAC+DG（Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture）
操作环境
| Clusterware |
11.2.0.3 Grid Infrastructure |
11.2.0.3 Grid Infrastructure |
| Cluster Nodes |
Node1,node2(2-Nodes) |
bdspoc_st |
| SCAN |
node-scan |
NA |
| SCAN listener Host/port |
SCAN VIP(1521) |
GI (1521) |
| HOSTNAME |
Node1,node2 |
bdspoc_st |
| DB_UNIQUE_NAME |
bdspocpy |
bdspocst |
| DB_NAME |
bdspoc |
bdspoc |
| DB Instances |
bdspoc |
bdspoc |
| DB Storage |
ASM |
ASM |
| File Management |
OMF |
OMF |
| ASM DiskGroup for CRS |
CRS |
CRS |
| ASM DiskGroup for DB Files |
DATA |
SDATA |
| 11gR2 RAC Version |
11.2.0.3.7 |
11.2.0.3.7 |
| OS |
RHEL 5.7 (x86_64) |
RHEL 5.7 (x86_64) |
DataGuard配置前准备工作
Primary Database
安装和配置好2节点的Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.3)
安装和配置好2节点的RAC Database
创建SYSDG,DATADG,FRADG ASM Diskgroup
配置数据库"zwc"在ASM上使用OMF
配置数据库参数LOCAL_LISTENER,REMOTE_LISTENER
Standby Database
安装和配置好单节点的Grid Infrastructure (11.2.0.3)
安装 Database Software
创建CRS,SDATA ASM Diskgroup
NOTE:由于我主库打上了11.2.0.3.7的PSU，所以相应的也需要在standby上安装psu，如果没有建立相应的DB instance。Psu只能给GRID_HOME打上，RDBMS不能自动的打上11.2.3.7的PSU。安装完实例后，可以删除相应的数据文件及日志文件。
配置Primary RAC database
Enable Force Logging
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SQL> select inst_id,name,db_unique_name,force_logging,platform_name from gv$database order by 1;
INST_ID NAME DB_UNIQUE_NAME FORCE_LOGGING PLATFORM_NAME
---------- --------- ---------- ------------- -----------------
1 BDSPOC bdspocpy YES Linux x86 64-bit
2 BDSPOC bdspocpy YES Linux x86 64-bit
修改初始化参数
create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/init1.ora' from spfile;
*.db_name='BDSPOC'
*.service_names='BDSPOC'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='BDSPOCPY'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(BDSPOCPY,BDSPOCST)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=+DATA VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) *.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=BDSPOCPY'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=BDSPOCST ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=BDSPOCST'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=10
*.fal_client='BDSPOCPY'
*.fal_server='BDSPOCST'
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’+SDATA’,’+DATA’
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’+SDATA’,’+DATA’
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
SQL> create spfile='+data/bdspoc/spfilebdspoc.ora' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/init1.ora';
创建备份目录,使用RMAN备份Primary Database和Standby Controlfile
[oracle@node1 ~]mkdir /u01/app/oracle/rman
[oracle@node1 ~]rman target /
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
backup as compressed backupset
format='/u01/app/oracle/rman/full_%d_%U' tag='full'
database plus archivelog delete input;
backup format='/u01/app/oracle/rman/bkctl.ctl' tag='ctl'
current controlfile;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
将primary的备份拷贝到standby的/u01/app/oracle/rman/下
复制hosts文件
将bdspoc_st的主机解析地址加入到node1的hosts中，/etc/hosts复制到node2和bdspoc_st上。
复制tnsname.ora文件
加入bdspoc_py和bdspoc_st的解析连接串写入到该文件中。复制到primary和standby上。
复制密码文件
将node1的密码文件复制到bdspoc_st上。修改成standby上的密码文件名。
配置standby GI databse
Standby上创建相应的目录：
[oracle@bdspoc_st oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/bdspoc_st/adump
[oracle@bdspoc_st oracle]$ chmod 775 /u01/app/oracle/admin/bdspoc_st/adump/
[oracle@bdspoc_st rdbms]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bdspoc_st/bdspoc
[oracle@bdspoc_st rdbms]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bdspoc_st/bdspoc/
[oracle@bdspoc_st bdspoc]$ mkdir trace cdump
配置standby静态监听
[grid@bdspoc_st admin]$ vim listener.ora
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER))))
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bdspoc_st.bdstar.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = bdspoc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/)
(SID_NAME = bdspoc)
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/11.2.0/
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER = ON
SUBSCRIBE_FOR_NODE_DOWN_EVENT_LISTENER = OFF #解决一个报错问题
在GI模式下的listener受srvctl控制，
[grid@bdspoc_st admin]$ srvctl stop listener
[grid@bdspoc_st admin]$ srvctl start listener
[grid@bdspoc_st admin]$ srvctl add listener -l listener --若果没有listener服务可以添加该服务
添加DB服务
[oracle@bdspoc_st ~]$ cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/
[oracle@bdspoc_st bin]$ ./srvctl add database -d bdspocst -n bdspoc -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/
使用RMAN的DUPLICATE DATABASE还原数据库
[oracle@bdspoc_st ~]sqlplus sys/****@bdspocst as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 7549435904 bytes
Fixed Size 2243072 bytes
Variable Size 1258292736 bytes
Database Buffers 6274678784 bytes
Redo Buffers 14221312 bytes
[oracle@bdspoc_st ~]$ rman target sys/paladin@bdspocpy auxiliary sys/paladin@bdspocst
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Sep 28 20:35:07 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: BDSPOC (DBID=2907827626)
connected to auxiliary database: BDSPOC (not mounted)
RMAN > duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
Starting Duplicate Db at 28-SEP-13
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
contents of Memory Script:
{
restore clone standby controlfile;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting restore at 28-SEP-13
……….
Finished Duplicate Db at 29-SEP-13
查看listen状态
[grid@bdspoc_st admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 29-SEP-2013 07:55:54
Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date 28-SEP-2013 17:55:55
Uptime 0 days 13 hr. 59 min. 59 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/11.2.0/diag/tnslsnr/bdspoc_st/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bdspoc_st.bdstar.com)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "bdspoc" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "bdspoc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "bdspoc", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "bdspocst" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "bdspoc", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
创建添加Standby log
primary主库添加：
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 '+DATA/bdspoc/onlinelog/standby13.log' size 500M;
…
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 20 '+DATA/bdspoc/onlinelog/standby20.log' size 500M;
Standby从库添加相应的standby log文件
注意：standby log要与logfile大小一致，且每个实例要相应的多一组
启动Managed Recovery进程
此时standby会默认到达mounted状态
SQL >alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
观察standby 状态
--启动read only mode
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT; –实时在线应用
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL> SELECT open_mode FROM V$DATABASE;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
alter system archive log current; --归档当前的日志文件
[grid@bdspoc_st ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRS.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE bdspoc_st
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE bdspoc_st
ora.SDATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE bdspoc_st
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE bdspoc_st
ora....ocst.db ora....se.type ONLINE ONLINE bdspoc_st
ora.cssd ora.cssd.type ONLINE ONLINE bdspoc_st
ora.diskmon ora....on.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd ora.evm.type ONLINE ONLINE bdspoc_st
ora.ons ora.ons.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
添加standby的临时文件
以只读形式打开数据库进行 redo apply的时候会出现如下错误：
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/hainan/bdspoc/trace/bdspoc_dbw0_22527.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bdspoc/temp.263.816281829'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL; --取消恢复
alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bdspoc/temp.263.816281829' drop; --删除原有的temp文件
alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bdspoc/temp01.dbf' size 300m; --新增temp文件
Task 5: Verify Data Guard Configuration
- On the physical standby database, query the V$ARCHIVED_LOG view to identify existing files in the archived redo log. For example:
SQL> select sequence#, first_time, next_time
from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
- On the primary database, issue the following SQL statement to force a log switch and archive the current online redo log file group:
SQL> alter system archive log current;
- On the physical standby database, query the V$ARCHIVED_LOG view to verify that the redo data was received and archived on the standby database:
SQL> select sequence#, first_time, next_time
from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
其他
1、关闭注意事项
关闭MAA时，先关闭primary，再standby。启动MAA时，开启standby后，启动primary。
重启Primary Database到mount模式：
[grid@bdspoc_st ~]$ srvctl stop database -d bdspoc
[grid@bdspoc_st ~]$srvctl stop database -d bdspoc -o mount
[grid@bdspoc_st ~]$ Srvctl stop instance -d bdspoc –I bdspoc2
2、RAC+DG的卸载
如果单纯的替换参数文件，将会导致如下问题。
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 7549435904 bytes
Fixed Size 2243072 bytes
Variable Size 1308624384 bytes
Database Buffers 6224347136 bytes
Redo Buffers 14221312 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 569
Session ID: 101 Serial number: 3
参看alert日志，有如下错误。
...
LGWR: Primary database is in MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY mode
LGWR: Destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 is not serviced by LGWR
LGWR: Minimum of 1 LGWR standby database required
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bdspoc/bdspoc1/trace/bdspoc1_lgwr_756.trc:
ORA-16072: a minimum of one standby database destination is required
...
删除在参数文件中的DG相关参数，启动到mount阶段，alter database noarchivelog;重启数据库。
3、切换保护模式：(primary数据上做）
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE;
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE AVAILABILITY;
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PROTECTION;