Android NDK r7发布

Download the Android NDK

The Android NDK is a companion tool to the Android SDK that lets you buildperformance-critical portions of your apps in native code. It provides headers andlibraries that allow you to build activities, handle user input, use hardware sensors,access application resources, and more, when programming in C or C++. If you writenative code, your applications are still packaged into an .apk file and they still runinside of a virtual machine on the device. The fundamental Android application modeldoes not change.

Using native code does not result in an automatic performance increase, but always increases application complexity. If you have not run into any limitationsusing the Android framework APIs, you probably do not need the NDK. ReadWhat is the NDK? for more information about whatthe NDK offers and whether it will be useful to you.

The NDK is designed for use only in conjunction with theAndroid SDK. If you have not already installed and setup theAndroid SDK, pleasedo so before downloading the NDK.

Platform	Package	Size	MD5 Checksum
Windows	android-ndk-r7-windows.zip	81270552 bytes	55483482cf2b75e8dd1a5d9a7caeb6e5
Mac OS X (intel)	android-ndk-r7-darwin-x86.tar.bz2	71262092 bytes	817ca5675a1dd44078098e43070f19b6
Linux 32/64-bit (x86)	android-ndk-r7-linux-x86.tar.bz2	64884365 bytes	bf15e6b47bf50824c4b96849bf003ca3

Revisions

The sections below provide information and notes about successive releases ofthe NDK, as denoted by revision number.

Android NDK, Revision 7 (November 2011)

This release of the NDK includes new features to support the Android 4.0 platform as well as many other additions and improvements:

New features

• Added official NDK APIs for Android 4.0 (API level 14), which adds the following native features to the platform:
  • Added native multimedia API based on the Khronos Group OpenMAX AL™ 1.0.1 standard. The new<OMXAL/OpenMAXAL.h> and<OMXAL/OpenMAXAL_Android.h> headers allow applications targeting API level 14 to perform multimedia output directly from native code by using a new Android-specific buffer queue interface. For more details, seedocs/openmaxal/index.html and http://www.khronos.org/openmax/.
  • Updated the native audio API based on the Khronos Group OpenSL ES 1.0.1™ standard. With API Level 14, you can now decode compressed audio (e.g. MP3, AAC, Vorbis) to PCM. For more details, seedocs/opensles/index.html andhttp://www.khronos.org/opensles/.
• Added CCache support. To speed up large rebuilds, define the NDK_CCACHE environment variable toccache (or the path to yourccache binary). When declared, the NDK build system automatically uses CCache when compiling any source file. For example:

  export NDK_CCACHE=ccache

  Note: CCache is not included in the NDK release so you must have it installed prior to using it. For more information about CCache, seehttp://ccache.samba.org.

• Added support for setting APP_ABI to all to indicate that you want to build your NDK modules for all the ABIs supported by your given NDK release. This means that either one of the following two lines in yourApplication.mk are equivalent with this release:

  APP_ABI := all
  APP_ABI := armeabi armeabi-v7a x86

  This also works if you define APP_ABI when calling ndk-build from the command-line, which is a quick way to check that your project builds for all supported ABIs without changing the project'sApplication.mk file. For example:

  ndk-build APP_ABI=all

• Added a LOCAL_CPP_FEATURES variable in Android.mk that allows you to declare which C++ features (RTTI or Exceptions) your module uses. This ensures that the final linking works correctly if you have prebuilt modules that depend on these features. See docs/ANDROID-MK.html and docs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html for more details.
• Shortened paths to source and object files that are used in build commands. When invoking$NDK/ndk-build from your project path, the paths to the source, object, and binary files that are passed to the build commands are significantly shorter now, because they are passed relative to the current directory. This is useful when building projects with a lot of source files, to avoid limits on the maximum command line length supported by your host operating system. The behavior is unchanged if you invokendk-build from a sub-directory of your project tree, or if you defineNDK_PROJECT_PATH to point to a specific directory.

Experimental features

You can now build your NDK source files on Windows without Cygwin by calling the ndk-build.cmd script from the command line from your project path. The script takes exactly the same arguments as the original ndk-build script. The Windows NDK package comes with its own prebuilt binaries for GNU Make, Awk and other tools required by the build. You should not need to install anything else to get a working build system.

Important: ndk-gdb does not work on Windows, so you still need Cygwin to debug.

This feature is still experimental, so feel free to try it and report issues on thepublic bug database orpublic forum. All samples and unit tests shipped with the NDK succesfully compile with this feature.

Important bug fixes

• Imported shared libraries are now installed by default to the target installation location (libs/<abi>) ifAPP_MODULES is not defined in yourApplication.mk. For example, if a top-level modulefoo imports a modulebar, then both libfoo.so andlibbar.so are copied to the install location. Previously, onlylibfoo.so was copied, unless you listed bar in your APP_MODULES too. If you defineAPP_MODULES explicitly, the behavior is unchanged.
• ndk-gdb now works correctly for activities with multiple categories in their MAIN intent filters.
• Static library imports are now properly transitive. For example, if a top-level modulefoo imports static librarybar that imports static libraryzoo, the libfoo.so will now be linked against bothlibbar.a and libzoo.a.

Other changes

• docs/NATIVE-ACTIVITY.HTML: Fixed typo. The minimum API level should be 9, not 8 for native activities.
• docs/STABLE-APIS.html: Added missing documentation listing EGL as a supported stable API, starting from API level 9.
• download-toolchain-sources.sh: Updated to download the toolchain sources fromandroid.googlesource.com, which is the new location for the AOSP servers.
• Added a new C++ support runtime named gabi++. More details about it are available in the updateddocs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html.
• Added a new C++ support runtime named gnustl_shared that corresponds to the shared library version of GNU libstdc++ v3 (GPLv3 license). See more info atdocs/CPLUSPLUS-SUPPORT.html
• Added support for RTTI in the STLport C++ runtimes (no support for exceptions).
• Added support for multiple file extensions in LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION. For example, to compile bothfoo.cpp andbar.cxx as C++ sources, declare the following:

  LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION := .cpp .cxx

• Removed many unwanted exported symbols from the link-time shared system libraries provided by the NDK. This ensures that code generated with the standalone toolchain doesn't risk to accidentally depend on a non-stable ABI symbol (e.g. any libgcc.a symbol that changes each time the toolchain used to build the platform is changed)
• Refreshed the EGL and OpenGLES Khronos headers to support more extensions. Note that this doesnot change the NDK ABIs for the corresponding libraries, because each extension must be probed at runtime by the client application.

  The extensions that are available depend on your actual device and GPU drivers, not the platform version the device runs on. The header changes simply add new constants and types to make it easier to use the extensions when they have been probed witheglGetProcAddress() or glGetProcAddress(). The following list describes the newly supported extensions:

  GLES 1.x

  • GL_OES_vertex_array_object
  • GL_OES_EGL_image_external
  • GL_APPLE_texture_2D_limited_npot
  • GL_EXT_blend_minmax
  • GL_EXT_discard_framebuffer
  • GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays
  • GL_EXT_read_format_bgra
  • GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic
  • GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888
  • GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias
  • GL_IMG_read_format
  • GL_IMG_texture_compression_pvrtc
  • GL_IMG_texture_env_enhanced_fixed_function
  • GL_IMG_user_clip_plane
  • GL_IMG_multisampled_render_to_texture
  • GL_NV_fence
  • GL_QCOM_driver_control
  • GL_QCOM_extended_get
  • GL_QCOM_extended_get2
  • GL_QCOM_perfmon_global_mode
  • GL_QCOM_writeonly_rendering
  • GL_QCOM_tiled_rendering

  GLES 2.0

  • GL_OES_element_index_uint
  • GL_OES_get_program_binary
  • GL_OES_mapbuffer
  • GL_OES_packed_depth_stencil
  • GL_OES_texture_3D
  • GL_OES_texture_float
  • GL_OES_texture_float_linear
  • GL_OES_texture_half_float_linear
  • GL_OES_texture_npot
  • GL_OES_vertex_array_object
  • GL_OES_EGL_image_external
  • GL_AMD_program_binary_Z400
  • GL_EXT_blend_minmax
  • GL_EXT_discard_framebuffer
  • GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays
  • GL_EXT_read_format_bgra
  • GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888
  • GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1
  • GL_IMG_program_binary
  • GL_IMG_read_format
  • GL_IMG_shader_binary
  • GL_IMG_texture_compression_pvrtc
  • GL_IMG_multisampled_render_to_texture
  • GL_NV_coverage_sample
  • GL_NV_depth_nonlinear
  • GL_QCOM_extended_get
  • GL_QCOM_extended_get2
  • GL_QCOM_writeonly_rendering
  • GL_QCOM_tiled_rendering

  EGL

  • EGL_ANDROID_recordable
  • EGL_NV_system_time