Jakarta POI 是一套用于访问微软格式文档的Java API。
Jakarta POI有很多组件组成,其中有用于操作Excel格式文件的HSSF和用于早在Word的HWPF,在各种组件中目前只有用于操作Excel的HSSF相对成熟。它的官方首页是:http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/hssf/index.html,这里可以下载到它的最新版本和文档。
下面就来看看如何通过Jakarta POI的HSSF操作Excel文件。
操作Excel文件的步骤同JXL类似(关于如何用JXL操作Excel可以看我的另外两篇文章)。
HSSF对Excel的操作主要是通过下面几个对象实现:
HSSFWorkbook 工作簿对象对应于Excel文件
HSSFSheet Sheet对象对应于Excel中的Sheet
HSSFRow 行对象表示Sheet中的一行(这个对象在JXL中并没有提供)
HSSFCell 单元格对象
操作步骤就是用HSSFWorkbook打开或者创建“Excel文件对象”,用HSSFWorkbook对象返回或者创建Sheet对象,用Sheet对象返回行对象,用行对象得到Cell对象,有了Cell对象就随你读写了。下面来看一个动态生成Excel文件的例子:
//创建HSSFWorkbook对象
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
//创建HSSFSheet对象
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("sheet0");
//创建HSSFRow对象
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);
//创建HSSFCell对象
HSSFCell cell=row.createCell((short)0);
//用来处理中文问题
cell.setEncoding(HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
//设置单元格的值
cell.setCellValue("单元格中的中文");
//定义你需要的输出流
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("viwo.xls");
//输出Excel
wb.write(out);
out.flush();
HSSF读取文件同样还是使用这几个对象,只是把相应的createXXX方法变成了getXXX方法即可。
只要理解了其中原理,不管是读还是写亦或是特定格式都可以轻松实现,正所谓知其然更要知其所以然。
最后附上HSSF官方的QuickGuide:《Busy Developers' Guide to HSSF Features》,虽然是英文的但还是很容易理解的。
http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/hssf/quick-guide.html
一、示例1:
- package com.cplatform.contants;
-
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.Date;
-
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataFormat;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
-
- public class A {
-
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-
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- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
-
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
-
-
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 0);
-
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- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 0);
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- cell.setCellValue(1);
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- row.createCell((short) 1).setCellValue(1.2);
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- row.createCell((short) 2).setCellValue("test");
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- row.createCell((short) 3).setCellValue(true);
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- HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
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- cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("m/d/yy h:mm"));
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- HSSFCell dCell = row.createCell((short) 4);
- dCell.setCellValue(new Date());
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- dCell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
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- HSSFCell csCell = row.createCell((short) 5);
- csCell.setEncoding(HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
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- csCell.setCellValue("中文测试_Chinese Words Test");
-
-
- HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
- style
- .setFillForegroundColor(new HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT()
- .getIndex());
- style
- .setFillBackgroundColor(new HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT()
- .getIndex());
- style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SPARSE_DOTS);
- HSSFCell cell1 = row.createCell((short) 6);
- cell1.setCellValue("X");
- cell1.setCellStyle(style);
-
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- HSSFCellStyle style1 = wb.createCellStyle();
- style1.setFillForegroundColor(new HSSFColor.GREY_40_PERCENT()
- .getIndex());
- style1.setFillBackgroundColor(new HSSFColor.GREY_40_PERCENT()
- .getIndex());
- style1.setBorderBottom((short) 1);
- style1.setBorderTop((short) 1);
- style1.setBorderLeft((short) 1);
- style1.setBorderRight((short) 1);
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-
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- style1.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SPARSE_DOTS);
- HSSFCell cell11 = row.createCell((short) 7);
- cell11.setCellValue("X11");
- cell11.setCellStyle(style1);
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- HSSFCellStyle st = wb.createCellStyle();
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- st.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("#,##0"));
- HSSFCell cell12 = row.createCell((short) 8);
- cell12.setCellValue((double) 10000000);
- cell12.setCellStyle(st);
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- cell12 .setEncoding(HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
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- cell12 .setCellValue("中文测试_Chinese Words Test");
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- row.createCell((short) 9).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR);
-
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- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("D:/workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
- }
- }
-
- 二、示例2:
-
- package com.cplatform.contants;
-
- import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.Calendar;
-
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataFormat;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
-
-
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-
-
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- public class XLSExport {
-
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- private static short XLS_ENCODING = HSSFWorkbook.ENCODING_UTF_16;
-
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- private static String DATE_FORMAT = " m/d/yy ";
-
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- private static String NUMBER_FORMAT = " #,##0.00 ";
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- private String xlsFileName;
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- private HSSFWorkbook workbook;
-
- private HSSFSheet sheet;
-
- private HSSFRow row;
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- public XLSExport(String fileName) {
- this.xlsFileName = fileName;
- this.workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
- this.sheet = workbook.createSheet();
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- public void exportXLS() throws Exception {
- try {
- FileOutputStream fOut = new FileOutputStream(xlsFileName);
- workbook.write(fOut);
- fOut.flush();
- fOut.close();
- }
- catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- throw new Exception(" 生成导出Excel文件出错! ", e);
- }
- catch (IOException e) {
- throw new Exception(" 写入Excel文件出错! ", e);
- }
-
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- public void createRow(int index) {
- this.row = this.sheet.createRow(index);
- }
-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
-
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- public void setCell(int index, String value) {
- HSSFCell cell = this.row.createCell((short) index);
- cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
- cell.setEncoding(XLS_ENCODING);
- cell.setCellValue(value);
- }
-
-
-
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-
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-
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- public void setCell(int index, Calendar value) {
- HSSFCell cell = this.row.createCell((short) index);
- cell.setEncoding(XLS_ENCODING);
- cell.setCellValue(value.getTime());
- HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
- cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat(DATE_FORMAT));
- cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
- }
-
-
-
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-
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-
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- public void setCell(int index, int value) {
- HSSFCell cell = this.row.createCell((short) index);
- cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
- cell.setCellValue(value);
- }
-
-
-
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-
-
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- public void setCell(int index, double value) {
- HSSFCell cell = this.row.createCell((short) index);
- cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
- cell.setCellValue(value);
- HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
- HSSFDataFormat format = workbook.createDataFormat();
- cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat(NUMBER_FORMAT));
- cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
- }
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- System.out.println(" 开始导出Excel文件 ");
- XLSExport e = new XLSExport("d:/test.xls");
- e.createRow(0);
- e.setCell(0, " 编号 ");
- e.setCell(1, " 名称 ");
- e.setCell(2, " 日期 ");
- e.setCell(3, " 金额 ");
- e.createRow(1);
- e.setCell(0, 1);
- e.setCell(1, " 工商银行 ");
- e.setCell(2, Calendar.getInstance());
- e.setCell(3, 111123.99);
- e.createRow(2);
- e.setCell(0, 2);
- e.setCell(1, " 招商银行 ");
- e.setCell(2, Calendar.getInstance());
- e.setCell(3, 222456.88);
- try {
- e.exportXLS();
- System.out.println(" 导出Excel文件[成功] ");
- }
- catch (Exception e1) {
- System.out.println(" 导出Excel文件[失败] ");
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
- }