mysql之主从同步

mysql主从同步实现流程:mysql之主从同步_第1张图片

主服务器配置文件:

[root@martin data]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata/mysql/data
port = 3306
server_id = 1   #主id
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
log-bin=/mydata/mysql/log-bin/master-bin  #二进制日记
binlog_format=row #能够精确完成有着触发器、存储过程等代码场景中的复制;能完成几乎所有的复制功能;较少的CPU占用率;
无法判断执行了什么样的SQL语句;数据量可能略大;
innodb_file_per_table=ON #innodb数据与索引分离存储
#if slave exist
sync_binlog=1   #立即同步提交的事务
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#添加数据同步账号
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'master'@'192.168.%.%' identified by '222222';
mysql> flush privileges;

从服务器配置文件:

[root@lucia mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
#log-bin=/mydata/mysql/log-bin/master-bin
binlog_format=row
innodb_file_per_table=ON
server_id = 2 #从id 区别于主
relay-log=/mydata/mysql/relay-bin/relay-bin
read_only=ON  #非管理员用户只能读
#safe but slow
sync_master_info = 1 
sync_relay_log = 1
sync_relay_log_info = 1 
slave-parallel-workers=2 #开启多进程复制
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

配置查看:

[root@lucia mysql]# mkdir relay-bin
[root@lucia mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql relay-bin/
mysql> show global variables like '%relay%';
+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Variable_name             | Value                         |
+---------------------------+-------------------------------+
| max_relay_log_size        | 0                             |
| relay_log                 | /mydata/mysql/relay-bin       |
| relay_log_basename        | /mydata/mysql/relay-bin       |
| relay_log_index           | /mydata/mysql/relay-bin.index |
| relay_log_info_file       | relay-log.info                |
| relay_log_info_repository | FILE                          |
| relay_log_purge           | ON                            |
| relay_log_recovery        | OFF                           |
| relay_log_space_limit     | 0                             |
| sync_relay_log            | 10000                         |
| sync_relay_log_info       | 10000                         |
+---------------------------+-------------------------------+

从服务器连接主服务器:

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.222',master_user='master',master_password='222222';
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: 
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.222
                  Master_User: master
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: 
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: 
             Slave_IO_Running: No
            Slave_SQL_Running: No
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 0
              Relay_Log_Space: 120
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 0
                  Master_UUID: 
             Master_Info_File: /mydata/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: 
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
mysql> start slave;



模拟两台数据不一致的主机进行同步:

#主服务器
[root@martin ~]# mysqldump -A --flush-logs --master-data=2 -x -uroot -hlocalhost -p>all.sql
[root@martin ~]# scp -P6789 all.sql  root@lucia:~/

#从服务器从all.sql中查询日志信息
[root@lucia relay-bin]# mysql < ~/all.sql 
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.222',master_user='master',master_password='222222',master_log_file='master-bin.000012',master_log_pos=120;
mysql> start slave;    #开启
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.222
                  Master_User: master
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master-bin.000012
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 284
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000012
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
              Relay_Log_Space: 451
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 6d2a2a10-2198-11e6-aded-000c294b9b35
             Master_Info_File: /mydata/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0

从服务器停止响应与重置:

mysql> stop slave;
mysql> reset slave;

注意:服务器重启后,从服务器自动开启


优化:

半同步复制:(一旦某次等待超时,会自动降级为异步

主服务器

mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';
mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%semi%';
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=ON;
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=2000;

从服务器:

mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=ON;
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD; START SLAVE IO_THREAD;

在主服务器验正半同步复制是否生效:

mysql> SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE '%semi%';

是否延迟:(允许波动)

mysql> show slave status\G
.......
 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0    #时常

卸载:

mysql>unstall PLUGIN (rpl_semi_sync_slave | rpl_semi_sync_master)

实验结果:

主服务器:

mysql> select  * from t4;
+----+------+--------+
| id | data | expire |
+----+------+--------+
| 1  | 22   |      0 |
+----+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t4(id,data)values(2,33);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select  * from t4;
+----+------+--------+
| id | data | expire |
+----+------+--------+
| 1  | 22   |      0 |
| 2  | 33   |      0 |
+----+------+--------+

从服务器:

mysql> select * from t4;
+----+------+--------+
| id | data | expire |
+----+------+--------+
| 1  | 22   |      0 |
+----+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t4;
+----+------+--------+
| id | data | expire |
+----+------+--------+
| 1  | 22   |      0 |
| 2  | 33   |      0 |
+----+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

over

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