MinGW32和64位交叉编译环境的安装和使用

MinGW32和64位交叉编译环境的安装和使用

原文出处:

 CompileGraphics Magick, Boost, Botan and QT with MinGW64 under Windows 7 64

 http://www.kineticsystem.org/?q=node/19

1 安装MSYS

从下面的地址下载并运行:mingw-get-inst-20120426.exe

http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-inst/mingw-get-inst-20120426/mingw-get-inst-20120426.exe/download

按下面的选项和目录位置安装:


 安装完毕之后运行下面的命令行:

C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\msys\1.0\msys.bat 

逐条输入下面的语句,执行安装软件包:

$ mingw-get install msys-rxvt
$ mingw-get install msys-wget
$ mingw-get install msys-zip
$ mingw-get install msys-unzip
$ mingw-get install msys-xz
右键点击文件 C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\msys\1.0\msys.bat,在桌面上创建快捷方式, 并在"msys.bat - 快捷方式" 上点击右键, 按下图修改快捷方式的属性:

 

2 安装rubenvb MinGW-w64

1)从下面的链接进入下载页面:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/Toolchains%20targetting%20Win64/Personal%20Builds/rubenvb/gcc-4.8-release/

下载(为64位Windows编译原生64位):

x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-win64_rubenvb.7z

2)从下面的链接进入下载页面:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/Toolchains%20targetting%20Win32/Personal%20Builds/rubenvb/gcc-4.8-release/

下载(为32位Windows编译,也可以运行在Win64上):

i686-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-win64_rubenvb.7z


包的命名规范是:

[i686-w64-mingw32]-[gcc-4.8.0]-[win64]_rubenvb

[目标平台]-[gcc-4.8.0]-[工具链OS]_rubenvb

目标平台指MinGW最终编译好的二进制代码运行的平台,[i686...]表示Win32平台,[x86_64-...]表示Win64平台。工具链OS表示你安装MinGW的计算机OS。

例如,如果想在WinXP32位平台上编译运行于Win7 64位平台的程序或库(dll),需要选择:x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-win32_rubenvb.7z。

 因为我的机器是64位Win7,因此我选择了上面2个包。解压后得到:

C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\mingw32\
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\mingw64\

另外添加3个目录如下,用于存放特定的工具链:

C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\opt
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\local32
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\local64

修改文件C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\msys\1.0\etc\fstab如下:

# Win32_Path              Mount_Point
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\            /mingw
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\mingw32\    /mingw32
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\mingw64\    /mingw64
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\opt\        /opt
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\local32\    /local32
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\local64     /local64

重新打开MSYS命令行工具(以后不特别说明,凡是以$开头的都是指msys-bat命令行MSYS,无$开头指windows命令行cmd),输入下面的命令以创建目录:

$ mkdir /opt/bin/local{32,64}/{bin,etc,include,lib,share,dst,src}
$ mkdir /local{32,64}/lib/pkgconfig

最后的目录结构看起来是下图的样子:

3 安装CMake

在下面的地址下载cmake-2.8.10.2-win32-x86.zip,解压到/opt下面。

http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html

解压后的目录结构如下:

/opt/bin
/opt/doc
/opt/man
/opt/share

4 配置32位和64位编译环境

打开MSYS命令行工具,运行下面的命令创建目录:

$ mkdir -p /mingw/local/{bin,docs,include,lib,share,src}

1)为了能分开编译32和64位的程序,为32位编译创建配置文件:/local32/etc/profile.local

$ cat >/local32/etc/profile.local << "EOF"

#==================Begin of /local32/etc/profile.local ====================

alias dir='ls -la --color=auto'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/local32/lib/pkgconfig"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/local32/include"
export CFLAGS="-I/local32/include -mms-bitfields -mthreads -mtune=pentium3"
export CXXFLAGS="-I/local32/include -mms-bitfields -mthreads -mtune=pentium3"
export LDFLAGS="-L/local32/lib -lpthread -mthreads"
export PATH=".:/local32/bin:/mingw32/bin:/mingw/bin:/bin:/opt/bin:$PATH"
export PS1='\[\033[32m\]\u@\h \[\033[33m\w\033[0m\]$ '

export SRC_DIR=/local32/src
export DST_DIR=/local32/dst
export MINGW_HOME=/mingw32
export PKG_CONFIG=$DST_DIR/pkgconfig/bin/pkg-config.exe

# Configure PATH and FLAGS.

APPLICATION_ARRAY=(
"LIBICONV_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libiconv"
"ZLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/zlib"
"BZIP2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/bzip2"
"LIBTOOL_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtool"
"LIBXML2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libxml2"
"LIBPNG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libpng"
"LIBJPEG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libjpeg"
"LIBTIFF_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtiff"
"FREETYPE2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/freetype2"
"LCMS2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/lcms2"
"FFTW_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/fftw"
"BOTAN_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/botan"
"QT_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/qt"
"OPENCV_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/opencv"
"LIBUSBX_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libusbx"
"LIBFFI_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libffi"
"PKGCONFIG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/pkg-config"
"GETTEXT_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gettext"
"GLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/glib"
"GMQ8_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gm-q8"
"GMQ16_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gm-q16"
"IMQ8_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/im-q8"
"IMQ16_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/im-q16"
"BOOST_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/boost"
"LIBUSBX_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libusbx"
"GLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/glib"
"YAFARAY_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/yafaray"
"SQLITE3_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/sqlite3"
"LIBTIFF_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtiff"
)

for app in "${APPLICATION_ARRAY[@]}" ; do

    KEY=${app%%:*}
    VALUE=${app##*:}
    export "$KEY"="$VALUE"
    
    export PATH="$VALUE/bin:$PATH"
    export LDFLAGS="-L$VALUE/lib $LDFLAGS"
    export CFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CFLAGS"
    export CPPFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CPPFLAGS"
    export CXXFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CXXFLAGS"
    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$VALUE/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"

done

export LIBFFI_CFLAGS="-I $DST_DIR/libffi/lib/libffi-3.0.11/include"
export LIBFFI_LIBS="-L$DST_DIR/libffi/lib"

#==================End of /local32/etc/profile.local =====================

EOF


2)为64位编译创建配置文件:/local64/etc/profile.local

$ cat >/local64/etc/profile.local << "EOF"

#==================Begin of /local64/etc/profile.local ====================

alias dir='ls -la --color=auto'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/local64/lib/pkgconfig"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/local64/include"
export CFLAGS="-I/local64/include -mms-bitfields -mthreads"
export CXXFLAGS="-I/local64/include -mms-bitfields -mthreads"
export LDFLAGS="-L/local64/lib -lpthread"
export PATH=".:/local64/bin:/mingw64/bin:/mingw/bin:/bin:/opt/bin:$PATH"
export PS1='\[\033[32m\]\u@\h \[\033[33m\w\033[0m\]$ '

export SRC_DIR=/local64/src
export DST_DIR=/local64/dst
export MINGW_HOME=/mingw64
export PKG_CONFIG=$DST_DIR/pkgconfig/bin/pkg-config.exe

# Configure PATH and FLAGS.

APPLICATION_ARRAY=(
"LIBICONV_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libiconv"
"ZLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/zlib"
"BZIP2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/bzip2"
"LIBTOOL_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtool"
"LIBXML2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libxml2"
"LIBPNG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libpng"
"LIBJPEG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libjpeg"
"LIBTIFF_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtiff"
"FREETYPE2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/freetype2"
"LCMS2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/lcms2"
"FFTW_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/fftw"
"BOTAN_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/botan"
"QT_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/qt"
"OPENCV_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/opencv"
"LIBUSBX_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libusbx"
"LIBFFI_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libffi"
"PKGCONFIG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/pkg-config"
"GETTEXT_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gettext"
"GLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/glib"
"GMQ8_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gm-q8"
"GMQ16_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gm-q16"
"IMQ8_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/im-q8"
"IMQ16_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/im-q16"
"BOOST_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/boost"
"LIBUSBX_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libusbx"
"GLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/glib"
"YAFARAY_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/yafaray"
"SQLITE3_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/sqlite3"
"LIBTIFF_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtiff"
)

for app in "${APPLICATION_ARRAY[@]}" ; do

    KEY=${app%%:*}
    VALUE=${app##*:}
    export "$KEY"="$VALUE"
    
    export PATH="$VALUE/bin:$PATH"
    export LDFLAGS="-L$VALUE/lib $LDFLAGS"
    export CFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CFLAGS"
    export CPPFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CPPFLAGS"
    export CXXFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CXXFLAGS"
    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$VALUE/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"

done

export LIBFFI_CFLAGS="-I $DST_DIR/libffi/lib/libffi-3.0.11/include"
export LIBFFI_LIBS="-L$DST_DIR/libffi/lib"

#==================End of /local64/etc/profile.local ======================

EOF

3)每次打开msys时,默认采用64位编译环境,因此更改脚本:
$ cat >> /etc/profile << "EOF"
if [ -f /local64/etc/profile.local ]; then
        source /local64/etc/profile.local
fi

EOF


如果每次打开msys时,默认想用win32, 则/etc/profile的内容为:

.....
if [ -f /local32/etc/profile.local ]; then
  source /local32/etc/profile.local
fi

4)在MYSYS命令行中使用下面的语句可以在32/64位编译环境之间切换(只对当前窗口有效):

$ source /local64/etc/profile.local
$ source /local32/etc/profile.local

5 编译安装x64库

5.1 Pkg-config Lite

pkg-config程序就是向用户向程序提供相应库的路径、版本号等信息的程序。譬如说我们运行以下命令pkg-config 查看gcc的CFLAGS参数:

$pkg-config --libs --cflags opencv

会显示如下信息:

-I/usr/include/opencv -lcxcore -lcv -lhighgui-lcvaux

这就是用gcc编译连接时CFLAGS的参数。因此当我们需要编译连接某个库时,我们只需把上面那行加入gcc 的参数里面即可。这也是configure的作用,它会检查你需要的包,产生相应的信息。

下载:pkg-config-lite-0.27.1-1.tar.gz

地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/pkgconfiglite/files/0.27.1-1/

解压到$SRC_DIR:/local64/src

$ cd $SRC_DIR
$ tar -zxf pkg-config-lite-0.27.1-1.tar.gz
$ cd pkg-config-lite-0.27.1-1
$ sh configure --prefix=$PKGCONFIG_PREFIX
$ make -j4             # 指定使用4CPU构建,仅仅加速编译过程,不影响最后结果
$ make install

按照上面的过程,很顺利我们编译好了64位版本的程序pkg-config。下面继续。

5.2 编译zlib

http://zlib.net

下载:zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz 到$SRC_DIR

$ source /local64/etc/profile.local
$ tar -zxf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
$ make -f win32/Makefile.gcc
$ export "INCLUDE_PATH=$ZLIB_PREFIX/include"
$ export "LIBRARY_PATH=$ZLIB_PREFIX/lib"
$ export "BINARY_PATH=$ZLIB_PREFIX/bin"
$ mkdir -p $ZLIB_PREFIX/bin && cp zlib1.dll $ZLIB_PREFIX/bin/
$ make -f win32/Makefile.gcc install

5.3 编译libiconv

这是个字符编码转换库和工具。比如GBK->UTF-8。
下载libiconv-1.14.tar.gz到$SRC_DIR:
地址:

http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/

运行下面的命令,解压源码包,编译和安装:

$ tar -zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
$ cd $SRC_DIR/libiconv-1.14/
$ sh configure –-prefix=$LIBICONV_PREFIX
$ make -j4
$ make install

同样的办法可以编译win32版本的libiconv:

$ source /local32/etc/profile.local
$ tar -zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
$ cd $SRC_DIR/libiconv-1.14/
$ sh configure –-prefix=$LIBICONV_PREFIX
$ make -j4
$ make install

5.4 编译LibTIFF

下载:tiff-4.0.3.tar.gz

地址:ftp://ftp.remotesensing.org/pub/libtiff/

解压到:$SRC_DIR (32位是/local32/src, 64位是/local64/src)

$ tar -zxf tiff-4.0.3.tar.gz
$ cd $SRC_DIR/tiff-4.0.3/
$ sh configure –-prefix=$LIBTIFF_PREFIX
$ make -j4
$ make install

5.5 编译Sqlite3

下载:sqlite-autoconf-3071602.tar.gz

地址:http://sqlite.org/2013/sqlite-autoconf-3071602.tar.gz

运行:

$ tar -zxf sqlite-autoconf-3071602.tar.gz
$ sh configure --prefix=$SQLITE3_PREFIX
$ make -j4
$ make install

总结一下,编译和安装 YourLib 步骤是:

3-1)下载库源码包 YourLib.tar.gz 到 $SRC_DIR

3-2)在/local??/etc/profile.local文件中添加我们要编译的库配置,例如:

......
"SQLITE3_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/sqlite3"
"YourLib_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/yourlib"
3-3)运行解压和编译命令:

$ tar -zxf YourLib.tar.gz
$ sh configure --prefix=$YourLib_PREFIX
$ make -j4
$ make install
然后就可以把YourLib.dll拷贝到Win32/64系统中使用了。仿照此方法,可以编译其他库。

6 使用Libiconv的64位版本

使用MSVS2010创建win32控制台空项目,添加下面的文件main.c。然后更改项目平台为:x64。

项目属性里面,链接器->高级里面选择:MachineX64 (/MACHINE:X64)。常规->字符集->未设置。经过这样的配置,就可以编译32 / 64位windows程序了。main.c的全部代码如下,可以很好地编译出32位和64位版本:

/* main.c
 *   using Libiconv 64bits
 * cheungmine
 * 2013-5-13
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <memory.h>

#include <windows.h>

/* x64 */
#include "C:/DEVPACK/MinGW/local64/dst/libiconv/include/iconv.h"

/* x86-32 */
#include "C:/DEVPACK/MinGW/local32/dst/libiconv/include/iconv.h"

typedef iconv_t (*def_libiconv_open) (const char* tocode, const char* fromcode);
typedef size_t (*def_libiconv) (iconv_t cd,  char* * inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft, char* * outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft);
typedef int (*def_libiconv_close) (iconv_t cd);

int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  size_t ret;
  iconv_t cd, cd2;
  char *inbuf, *in, *outbuf, *out;
  size_t inlen, outlen;

  HMODULE hDll;
  def_libiconv_open __iconv_open;
  def_libiconv_close __iconv_close;
  def_libiconv __iconv;

  in = (char*) malloc(100);
  strcpy(in, "Hello, 中国!");
  inbuf = in;
  inlen = strlen(in) + 1;

  out = (char*) malloc(100);
  *out = 0;
  outbuf = out;
  outlen = 100;

  if (sizeof(void*) == 8) {
    printf("build for x64 Windows.\n");
    hDll = LoadLibrary("C:/DEVPACK/MinGW/local64/dst/libiconv/bin/libiconv-2.dll");
  } else {
    printf("build for 32-bits Windows.\n");
    hDll = LoadLibrary("C:/DEVPACK/MinGW/local32/dst/libiconv/bin/libiconv-2.dll");
  }

  if (!hDll) {
    printf("DLL not found.\n");
    exit(0);
  }

  __iconv_open = (def_libiconv_open) GetProcAddress(hDll, "libiconv_open");
  if (!__iconv_open) {
    printf("libiconv_open not found.\n");
    exit(0);
  }

  __iconv = (def_libiconv) GetProcAddress(hDll, "libiconv");
  if (!__iconv_open) {
    printf("libiconv not found.\n");
    exit(0);
  }

  __iconv_close = (def_libiconv_close) GetProcAddress(hDll, "libiconv_close");
  if (!__iconv_open) {
    printf("libiconv_close not found.\n");
    exit(0);
  }

  cd = __iconv_open("UTF-8", "GBK");
  cd2 = __iconv_open("GBK", "UTF-8");

  ret = __iconv(cd, (char**)&in, &inlen, (char**)&out, &outlen);
  printf("GBK(%s) => UTF-8(%s)\n", inbuf, outbuf);

  /* now in is utf-8 string */
  in = outbuf;
  inlen = strlen(in)+1;

  /* now out is empty */
  *inbuf = 0;
  out = inbuf;
  outlen = 100;

  ret = __iconv(cd2, (char**)&in, &inlen, (char**)&out, &outlen);
  printf("UTF-8(%s) => GBK(%s)\n", outbuf, inbuf);

  __iconv_close(cd);
  __iconv_close(cd2);
  
  free(inbuf);
  free(outbuf);
  
  FreeLibrary(hDll);
  return 0;
}

7 总结

MinGW作为组织开发、持续集成大型Windows项目,充分利用开源软件,的一款极为优秀的交叉编译环境,提供了我们在不同的平台上编译 Windows程序的能力。举例子来说:

1)x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-cygwin_rubenvb.tar.xz

这个包在Cygwin环境下使用MinGW编译出原生的64位Windows二进制APP(静态库,动态库和可执行程序)。


2)x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-linux64_rubenvb.tar.xz

这个包在Linux amd64环境下使用MinGW编译出原生的64位Windows二进制APP。


3)i686-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-win64_rubenvb.7z

这个包在Window x64环境下使用MinGW编译出原生的32位Windows二进制APP。


在我写作此文的过程中,参考了文章开头的链接,但是全部内容并不是简单的翻译,而是我亲自实践的总结。

谢谢!

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