原文出处:
CompileGraphics Magick, Boost, Botan and QT with MinGW64 under Windows 7 64
http://www.kineticsystem.org/?q=node/19
从下面的地址下载并运行:mingw-get-inst-20120426.exe
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-inst/mingw-get-inst-20120426/mingw-get-inst-20120426.exe/download
按下面的选项和目录位置安装:
安装完毕之后运行下面的命令行:
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\msys\1.0\msys.bat
逐条输入下面的语句,执行安装软件包:
$ mingw-get install msys-rxvt $ mingw-get install msys-wget $ mingw-get install msys-zip $ mingw-get install msys-unzip $ mingw-get install msys-xz右键点击文件 C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\msys\1.0\msys.bat,在桌面上创建快捷方式, 并在"msys.bat - 快捷方式" 上点击右键, 按下图修改快捷方式的属性:
1)从下面的链接进入下载页面:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/Toolchains%20targetting%20Win64/Personal%20Builds/rubenvb/gcc-4.8-release/
下载(为64位Windows编译原生64位):
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-win64_rubenvb.7z
2)从下面的链接进入下载页面:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/Toolchains%20targetting%20Win32/Personal%20Builds/rubenvb/gcc-4.8-release/
下载(为32位Windows编译,也可以运行在Win64上):
i686-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-win64_rubenvb.7z
包的命名规范是:
[i686-w64-mingw32]-[gcc-4.8.0]-[win64]_rubenvb
[目标平台]-[gcc-4.8.0]-[工具链OS]_rubenvb
目标平台指MinGW最终编译好的二进制代码运行的平台,[i686...]表示Win32平台,[x86_64-...]表示Win64平台。工具链OS表示你安装MinGW的计算机OS。
例如,如果想在WinXP32位平台上编译运行于Win7 64位平台的程序或库(dll),需要选择:x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-win32_rubenvb.7z。
因为我的机器是64位Win7,因此我选择了上面2个包。解压后得到:
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\mingw32\ C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\mingw64\
另外添加3个目录如下,用于存放特定的工具链:
C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\opt C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\local32 C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\local64
修改文件C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\msys\1.0\etc\fstab如下:
# Win32_Path Mount_Point C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\ /mingw C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\mingw32\ /mingw32 C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\mingw64\ /mingw64 C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\opt\ /opt C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\local32\ /local32 C:\DEVPACK\MinGW\local64 /local64
重新打开MSYS命令行工具(以后不特别说明,凡是以$开头的都是指msys-bat命令行MSYS,无$开头指windows命令行cmd),输入下面的命令以创建目录:
$ mkdir /opt/bin/local{32,64}/{bin,etc,include,lib,share,dst,src} $ mkdir /local{32,64}/lib/pkgconfig
最后的目录结构看起来是下图的样子:
在下面的地址下载cmake-2.8.10.2-win32-x86.zip,解压到/opt下面。
http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html
解压后的目录结构如下:
/opt/bin /opt/doc /opt/man /opt/share
打开MSYS命令行工具,运行下面的命令创建目录:
$ mkdir -p /mingw/local/{bin,docs,include,lib,share,src}
$ cat >/local32/etc/profile.local << "EOF"
#==================Begin of /local32/etc/profile.local ====================
alias dir='ls -la --color=auto' alias ls='ls --color=auto' export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/local32/lib/pkgconfig" export CPPFLAGS="-I/local32/include" export CFLAGS="-I/local32/include -mms-bitfields -mthreads -mtune=pentium3" export CXXFLAGS="-I/local32/include -mms-bitfields -mthreads -mtune=pentium3" export LDFLAGS="-L/local32/lib -lpthread -mthreads" export PATH=".:/local32/bin:/mingw32/bin:/mingw/bin:/bin:/opt/bin:$PATH" export PS1='\[\033[32m\]\u@\h \[\033[33m\w\033[0m\]$ ' export SRC_DIR=/local32/src export DST_DIR=/local32/dst export MINGW_HOME=/mingw32 export PKG_CONFIG=$DST_DIR/pkgconfig/bin/pkg-config.exe # Configure PATH and FLAGS. APPLICATION_ARRAY=( "LIBICONV_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libiconv" "ZLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/zlib" "BZIP2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/bzip2" "LIBTOOL_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtool" "LIBXML2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libxml2" "LIBPNG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libpng" "LIBJPEG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libjpeg" "LIBTIFF_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtiff" "FREETYPE2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/freetype2" "LCMS2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/lcms2" "FFTW_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/fftw" "BOTAN_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/botan" "QT_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/qt" "OPENCV_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/opencv" "LIBUSBX_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libusbx" "LIBFFI_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libffi" "PKGCONFIG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/pkg-config" "GETTEXT_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gettext" "GLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/glib" "GMQ8_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gm-q8" "GMQ16_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gm-q16" "IMQ8_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/im-q8" "IMQ16_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/im-q16" "BOOST_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/boost" "LIBUSBX_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libusbx" "GLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/glib" "YAFARAY_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/yafaray" "SQLITE3_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/sqlite3" "LIBTIFF_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtiff" ) for app in "${APPLICATION_ARRAY[@]}" ; do KEY=${app%%:*} VALUE=${app##*:} export "$KEY"="$VALUE" export PATH="$VALUE/bin:$PATH" export LDFLAGS="-L$VALUE/lib $LDFLAGS" export CFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CFLAGS" export CPPFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CPPFLAGS" export CXXFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CXXFLAGS" export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$VALUE/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH" done export LIBFFI_CFLAGS="-I $DST_DIR/libffi/lib/libffi-3.0.11/include" export LIBFFI_LIBS="-L$DST_DIR/libffi/lib"
EOF
2)为64位编译创建配置文件:/local64/etc/profile.local
$ cat >/local64/etc/profile.local << "EOF"
#==================Begin of /local64/etc/profile.local ====================
alias dir='ls -la --color=auto' alias ls='ls --color=auto' export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/local64/lib/pkgconfig" export CPPFLAGS="-I/local64/include" export CFLAGS="-I/local64/include -mms-bitfields -mthreads" export CXXFLAGS="-I/local64/include -mms-bitfields -mthreads" export LDFLAGS="-L/local64/lib -lpthread" export PATH=".:/local64/bin:/mingw64/bin:/mingw/bin:/bin:/opt/bin:$PATH" export PS1='\[\033[32m\]\u@\h \[\033[33m\w\033[0m\]$ ' export SRC_DIR=/local64/src export DST_DIR=/local64/dst export MINGW_HOME=/mingw64 export PKG_CONFIG=$DST_DIR/pkgconfig/bin/pkg-config.exe # Configure PATH and FLAGS. APPLICATION_ARRAY=( "LIBICONV_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libiconv" "ZLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/zlib" "BZIP2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/bzip2" "LIBTOOL_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtool" "LIBXML2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libxml2" "LIBPNG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libpng" "LIBJPEG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libjpeg" "LIBTIFF_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtiff" "FREETYPE2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/freetype2" "LCMS2_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/lcms2" "FFTW_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/fftw" "BOTAN_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/botan" "QT_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/qt" "OPENCV_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/opencv" "LIBUSBX_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libusbx" "LIBFFI_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libffi" "PKGCONFIG_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/pkg-config" "GETTEXT_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gettext" "GLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/glib" "GMQ8_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gm-q8" "GMQ16_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/gm-q16" "IMQ8_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/im-q8" "IMQ16_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/im-q16" "BOOST_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/boost" "LIBUSBX_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libusbx" "GLIB_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/glib" "YAFARAY_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/yafaray" "SQLITE3_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/sqlite3" "LIBTIFF_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/libtiff" ) for app in "${APPLICATION_ARRAY[@]}" ; do KEY=${app%%:*} VALUE=${app##*:} export "$KEY"="$VALUE" export PATH="$VALUE/bin:$PATH" export LDFLAGS="-L$VALUE/lib $LDFLAGS" export CFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CFLAGS" export CPPFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CPPFLAGS" export CXXFLAGS="-I$VALUE/include $CXXFLAGS" export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$VALUE/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH" done export LIBFFI_CFLAGS="-I $DST_DIR/libffi/lib/libffi-3.0.11/include" export LIBFFI_LIBS="-L$DST_DIR/libffi/lib"
EOF
3)每次打开msys时,默认采用64位编译环境,因此更改脚本:$ cat >> /etc/profile << "EOF"
if [ -f /local64/etc/profile.local ]; then source /local64/etc/profile.local fi
EOF
如果每次打开msys时,默认想用win32, 则/etc/profile的内容为:
..... if [ -f /local32/etc/profile.local ]; then source /local32/etc/profile.local fi
4)在MYSYS命令行中使用下面的语句可以在32/64位编译环境之间切换(只对当前窗口有效):
$ source /local64/etc/profile.local $ source /local32/etc/profile.local
pkg-config程序就是向用户向程序提供相应库的路径、版本号等信息的程序。譬如说我们运行以下命令pkg-config 查看gcc的CFLAGS参数:
$pkg-config --libs --cflags opencv
会显示如下信息:
-I/usr/include/opencv -lcxcore -lcv -lhighgui-lcvaux
这就是用gcc编译连接时CFLAGS的参数。因此当我们需要编译连接某个库时,我们只需把上面那行加入gcc 的参数里面即可。这也是configure的作用,它会检查你需要的包,产生相应的信息。
下载:pkg-config-lite-0.27.1-1.tar.gz
地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/pkgconfiglite/files/0.27.1-1/
解压到$SRC_DIR:/local64/src
$ cd $SRC_DIR $ tar -zxf pkg-config-lite-0.27.1-1.tar.gz $ cd pkg-config-lite-0.27.1-1 $ sh configure --prefix=$PKGCONFIG_PREFIX $ make -j4 # 指定使用4CPU构建,仅仅加速编译过程,不影响最后结果 $ make install
按照上面的过程,很顺利我们编译好了64位版本的程序pkg-config。下面继续。
下载:zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz 到$SRC_DIR
$ source /local64/etc/profile.local $ tar -zxf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz $ make -f win32/Makefile.gcc $ export "INCLUDE_PATH=$ZLIB_PREFIX/include" $ export "LIBRARY_PATH=$ZLIB_PREFIX/lib" $ export "BINARY_PATH=$ZLIB_PREFIX/bin" $ mkdir -p $ZLIB_PREFIX/bin && cp zlib1.dll $ZLIB_PREFIX/bin/ $ make -f win32/Makefile.gcc install
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/
运行下面的命令,解压源码包,编译和安装:
$ tar -zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz $ cd $SRC_DIR/libiconv-1.14/ $ sh configure –-prefix=$LIBICONV_PREFIX $ make -j4 $ make install
同样的办法可以编译win32版本的libiconv:
$ source /local32/etc/profile.local $ tar -zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz $ cd $SRC_DIR/libiconv-1.14/ $ sh configure –-prefix=$LIBICONV_PREFIX $ make -j4 $ make install
下载:tiff-4.0.3.tar.gz
地址:ftp://ftp.remotesensing.org/pub/libtiff/
解压到:$SRC_DIR (32位是/local32/src, 64位是/local64/src)
$ tar -zxf tiff-4.0.3.tar.gz $ cd $SRC_DIR/tiff-4.0.3/ $ sh configure –-prefix=$LIBTIFF_PREFIX $ make -j4 $ make install
下载:sqlite-autoconf-3071602.tar.gz
地址:http://sqlite.org/2013/sqlite-autoconf-3071602.tar.gz
运行:
$ tar -zxf sqlite-autoconf-3071602.tar.gz $ sh configure --prefix=$SQLITE3_PREFIX $ make -j4 $ make install
总结一下,编译和安装 YourLib 步骤是:
3-1)下载库源码包 YourLib.tar.gz 到 $SRC_DIR
3-2)在/local??/etc/profile.local文件中添加我们要编译的库配置,例如:
...... "SQLITE3_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/sqlite3" "YourLib_PREFIX:$DST_DIR/yourlib"3-3)运行解压和编译命令:
$ tar -zxf YourLib.tar.gz $ sh configure --prefix=$YourLib_PREFIX $ make -j4 $ make install然后就可以把YourLib.dll拷贝到Win32/64系统中使用了。仿照此方法,可以编译其他库。
使用MSVS2010创建win32控制台空项目,添加下面的文件main.c。然后更改项目平台为:x64。
项目属性里面,链接器->高级里面选择:MachineX64 (/MACHINE:X64)。常规->字符集->未设置。经过这样的配置,就可以编译32 / 64位windows程序了。main.c的全部代码如下,可以很好地编译出32位和64位版本:
/* main.c * using Libiconv 64bits * cheungmine * 2013-5-13 */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <memory.h> #include <windows.h> /* x64 */ #include "C:/DEVPACK/MinGW/local64/dst/libiconv/include/iconv.h" /* x86-32 */ #include "C:/DEVPACK/MinGW/local32/dst/libiconv/include/iconv.h" typedef iconv_t (*def_libiconv_open) (const char* tocode, const char* fromcode); typedef size_t (*def_libiconv) (iconv_t cd, char* * inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft, char* * outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft); typedef int (*def_libiconv_close) (iconv_t cd); int main (int argc, char **argv) { size_t ret; iconv_t cd, cd2; char *inbuf, *in, *outbuf, *out; size_t inlen, outlen; HMODULE hDll; def_libiconv_open __iconv_open; def_libiconv_close __iconv_close; def_libiconv __iconv; in = (char*) malloc(100); strcpy(in, "Hello, 中国!"); inbuf = in; inlen = strlen(in) + 1; out = (char*) malloc(100); *out = 0; outbuf = out; outlen = 100; if (sizeof(void*) == 8) { printf("build for x64 Windows.\n"); hDll = LoadLibrary("C:/DEVPACK/MinGW/local64/dst/libiconv/bin/libiconv-2.dll"); } else { printf("build for 32-bits Windows.\n"); hDll = LoadLibrary("C:/DEVPACK/MinGW/local32/dst/libiconv/bin/libiconv-2.dll"); } if (!hDll) { printf("DLL not found.\n"); exit(0); } __iconv_open = (def_libiconv_open) GetProcAddress(hDll, "libiconv_open"); if (!__iconv_open) { printf("libiconv_open not found.\n"); exit(0); } __iconv = (def_libiconv) GetProcAddress(hDll, "libiconv"); if (!__iconv_open) { printf("libiconv not found.\n"); exit(0); } __iconv_close = (def_libiconv_close) GetProcAddress(hDll, "libiconv_close"); if (!__iconv_open) { printf("libiconv_close not found.\n"); exit(0); } cd = __iconv_open("UTF-8", "GBK"); cd2 = __iconv_open("GBK", "UTF-8"); ret = __iconv(cd, (char**)&in, &inlen, (char**)&out, &outlen); printf("GBK(%s) => UTF-8(%s)\n", inbuf, outbuf); /* now in is utf-8 string */ in = outbuf; inlen = strlen(in)+1; /* now out is empty */ *inbuf = 0; out = inbuf; outlen = 100; ret = __iconv(cd2, (char**)&in, &inlen, (char**)&out, &outlen); printf("UTF-8(%s) => GBK(%s)\n", outbuf, inbuf); __iconv_close(cd); __iconv_close(cd2); free(inbuf); free(outbuf); FreeLibrary(hDll); return 0; }
MinGW作为组织开发、持续集成大型Windows项目,充分利用开源软件,的一款极为优秀的交叉编译环境,提供了我们在不同的平台上编译 Windows程序的能力。举例子来说:
1)x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-cygwin_rubenvb.tar.xz
这个包在Cygwin环境下使用MinGW编译出原生的64位Windows二进制APP(静态库,动态库和可执行程序)。
2)x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-linux64_rubenvb.tar.xz
这个包在Linux amd64环境下使用MinGW编译出原生的64位Windows二进制APP。
3)i686-w64-mingw32-gcc-4.8.0-win64_rubenvb.7z
这个包在Window x64环境下使用MinGW编译出原生的32位Windows二进制APP。
在我写作此文的过程中,参考了文章开头的链接,但是全部内容并不是简单的翻译,而是我亲自实践的总结。