iOS开发：NSURLSession和Afnetworking的使用对比
为了学习iOS开发的网络知识，写了个demo对比原生和第三方网络库的用法。
预览
主要是写了两个页面，分别实现了get，post，上传，下载以及设置网络图片等功能等功能。
代码
NSURLSession的使用
NSURLConnection在iOS9被宣布弃用,NSURLSession是苹果在iOS7后为HTTP数据传输提供的一系列接口,比NSURLConnection强大,好用.
1
简单GET请求
// Simple Get
- (void)httpGetTest
{
// Any url will be ok, here we use a little more complex url and params
NSString *httpUrl = @"http://apis.baidu.com/thinkpage/weather_api/suggestion";
NSString *httpArg = @"location=beijing&language=zh-Hans&unit=c&start=0&days=3";
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@?%@", httpUrl, httpArg]];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
// Add some extra params
[request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];
[request addValue:@"7941288324b589ad9cf1f2600139078e" forHTTPHeaderField:@"apikey"];
// Set the task, we can also use dataTaskWithUrl
NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// Do sth to process returend data
if(!error)
{
NSLog(@"%@", [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
}
else
{
NSLog(@"%@", error.localizedDescription);
}
}];
// Launch task
[dataTask resume];
}
- 对于不需要额外的报文头的api，GET请求只要简单地把url拼起来穿进去就可以了（dataTaskWithUrl）
// Simple Post
- (void)httpPostTest
{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://ipad-bjwb.bjd.com.cn/DigitalPublication/publish/Handler/APINewsList.ashx"];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
request.HTTPMethod = @"POST";
request.HTTPBody = [@"date=20131129&startRecord=1&len=5&udid=1234567890&terminalType=Iphone&cid=213" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// Do sth to process returend data
if(!error)
{
NSLog(@"%@", [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
}
else
{
NSLog(@"%@", error.localizedDescription);
}
}];
[dataTask resume];
}
- POST请求主要用于需要身份认证的网络接口
- 必须是用request，在request里面添加很多选项和报文头
3
简单下载
// Simple Download
- (void)downLoadTest
{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://pic1.desk.chinaz.com/file/10.03.10/5/rrgaos56_p.jpg"];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
// Use download with request or url
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadPhotoTask = [session downloadTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSURL * _Nullable location, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// Move the downloaded file to new path
NSString *path = [[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject] stringByAppendingPathComponent:response.suggestedFilename];
[[NSFileManager defaultManager] moveItemAtURL:location toURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:path] error:nil];
// Set the image
UIImage *downloadedImage = [UIImage imageWithData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:location]];
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"set the image");
// self.imageView.image = downloadedImage; // set image from original location
self.imageView.image = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:path]; // set image from file system
});
}];
[downloadPhotoTask resume];
}
- 可以下载任何格式的文件，都是通过二进制传输
- 设置图片，可以从原始地址也可以从文件系统中根据路径设置
- 简单下载看不到下载进度
4
简单上传
// Simple Upload
- (void)upLoadTest
{
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
// Set the url and params
NSString *urlString = @"http://www.freeimagehosting.net/upload.php";
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlString]];
[request addValue:@"image/jpeg" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
[request addValue:@"text/html" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Accept"];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
[request setCachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData];
[request setTimeoutInterval:20];
//Set data to be uploaded
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"beauty.jpg"];
NSData *data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1.0);
// Use download from data or file
NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadPhotoTask = [session uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromData:data completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// Do sth to process returend data
if(!error)
{
NSLog(@"upload success");
NSLog(@"%@", [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
}
else
{
NSLog(@"%@", error.localizedDescription);
}
}];
[uploadPhotoTask resume];
}
- 上传可以从内存文件，沙盒文件系统，其他数据存储拿文件
- 代码中的这个网站是用于测试上传的，需要校验，也可以自己搭建web服务器测试
5
代理方法的网络请求
// Url session delegate
- (void)UrlSessionDelegateTest
{
NSString *httpUrl = @"http://apis.baidu.com/thinkpage/weather_api/suggestion";
NSString *httpArg = @"location=beijing&language=zh-Hans&unit=c&start=0&days=3";
// Set session with configuration, use this way to set delegate
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]
delegate:self
delegateQueue:[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@?%@", httpUrl, httpArg]];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
// Add some extra params
[request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];
[request addValue:@"7941288324b589ad9cf1f2600139078e" forHTTPHeaderField:@"apikey"];
// Set the task
NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
[dataTask resume];
}
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition))completionHandler
{
// Must allow the response of server, then we can receive data
completionHandler(NSURLSessionResponseAllow);
}
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
{
// Recevied data
NSLog(@"data received---%@", [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
}
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error
{
if(!error)
{
NSLog(@"task completed!");
}
else
{
NSLog(@"%@", error.localizedDescription);
}
}
- 创建sesseion时需要用configuration，因为要设置委托
- 接收到服务器响应后要允许接收后续的数据
- 这种方法可以用于各种请求方式 GET, POST等
6
代理方法的下载
- (void)DownloadTaskTest
{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://pic1.desk.chinaz.com/file/10.03.10/5/rrgaos56_p.jpg"];
NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]
delegate:self
delegateQueue:[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
// Use download with request or url
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadPhotoTask = [session downloadTaskWithRequest:request];
[downloadPhotoTask resume];
}
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didFinishDownloadingToURL:(NSURL *)location
{
NSLog(@"set photo");
NSString *filePath = [[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject] stringByAppendingPathComponent:downloadTask.response.suggestedFilename];
[[NSFileManager defaultManager] moveItemAtURL:location toURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath] error:nil];
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
//Set image in the main thread
self.imageView.image = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
});
}
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didWriteData:(int64_t)bytesWritten totalBytesWritten:(int64_t)totalBytesWritten totalBytesExpectedToWrite:(int64_t)totalBytesExpectedToWrite
{
// Compute the download progress
CGFloat progress = 1.0 * totalBytesWritten / totalBytesExpectedToWrite;
NSLog(@"%f",progress);
}
- 可以通过委托函数获得实时下载进度
Afnetworking的使用
Afnetworking是一个非常流行（github上star很高）的ios网络插件，用起来方便，稳定，高效。
1
GET
// Test GET
- (void)httpGetTest
{
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer]; // Must add this code, or error occurs
// Prepare the URL, parameters can be add to URL (could be html, json, xml, plist address)
// NSString *url = @"https:github.com";
NSString *url = @"http://zhan.renren.com/ceshipost";
NSDictionary *params = @{@"tagId":@"18924", @"from":@"template"}; // Params can be nil
[manager GET:url
parameters:params
progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull downloadProgress) {
// Process the progress here
} success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"%@", [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseObject encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]); // Can also parse the json file here
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"%@", error.localizedDescription);
}];
}
- 同样是有方法设置各种参数以及额外报文头的，比如通过manager去设置一些参数用于某些网站api校验，这里没有写出
// Test POST
- (void)httpPostTest
{
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer]; // Must add this code, or error occurs
// Prepare the URL and parameters
NSString *url = @"http://ipad-bjwb.bjd.com.cn/DigitalPublication/publish/Handler/APINewsList.ashx";
NSDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:@{@"date":@"20131129", @"startRecord":@"1", @"len":@"5", @"udid":@"1234567890", @"terminalType":@"Iphone", @"cid":@"213"}];
[manager POST:url
parameters:params
progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
// Do sth to process progress
} success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"%@", [[NSString alloc] initWithData:responseObject encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"%@", error.localizedDescription);
}];
}
- 与GET的差别只有一字之差
3
下载
// Test Download
- (void)downLoadTest
{
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
// Set the download URL, could be any format file (jpg,zip,rar,png,mp3,avi.....)
NSString *urlString = @"http://img.bizhi.sogou.com/images/1280x1024/2013/07/31/353911.jpg";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask = [manager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull downloadProgress) {
NSLog(@"current downloading progress:%lf", 1.0 * downloadProgress.completedUnitCount / downloadProgress.totalUnitCount);
} destination:^NSURL * _Nonnull(NSURL * _Nonnull targetPath, NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response) {
// The download address
NSLog(@"default address%@",targetPath);
// Set the real save address instead of the temporary address
NSString *filePath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
return [NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath];
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, NSURL * _Nullable filePath, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// When downloaded, do sth
NSLog(@"%@ file downloaded to %@", response, [filePath URLByAppendingPathComponent:response.suggestedFilename]);
// In the main thread, update UI
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
// Do sth to process UI
});
}];
// Launch the download task
[downloadTask resume];
}
- 可以下载任意格式
- 图片可以设置到UI里面去，但是注意要在主线程里做
- 可以获得下载进度
4
上传
// Test Upload
- (void)upLoadTest
{
// Can also use configuration initialize manager
// NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
// AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
// Set the request
NSString *urlString = @"http://www.freeimagehosting.net/upload.php";
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlString]];
[request addValue:@"image/jpeg" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
[request addValue:@"text/html" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Accept"];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
[request setCachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData];
[request setTimeoutInterval:20];
//Set data to be uploaded
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"beauty.jpg"];
NSData *data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1.0);
// Upload from data or file
NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithRequest:request
fromData:data
progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
NSLog(@"current uploading progress:%lf", 1.0 * uploadProgress.completedUnitCount / uploadProgress.totalUnitCount);
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, id _Nullable responseObject, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// Do sth to response the success
NSLog(@"%@", response);
}];
// Launch upload
[uploadTask resume];
}
- 同样也是可以从内存、文件系统上传
5
监测网络状态
// Test the net state watching
- (void)watchNetState
{
AFNetworkReachabilityManager *manager = [AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager];
/*
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, AFNetworkReachabilityStatus) {
AFNetworkReachabilityStatusUnknown = -1, unkown
AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable = 0, offline
AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWWAN = 1, cellular
AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWiFi = 2, wifi
};
*/
// Once the network changed, this code works
[manager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {
switch(status)
{
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusUnknown:
NSLog(@"unkown");
break;
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable:
NSLog(@"offline");
break;
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWWAN:
NSLog(@"cellular");
break;
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWiFi:
NSLog(@"wifi");
break;
default:
NSLog(@"????");
break;
}
}];
// Must start monitoring
[manager startMonitoring];
}
- 执行了这段代码之后，程序就在监听设备的网络状况，只要网络改变就会有相应的响应
6
设置网络图片
// Test set url image
- (void)setUrlImage
{
// Should include a header file, and the image willed cached automatically
NSString *imgURL = @"http://img.article.pchome.net/00/44/28/57/pic_lib/wm/7.jpg";
[self.imageView setImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:imgURL] placeholderImage:nil];
}
- 这个功能来自插件里面的一个category，Afnetworking很智能，能够直接设置网络上的图片到本地UI上并且自动创建缓存
下载
csdn： 网络demo
github： 网络demo