本文数据参照 机器学习-周志华 一书中的决策树一章。可作为此章课后习题3的答案
代码则参照《机器学习实战》一书的内容,并做了一些修改。
本文使用的Python库包括
Idx | 色泽 | 根蒂 | 敲声 | 纹理 | 脐部 | 触感 | 密度 | 含糖率 | label |
1 | 青绿 | 蜷缩 | 浊响 | 清晰 | 凹陷 | 硬滑 | 0.697 | 0.46 | 1 |
2 | 乌黑 | 蜷缩 | 沉闷 | 清晰 | 凹陷 | 硬滑 | 0.774 | 0.376 | 1 |
3 | 乌黑 | 蜷缩 | 浊响 | 清晰 | 凹陷 | 硬滑 | 0.634 | 0.264 | 1 |
4 | 青绿 | 蜷缩 | 沉闷 | 清晰 | 凹陷 | 硬滑 | 0.608 | 0.318 | 1 |
5 | 浅白 | 蜷缩 | 浊响 | 清晰 | 凹陷 | 硬滑 | 0.556 | 0.215 | 1 |
6 | 青绿 | 稍蜷 | 浊响 | 清晰 | 稍凹 | 软粘 | 0.403 | 0.237 | 1 |
7 | 乌黑 | 稍蜷 | 浊响 | 稍糊 | 稍凹 | 软粘 | 0.481 | 0.149 | 1 |
8 | 乌黑 | 稍蜷 | 浊响 | 清晰 | 稍凹 | 硬滑 | 0.437 | 0.211 | 1 |
9 | 乌黑 | 稍蜷 | 沉闷 | 稍糊 | 稍凹 | 硬滑 | 0.666 | 0.091 | 0 |
10 | 青绿 | 硬挺 | 清脆 | 清晰 | 平坦 | 软粘 | 0.243 | 0.267 | 0 |
11 | 浅白 | 硬挺 | 清脆 | 模糊 | 平坦 | 硬滑 | 0.245 | 0.057 | 0 |
12 | 浅白 | 蜷缩 | 浊响 | 模糊 | 平坦 | 软粘 | 0.343 | 0.099 | 0 |
13 | 青绿 | 稍蜷 | 浊响 | 稍糊 | 凹陷 | 硬滑 | 0.639 | 0.161 | 0 |
14 | 浅白 | 稍蜷 | 沉闷 | 稍糊 | 凹陷 | 硬滑 | 0.657 | 0.198 | 0 |
15 | 乌黑 | 稍蜷 | 浊响 | 清晰 | 稍凹 | 软粘 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0 |
16 | 浅白 | 蜷缩 | 浊响 | 模糊 | 平坦 | 硬滑 | 0.593 | 0.042 | 0 |
17 | 青绿 | 蜷缩 | 沉闷 | 稍糊 | 稍凹 | 硬滑 | 0.719 | 0.103 | 0 |
Idx | color | root | knocks | texture | navel | touch | density | sugar_ratio | label |
1 | dark_green | curl_up | little_heavily | distinct | sinking | hard_smooth | 0.697 | 0.46 | 1 |
2 | black | curl_up | heavily | distinct | sinking | hard_smooth | 0.774 | 0.376 | 1 |
3 | black | curl_up | little_heavily | distinct | sinking | hard_smooth | 0.634 | 0.264 | 1 |
4 | dark_green | curl_up | heavily | distinct | sinking | hard_smooth | 0.608 | 0.318 | 1 |
5 | light_white | curl_up | little_heavily | distinct | sinking | hard_smooth | 0.556 | 0.215 | 1 |
6 | dark_green | little_curl_up | little_heavily | distinct | little_sinking | soft_stick | 0.403 | 0.237 | 1 |
7 | black | little_curl_up | little_heavily | little_blur | little_sinking | soft_stick | 0.481 | 0.149 | 1 |
8 | black | little_curl_up | little_heavily | distinct | little_sinking | hard_smooth | 0.437 | 0.211 | 1 |
9 | black | little_curl_up | heavily | little_blur | little_sinking | hard_smooth | 0.666 | 0.091 | 0 |
10 | dark_green | stiff | clear | distinct | even | soft_stick | 0.243 | 0.267 | 0 |
11 | light_white | stiff | clear | blur | even | hard_smooth | 0.245 | 0.057 | 0 |
12 | light_white | curl_up | little_heavily | blur | even | soft_stick | 0.343 | 0.099 | 0 |
13 | dark_green | little_curl_up | little_heavily | little_blur | sinking | hard_smooth | 0.639 | 0.161 | 0 |
14 | light_white | little_curl_up | heavily | little_blur | sinking | hard_smooth | 0.657 | 0.198 | 0 |
15 | black | little_curl_up | little_heavily | distinct | little_sinking | soft_stick | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0 |
16 | light_white | curl_up | little_heavily | blur | even | hard_smooth | 0.593 | 0.042 | 0 |
17 | dark_green | curl_up | heavily | little_blur | little_sinking | hard_smooth | 0.719 | 0.103 | 0 |
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from numpy import * import numpy as np import pandas as pd from math import log import operator #计算数据集的香农熵 def calcShannonEnt(dataSet): numEntries=len(dataSet) labelCounts={} #给所有可能分类创建字典 for featVec in dataSet: currentLabel=featVec[-1] if currentLabel not in labelCounts.keys(): labelCounts[currentLabel]=0 labelCounts[currentLabel]+=1 shannonEnt=0.0 #以2为底数计算香农熵 for key in labelCounts: prob = float(labelCounts[key])/numEntries shannonEnt-=prob*log(prob,2) return shannonEnt #对离散变量划分数据集,取出该特征取值为value的所有样本 def splitDataSet(dataSet,axis,value): retDataSet=[] for featVec in dataSet: if featVec[axis]==value: reducedFeatVec=featVec[:axis] reducedFeatVec.extend(featVec[axis+1:]) retDataSet.append(reducedFeatVec) return retDataSet #对连续变量划分数据集,direction规定划分的方向, #决定是划分出小于value的数据样本还是大于value的数据样本集 def splitContinuousDataSet(dataSet,axis,value,direction): retDataSet=[] for featVec in dataSet: if direction==0: if featVec[axis]>value: reducedFeatVec=featVec[:axis] reducedFeatVec.extend(featVec[axis+1:]) retDataSet.append(reducedFeatVec) else: if featVec[axis]<=value: reducedFeatVec=featVec[:axis] reducedFeatVec.extend(featVec[axis+1:]) retDataSet.append(reducedFeatVec) return retDataSet #选择最好的数据集划分方式 def chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet,labels): numFeatures=len(dataSet[0])-1 baseEntropy=calcShannonEnt(dataSet) bestInfoGain=0.0 bestFeature=-1 bestSplitDict={} for i in range(numFeatures): featList=[example[i] for example in dataSet] #对连续型特征进行处理 if type(featList[0]).__name__=='float' or type(featList[0]).__name__=='int': #产生n-1个候选划分点 sortfeatList=sorted(featList) splitList=[] for j in range(len(sortfeatList)-1): splitList.append((sortfeatList[j]+sortfeatList[j+1])/2.0) bestSplitEntropy=10000 slen=len(splitList) #求用第j个候选划分点划分时,得到的信息熵,并记录最佳划分点 for j in range(slen): value=splitList[j] newEntropy=0.0 subDataSet0=splitContinuousDataSet(dataSet,i,value,0) subDataSet1=splitContinuousDataSet(dataSet,i,value,1) prob0=len(subDataSet0)/float(len(dataSet)) newEntropy+=prob0*calcShannonEnt(subDataSet0) prob1=len(subDataSet1)/float(len(dataSet)) newEntropy+=prob1*calcShannonEnt(subDataSet1) if newEntropy<bestSplitEntropy: bestSplitEntropy=newEntropy bestSplit=j #用字典记录当前特征的最佳划分点 bestSplitDict[labels[i]]=splitList[bestSplit] infoGain=baseEntropy-bestSplitEntropy #对离散型特征进行处理 else: uniqueVals=set(featList) newEntropy=0.0 #计算该特征下每种划分的信息熵 for value in uniqueVals: subDataSet=splitDataSet(dataSet,i,value) prob=len(subDataSet)/float(len(dataSet)) newEntropy+=prob*calcShannonEnt(subDataSet) infoGain=baseEntropy-newEntropy if infoGain>bestInfoGain: bestInfoGain=infoGain bestFeature=i #若当前节点的最佳划分特征为连续特征,则将其以之前记录的划分点为界进行二值化处理 #即是否小于等于bestSplitValue if type(dataSet[0][bestFeature]).__name__=='float' or type(dataSet[0][bestFeature]).__name__=='int': bestSplitValue=bestSplitDict[labels[bestFeature]] labels[bestFeature]=labels[bestFeature]+'<='+str(bestSplitValue) for i in range(shape(dataSet)[0]): if dataSet[i][bestFeature]<=bestSplitValue: dataSet[i][bestFeature]=1 else: dataSet[i][bestFeature]=0 return bestFeature #特征若已经划分完,节点下的样本还没有统一取值,则需要进行投票 def majorityCnt(classList): classCount={} for vote in classList: if vote not in classCount.keys(): classCount[vote]=0 classCount[vote]+=1 return max(classCount) #主程序,递归产生决策树 def createTree(dataSet,labels,data_full,labels_full): classList=[example[-1] for example in dataSet] if classList.count(classList[0])==len(classList): return classList[0] if len(dataSet[0])==1: return majorityCnt(classList) bestFeat=chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet,labels) bestFeatLabel=labels[bestFeat] myTree={bestFeatLabel:{}} featValues=[example[bestFeat] for example in dataSet] uniqueVals=set(featValues) if type(dataSet[0][bestFeat]).__name__=='str': currentlabel=labels_full.index(labels[bestFeat]) featValuesFull=[example[currentlabel] for example in data_full] uniqueValsFull=set(featValuesFull) del(labels[bestFeat]) #针对bestFeat的每个取值,划分出一个子树。 for value in uniqueVals: subLabels=labels[:] if type(dataSet[0][bestFeat]).__name__=='str': uniqueValsFull.remove(value) myTree[bestFeatLabel][value]=createTree(splitDataSet\ (dataSet,bestFeat,value),subLabels,data_full,labels_full) if type(dataSet[0][bestFeat]).__name__=='str': for value in uniqueValsFull: myTree[bestFeatLabel][value]=majorityCnt(classList) return myTree
df=pd.read_csv('watermelon_4_3.csv') data=df.values[:,1:].tolist() data_full=data[:] labels=df.columns.values[1:-1].tolist() labels_full=labels[:] myTree=createTree(data,labels,data_full,labels_full)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt decisionNode=dict(boxstyle="sawtooth",fc="0.8") leafNode=dict(boxstyle="round4",fc="0.8") arrow_args=dict(arrowstyle="<-") #计算树的叶子节点数量 def getNumLeafs(myTree): numLeafs=0 firstStr=myTree.keys()[0] secondDict=myTree[firstStr] for key in secondDict.keys(): if type(secondDict[key]).__name__=='dict': numLeafs+=getNumLeafs(secondDict[key]) else: numLeafs+=1 return numLeafs #计算树的最大深度 def getTreeDepth(myTree): maxDepth=0 firstStr=myTree.keys()[0] secondDict=myTree[firstStr] for key in secondDict.keys(): if type(secondDict[key]).__name__=='dict': thisDepth=1+getTreeDepth(secondDict[key]) else: thisDepth=1 if thisDepth>maxDepth: maxDepth=thisDepth return maxDepth #画节点 def plotNode(nodeTxt,centerPt,parentPt,nodeType): createPlot.ax1.annotate(nodeTxt,xy=parentPt,xycoords='axes fraction',\ xytext=centerPt,textcoords='axes fraction',va="center", ha="center",\ bbox=nodeType,arrowprops=arrow_args) #画箭头上的文字 def plotMidText(cntrPt,parentPt,txtString): lens=len(txtString) xMid=(parentPt[0]+cntrPt[0])/2.0-lens*0.002 yMid=(parentPt[1]+cntrPt[1])/2.0 createPlot.ax1.text(xMid,yMid,txtString) def plotTree(myTree,parentPt,nodeTxt): numLeafs=getNumLeafs(myTree) depth=getTreeDepth(myTree) firstStr=myTree.keys()[0] cntrPt=(plotTree.x0ff+(1.0+float(numLeafs))/2.0/plotTree.totalW,plotTree.y0ff) plotMidText(cntrPt,parentPt,nodeTxt) plotNode(firstStr,cntrPt,parentPt,decisionNode) secondDict=myTree[firstStr] plotTree.y0ff=plotTree.y0ff-1.0/plotTree.totalD for key in secondDict.keys(): if type(secondDict[key]).__name__=='dict': plotTree(secondDict[key],cntrPt,str(key)) else: plotTree.x0ff=plotTree.x0ff+1.0/plotTree.totalW plotNode(secondDict[key],(plotTree.x0ff,plotTree.y0ff),cntrPt,leafNode) plotMidText((plotTree.x0ff,plotTree.y0ff),cntrPt,str(key)) plotTree.y0ff=plotTree.y0ff+1.0/plotTree.totalD def createPlot(inTree): fig=plt.figure(1,facecolor='white') fig.clf() axprops=dict(xticks=[],yticks=[]) createPlot.ax1=plt.subplot(111,frameon=False,**axprops) plotTree.totalW=float(getNumLeafs(inTree)) plotTree.totalD=float(getTreeDepth(inTree)) plotTree.x0ff=-0.5/plotTree.totalW plotTree.y0ff=1.0 plotTree(inTree,(0.5,1.0),'') plt.show()
createPlot(myTree)
#主程序,递归产生决策树 def createTree(dataSet,labels): classList=[example[-1] for example in dataSet] if classList.count(classList[0])==len(classList): return classList[0] if len(dataSet[0])==1: return majorityCnt(classList) bestFeat=chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet,labels) bestFeatLabel=labels[bestFeat] myTree={bestFeatLabel:{}} del(labels[bestFeat]) featValues=[example[bestFeat] for example in dataSet] uniqueVals=set(featValues) #针对bestFeat的每个取值,划分出一个子树。 for value in uniqueVals: subLabels=labels[:] myTree[bestFeatLabel][value]=createTree(splitDataSet\ (dataSet,bestFeat,value),subLabels) return myTree