日志对任何的应用来说都是至关重要的。在Nodejs中使用express框架并没有自带的日志模块
,我们可以选择log4js来完成日志记录的功能。如果用过JAVA中log4j的同学,肯定对日志并不陌生,学习log4js会更得心应手的。
我们使用express框架时,开发模式用node或者supervisor启动nodejs应用时,控制台都是显示如下的日志。
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 1ms
GET /css/my.css 304 0ms
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 4ms
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 6ms
GET /js/holder.js 304 3ms
GET /cat/json/latest 200 6ms
GET /cat/json/master 200 4ms
GET /cat/json/classic 200 2ms
GET /about 200 6ms
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 2ms
GET /css/my.css 304 2ms
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 2ms
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 1ms
GET /js/holder.js 304 1ms
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 1ms
GET / 304 6ms
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 2ms
GET /css/my.css 304 1ms
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 1ms
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 2ms
GET /js/holder.js 304 2ms
GET /cat/json/latest 200 3ms
GET /cat/json/master 200 2ms
GET /cat/json/classic 200 2ms
GET /admin/ 304 13ms
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 3ms
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 2ms
GET /css/my.css 304 2ms
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 1ms
GET /js/holder.js 304 2ms
我们也可以在代码中,用console.log()打印一些控制台日志。修改routes/index.js:
exports.index = function(req, res){
console.log("This is an index page!");
res.render('index', {
title:'首页|moive.me',
page:'index'
});
};
访问页面,结果如下:
This is an index page!
GET / 304 19ms
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 4ms
GET /css/my.css 304 2ms
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 38ms
GET /js/holder.js 304 29ms
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 28ms
这样的输出的结果,都是在控制台显示,一旦server重启日志就丢失了。对于程序开发来说,这样的输出已经够用了。但是在生产环境上,我们希望能把控制台的输出,保存到文件中,而且需要更多的信息,不仅仅是默认的简化的日志信息。
由于express框架没有日志功能,我们需要引入log4js包来完成这个功能。
我们先可看一下,通过log4js输出的日志是什么样子的,下一节再介绍具体的配置。
This is an index page!
GET / 304 17ms
[2013-06-19 17:45:55.981] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3000/admin/" "Mozilla/5 .0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537.36"
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 10ms
[2013-06-19 17:45:56.015] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /css/bootstrap.min.css HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:30 00/admin/crawler/youku" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537.36"
GET /css/my.css 304 8ms
[2013-06-19 17:45:56.017] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /css/my.css HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3000/admin/cr awler/youku" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537 .36"
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 19ms
[2013-06-19 17:45:56.031] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3 000/admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537. 36"
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 13ms
[2013-06-19 17:45:56.037] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /js/bootstrap.min.js HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3000 /admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537.36"
GET /js/holder.js 304 20ms
[2013-06-19 17:45:56.040] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /js/holder.js HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3000/admin/ " "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537.36"
相同的请求,控制台输出的结果多了很多,完整的web服务器的日志格式。这才是生产环境需要的!信息更丰富,并且与nginx和apache是一样的格式。
下载log4js包
~ npm install log4js
log4js@0.6.6 node_modules\log4js
├── dequeue@1.0.3
├── semver@1.1.4
├── async@0.1.15
└── readable-stream@1.0.2
修改app.js
var log4js = require('log4js');
log4js.configure({
appenders: [
{
type: 'console'
}, //控制台输出
{
type: 'file', //文件输出
filename: 'logs/access.log',
maxLogSize: 1024,
backups:3,
category: 'normal'
}
]
});
var logger = log4js.getLogger('normal');
logger.setLevel('INFO');
...
//app.use(...)
//app.use(...)
app.use(log4js.connectLogger(logger, {level:log4js.levels.INFO}));
app.use(app.router);
需要在app.js中进行log4js的配置:
appenders中配置了两个输出,一个是控制台输出,一个是文件输出。
appenders.type=file的对象,指定文件输出位置及文件大小,当超过maxLogSize大小时,会自动生成一个新文件。
logs的文件目录要手动创建。
level:log4js.levels.INFO, 设置默认日志输出级别是INFO。
log4js的输出级别6个: trace, debug, info, warn, error, fatal
logger.trace(‘Entering cheese testing’);
logger.debug(‘Got cheese.’);
logger.info(‘Cheese is Gouda.’);
logger.warn(‘Cheese is quite smelly.’);
logger.error(‘Cheese is too ripe!’);
logger.fatal(‘Cheese was breeding ground for listeria.’);
如果输出级别是INFO,则不会打印出低于info级别的日志trace,debug,只打印info,warn,error,fatal
。这样做的好处在于,在生产环境中我们可能只关心异常和错误,并不关心调试信息。从而大大减少日志的输出,能减少磁盘写入。而在开发环境中,我们可以需要打印非常多的信息,帮助开发人员定位错误,调试代码。
还有一个好处就是,代码中可以混有各种的日志打印代码。我们只要在一个配置文件中,修改输出级别,日志输出就会发生变化,不用修改所有的代码
。如果所有地方都是console.log(),那么上线的时候,改动这个东西就要花很多时间。
上一节中,介绍了log4js和express集成。但默认的配置可能并不合适我们的项目,还需要对log4js的参数进行一些调整。
增加replaceConsole配置,让所有console输出到日志中,以[INFO] console代替console默认样式。
~ vi app.js
var log4js = require('log4js');
log4js.configure({
appenders: [
{
type: 'console'
},
{
type: 'file',
filename: 'logs/access.log',
maxLogSize: 1024,
backups:4,
category: 'normal'
}
],
replaceConsole: true
});
查看输出结果:
[2013-06-19 18:18:41.997] [INFO] console - This is an index page!
GET / 304 15ms
[2013-06-19 18:18:42.010] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3000/admin/" "Mozilla/5
.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537.36"
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 5ms
[2013-06-19 18:18:42.042] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /css/bootstrap.min.css HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:30
00/admin/crawler/youku" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110
Safari/537.36"
GET /css/my.css 304 11ms
[2013-06-19 18:18:42.051] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /css/my.css HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3000/admin/cr
awler/youku" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537
.36"
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 35ms
[2013-06-19 18:18:42.089] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3
000/admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537.
36"
GET /js/holder.js 304 42ms
[2013-06-19 18:18:42.098] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /js/holder.js HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3000/admin/
" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537.36"
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 11ms
[2013-06-19 18:18:42.101] [INFO] normal - 127.0.0.1 - - "GET /js/bootstrap.min.js HTTP/1.1" 304 - "http://localhost:3000
/admin/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537.36"
app.use(log4js.connectLogger(logger, {level: level:log4js.levels.INFO, format:':method :url'}));
输出结果:
[2013-06-19 18:23:25.230] [INFO] console - This is an index page!
GET / 304 28ms
[2013-06-19 18:23:25.251] [INFO] normal - GET /
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 5ms
[2013-06-19 18:23:25.287] [INFO] normal - GET /css/bootstrap.min.css
GET /css/my.css 304 3ms
[2013-06-19 18:23:25.292] [INFO] normal - GET /css/my.css
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 15ms
[2013-06-19 18:23:25.310] [INFO] normal - GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
GET /js/holder.js 304 9ms
[2013-06-19 18:23:25.321] [INFO] normal - GET /js/holder.js
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 17ms
[2013-06-19 18:23:25.338] [INFO] normal - GET /js/bootstrap.min.js
日志级别对应规则:
http responses 3xx, level = WARN
http responses 4xx & 5xx, level = ERROR
else, level = INFO
设置level为auto:
app.use(log4js.connectLogger(logger, {level: 'auto', format:':method :url'}));
下面日志为了对比方便我多打出了几行:
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.040] [INFO] console - This is an index page!
GET / 304 16ms
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.053] [WARN] normal - GET /
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 9ms
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.086] [WARN] normal - GET /css/bootstrap.min.css
GET /css/my.css 304 9ms
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.097] [WARN] normal - GET /css/my.css
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 26ms
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.128] [WARN] normal - GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
GET /js/holder.js 304 32ms
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.164] [WARN] normal - GET /js/holder.js
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 1ms
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.166] [WARN] normal - GET /js/bootstrap.min.js
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.204] [INFO] normal - GET /cat/json/latest
GET /cat/json/latest 200 10ms
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.211] [INFO] normal - GET /cat/json/master
GET /cat/json/master 200 4ms
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.219] [INFO] normal - GET /cat/json/classic
GET /cat/json/classic 200 9ms
GET /img/movie/emptySmall.png 304 1ms
[2013-06-19 18:24:56.263] [WARN] normal - GET /img/movie/emptySmall.png
应该有同学发现了,我们在配置log4js时会有一个问题。就是所有配置信息都是在app.js中做的,logger也是在这里直接定义的。如果在控制器(routes)想用log4js进行输出,我们现在拿不到logger的句柄
。
修改app.js:
~ vi app.js
var log4js = require('log4js');
log4js.configure({
appenders: [
{ type: 'console' },{
type: 'file',
filename: 'logs/access.log',
maxLogSize: 1024,
backups:4,
category: 'normal'
}
],
replaceConsole: true
});
//var logger = log4js.getLogger(name);
//logger.setLevel('INFO');
....
app.use(log4js.connectLogger(this.logger('normal'), {level:'auto', format:':method :url'}));
....
exports.logger=function(name){
var logger = log4js.getLogger(name);
logger.setLevel('INFO');
return logger;
}
我们把logger单独定义出来,并且做为API暴露出来。在index.js中使用logger输出:
~ vi routes/index.js
var logger = require('../app').logger('index');
exports.index = function(req, res){
console.log("This is an index page!");
logger.info("This is an index page! -- log4js");
res.render('index', {
title:'首页|moive.me',
page:'index'
});
};
打印出来结果:
[2013-06-19 18:56:51.924] [INFO] console - This is an index page!
[2013-06-19 18:56:51.925] [INFO] index - This is an index page! -- log4js
GET / 304 17ms
[2013-06-19 18:56:51.938] [WARN] [default] - GET /
GET /css/bootstrap.min.css 304 5ms
[2013-06-19 18:56:51.978] [WARN] [default] - GET /css/bootstrap.min.css
GET /css/my.css 304 2ms
[2013-06-19 18:56:51.981] [WARN] [default] - GET /css/my.css
GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js 304 2ms
[2013-06-19 18:56:51.984] [WARN] [default] - GET /js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
GET /js/holder.js 304 3ms
[2013-06-19 18:56:51.989] [WARN] [default] - GET /js/holder.js
GET /js/bootstrap.min.js 304 9ms
[2013-06-19 18:56:52.002] [WARN] [default] - GET /js/bootstrap.min.js