Fedora 20 源码编译安装最新版的python 3.4.2

1. 下载最新版的python3.4.2

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.4.2/Python-3.4.2.tar.xz
https://www.python.org/downloads/

python 自带的 IDEL 编辑器依赖 tkinter 模块

tkinter 模块又依赖 tcl 和 tk 库， 所以还需要下载这俩个库。

http://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/download.html

从这个地址分别下载 tcl8.6.2-src.tar.gz 和 tk8.6.2-src.tar.gz

2. 先安装 tcl 库， 再安装 tk 库。

tar -xzvf tcl8.6.2-src.tar.gz
cd tcl8.6.2
./configure \
--prefix=/home/kuaile/usr/python3.4 \
--enable-64bit
make -j4
make install

tcl 库安装完成后， 导入相应的环境变量

export PATH=/home/kuaile/usr/python3.4/bin:$PATH
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/kuaile/usr/python3.4/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/kuaile/usr/python3.4/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

然后安装 tk 库

tar -xzvf tk8.6.2-src.tar.gz
cd tk8.6.2
./configure \
--prefix=/home/kuaile/usr/python3.4 \
--with-tcl=/home/kuaile/usr/python3.4/lib \
--enable-64bit
make -j4
make install

tcl 和 tk 库正确安装完成后就可以安装python了。

3. 安装python

tar -xJvf Python-3.4.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.4.2

python3 默认不包含 tkinter 模块

需要编辑 Python-3.4.2/Modules/Setup.dist 这个文件。

用自己熟悉的文本编辑器打开这个文件 找到 tkinter 模块这段

<pre name="code" class="plain"># The _tkinter module.
#
# The command for _tkinter is long and site specific.  Please
# uncomment and/or edit those parts as indicated.  If you don't have a
# specific extension (e.g. Tix or BLT), leave the corresponding line
# commented out.  (Leave the trailing backslashes in!  If you
# experience strange errors, you may want to join all uncommented
# lines and remove the backslashes -- the backslash interpretation is
# done by the shell's "read" command and it may not be implemented on
# every system.

# *** Always uncomment this (leave the leading underscore in!):
# _tkinter _tkinter.c tkappinit.c -DWITH_APPINIT \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect where your Tcl/Tk libraries are:
#	-L/usr/local/lib \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect where your Tcl/Tk headers are:
#	-I/usr/local/include \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect where your X11 header files are:
#	-I/usr/X11R6/include \
# *** Or uncomment this for Solaris:
#	-I/usr/openwin/include \
# *** Uncomment and edit for Tix extension only:
#	-DWITH_TIX -ltix8.1.8.2 \
# *** Uncomment and edit for BLT extension only:
#	-DWITH_BLT -I/usr/local/blt/blt8.0-unoff/include -lBLT8.0 \
# *** Uncomment and edit for PIL (TkImaging) extension only:
#     (See http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/ for more info)
#	-DWITH_PIL -I../Extensions/Imaging/libImaging  tkImaging.c \
# *** Uncomment and edit for TOGL extension only:
#	-DWITH_TOGL togl.c \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect your Tcl/Tk versions:
#	-ltk8.2 -ltcl8.2 \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect where your X11 libraries are:
#	-L/usr/X11R6/lib \
# *** Or uncomment this for Solaris:
#	-L/usr/openwin/lib \
# *** Uncomment these for TOGL extension only:
#	-lGL -lGLU -lXext -lXmu \
# *** Uncomment for AIX:
#	-lld \
# *** Always uncomment this; X11 libraries to link with:
#	-lX11

把相应的注释去掉并需改为正确的值。

# The _tkinter module.
#
# The command for _tkinter is long and site specific.  Please
# uncomment and/or edit those parts as indicated.  If you don't have a
# specific extension (e.g. Tix or BLT), leave the corresponding line
# commented out.  (Leave the trailing backslashes in!  If you
# experience strange errors, you may want to join all uncommented
# lines and remove the backslashes -- the backslash interpretation is
# done by the shell's "read" command and it may not be implemented on
# every system.

# *** Always uncomment this (leave the leading underscore in!):
 _tkinter _tkinter.c tkappinit.c -DWITH_APPINIT \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect where your Tcl/Tk libraries are:
	-L/home/kuaile/kusr/python3.4/lib \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect where your Tcl/Tk headers are:
	-I/home/kuaile/kusr/python3.4/include \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect where your X11 header files are:
#	-I/usr/X11R6/include \
# *** Or uncomment this for Solaris:
#	-I/usr/openwin/include \
# *** Uncomment and edit for Tix extension only:
#	-DWITH_TIX -ltix8.1.8.2 \
# *** Uncomment and edit for BLT extension only:
#	-DWITH_BLT -I/usr/local/blt/blt8.0-unoff/include -lBLT8.0 \
# *** Uncomment and edit for PIL (TkImaging) extension only:
#     (See http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/ for more info)
#	-DWITH_PIL -I../Extensions/Imaging/libImaging  tkImaging.c \
# *** Uncomment and edit for TOGL extension only:
#	-DWITH_TOGL togl.c \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect your Tcl/Tk versions:
	-ltk8.6 -ltcl8.6 \
# *** Uncomment and edit to reflect where your X11 libraries are:
#	-L/usr/X11R6/lib \
# *** Or uncomment this for Solaris:
#	-L/usr/openwin/lib \
# *** Uncomment these for TOGL extension only:
#	-lGL -lGLU -lXext -lXmu \
# *** Uncomment for AIX:
#	-lld \
# *** Always uncomment this; X11 libraries to link with:
	-lX11

主要修改 tcl 和 tk 库相应的变量值， 还有 X11 的注释也要去掉。

完成后，就可以开始编译python了。

./configure \
--prefix=/home/kuaile/usr/python3.4 \
--with-tcltk-includes='-I/home/kuaile/usr/python3.4/include' \
--with-tcltk-libs='-L/home/kuaile/usr/python3.4/lib'

make -4
make install

到此，python3 安装完成。