iOS-UIWebView的用法,js交互

一、UIWebView的基础使用

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // 1、创建UIWebView:

    CGRect bouds = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds;
    UIWebView* webView = [[UIWebView alloc]initWithFrame:bouds];

    // 2、加载在线资源http内容

    NSURL* url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];//创建URL
    NSURLRequest* request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];//创建
    [webView loadRequest:request];//加载

    // 2、 加载本地文件的方法:

    /** * //第一种方法: NSString* path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"index" ofType:@"html"];//mobile是根目录,name是文件名称,html是文件类型 [webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:path]]]; //加载本地文件 //第二种方法: NSString *resourcePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath]; NSString *filePath = [resourcePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mobile.html"]; NSString *htmlstring=[[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil]; [webView loadHTMLString:htmlstring baseURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]]]; */

    // 3、导航

    // UIWebView类内部会管理浏览器的导航动作,通过goForward和goBack方法你可以控制前进与后退动作:

    [webView goBack];
    [webView goForward];

    // 4、UIWebViewDelegate委托代理

    webView.delegate = self;

    // 5、显示网页视图UIWebView:

    [self.view addSubview:webView];
}

# pragma mark - UIWebView 的代理方法
- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType;//当网页视图被指示载入内容而得到通知。应当返回YES,这样会进行加载
- (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView { //当网页视图已经开始加载一个请求后,得到通知。
    // [webView stopLoading];//取消载入内容
}
- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView;//当网页视图结束加载一个请求之后,得到通知。
- (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(nullable NSError *)error {
    // [webView reload];//重载
}//当在请求加载中发生错误时,得到通知。会提供一个NSSError对象,以标识所发生错误类型。

以上是IOS中UIWebView的基础使用要点详解,接下来一些UIWebView的常用注意点算是比较细节的部分。

二、IOS中UIWebView常用注意点:
1、与UIWebView进行交互,调用web页面中的需要传参的函数时,参数需要带单引号,或者双引号(双引号要进行转义在转义字符前加\),传递json字符串时不需要加单引号或双引号:

-(void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView

{
    NSString *sendJsStr=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"openFile(\"%@\")", jsDocPathStr];
    [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:sendJsStr];

}

2、在该代理方法中判断与webView的交互,可通过html里定义的协议实现:

 - (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView*)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest*)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType;

3、只有在webView加载完毕之后在能够调用对应页面中的js方法。

4、为webView添加背景图片:

webView.backgroundColor=[UIColor clearColor];
//这句话很重要,webView是否是不透明的,no为透明 在webView下添加个imageView展示图片就可以了
webView.opaque=NO;

5、获取webView页面内容信息:

NSString *docStr=[webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.documentElement.textContent"];
//获取web页面内容信息,此处获取的是个son字符串

SBJsonParser *parserJson=[[[SBJsonParser alloc]init]autorelease];

NSDictionary *contentDic=[parserJson objectWithString:docStr];
//将json字符串转化为字典

6、将文件下载到本地址然后再用webView打开(打开HTML5):

NSString *path = [[[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"];
NSString *resourceDocPath = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:path];

self.filePath = [resourceDocPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"maydoc%@",docType]];

NSData *attachmentData = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:theUrl]];
[attachmentData writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];

NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath];
NSURLRequest *requestObj = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

[attachmentWebView loadRequest:requestObj];
//删除指定目录下的文件

NSFileManager *magngerDoc=[NSFileManager defaultManager];

[magngerDoc removeItemAtPath:filePath error:nil];

8、处理webView展示txt文档乱码问题:

if ([theType isEqualToString:@".txt"]) {

    //txt分带编码和不带编码两种,带编码的如UTF-8格式txt,不带编码的如ANSI格式txt

    //不带的,可以依次尝试GBK和GB18030编码

    NSString* aStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:attachmentData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    if (!aStr)
    {

        //用GBK进行编码
        aStr=[[NSString alloc] initWithData:attachmentData encoding:0x80000632];

    }

    if (!aStr)
    {

        //用GBK编码不行,再用GB18030编码
        aStr=[[NSString alloc] initWithData:attachmentData encoding:0x80000631];

    }

    //通过html语言进行排版

    NSString* responseStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:
                             @"%@",aStr];
    [attachmentWebView loadHTMLString:responseStr baseURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]]];

    return;
}

9、使用webView加载本地或网络文件整个流程:

9.1、Loading a local PDF file into the web view

- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];

    //从本地加载

    NSString *thePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"iPhone_User_Guide" ofType:@"pdf"];

    if (thePath) {

        NSData *pdfData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:thePath];

        [(UIWebView *)self.view loadData:pdfData MIMEType:@"application/pdf"

                        textEncodingName:@"utf-8" baseURL:nil];

    }
    //从网络加载

    [self.myWebView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com/"]]];

}

9.2、The web-view delegate managing network loading

- (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView

{

    // starting the load, show the activity indicator in the status bar

    [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = YES;

}

- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView

{

    // finished loading, hide the activity indicator in the status bar

    [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;

}

- (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error

{

    // load error, hide the activity indicator in the status bar

    [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;

    // report the error inside the webview

    NSString* errorString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"An error occurred:%@",error.localizedDescription];
    [self.myWebView loadHTMLString:errorString baseURL:nil];

}

9.3、Stopping a load request when the web view is to disappear

- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {

    if ( [self.myWebView loading] ) {

        [self.myWebView stopLoading];

    }

    self.myWebView.delegate = nil;    // disconnect the delegate as the webview is hidden

    [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;

}

10、查找webView中的scrollview:

- (void) addScrollViewListener {

    UIScrollView* currentScrollView;

    for (UIView* subView in self.webView.subviews) {

        if ([subView isKindOfClass:[UIScrollView class]]) {

            currentScrollView = (UIScrollView*)subView;

            currentScrollView.delegate = self;

        }

    }

11、去掉webView的阴影,做成类似scrollView:

- (void)clearBackgroundWithColor:(UIColor*)color {
    // 去掉webview的阴影
    self.backgroundColor = color;
    for (UIView* subView in [self subviews])
    {
        if ([subView isKindOfClass:[UIScrollView class]]) {
            for (UIView* shadowView in [subView subviews])
            {
                if ([shadowView isKindOfClass:[UIImageView class]]) {
                    [shadowView setHidden:YES];
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

12、取消长按webView上的链接弹出actionSheet的问题:

-(void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView { [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.documentElement.style.webkitTouchCallout = 'none';"];
}

13、取消webView上的超级链接加载问题:

-(BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType {
    if (navigationType==UIWebViewNavigationTypeLinkClicked) {
        return NO;
    } else {
        return YES;
    }
}

14、在使用webView进行新浪微博分享时,webView会自动保存登陆的cookie导致项目中的分享模块有些问题,删除 webView的cookie的方法:

-(void)deleteCookieForDominPathStr:(NSString *)thePath

{
    //删除本地cookie,thePath为cookie路径通过打印cookie可知道其路径

    for(NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]) {

        if([[cookie domain] isEqualToString:thePath]) {

            [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] deleteCookie:cookie];

        }

    }

}

15、在UIWebView中使用flashScrollIndicators

使用UIScrollView时,我们可以使用flashScrollIndicators方法显示滚动标识然后消失,告知用户此页面可以滚动,后面还有更多内容。UIWebView内部依赖于UIScrollView,但是其没有flashScrollIndicators方法,但可以通过其他途径使用此方法,如下所示。

for (id subView in [webView subviews]){

    if ([subView respondsToSelector:@selector(flashScrollIndicators)]){
        [subView flashScrollIndicators];
    }
}

上述代码片段可以到webViewDidFinishLoad回调中使用,加载完网页内容后flash显示滚动标识。

16、根据内容获取UIWebView的高度:

有时候需要根据不同的内容调整UIWebView的高度,以使UIWebView刚好装下所有内容,不用拖动,后面也不会留白。有两种方式可根据加载内容获取UIWebView的合适高度,但都需要在网页内容加载完成后才可以,即需要在webViewDidFinishLoad回调中使用

①.使用sizeThatFits方法。

- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView

{

    CGRect frame = webView.frame;

    frame.size.height = 1;

    webView.frame = frame;

    CGSize fittingSize = [webView sizeThatFits:CGSizeZero];

    frame.size = fittingSize;

    webView.frame = frame;

}

sizeThatFits方法有个问题,如果当前UIView的大小比刚好合适的大小还大,则返回当前的大小,不会返回最合适的大小值,所以使用sizeThatFits前,先将UIWebView的高度设为最小,即1,然后再使用sizeThatFits就会返回刚好合适的大小。

②、使用JavaScript

- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView

{
    CGRect frame = webView.frame;

    NSString *fitHeight = [webview stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.body.scrollHeight;"];

    frame.size.height = [fitHeight floatValue];

    webView.frame = frame;
}



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