编程语言有汇编,高级语言,解释语言等,现在图形化编程也越来越流行。图形化编程简单易学。8年前,微软推出了VPL用于机器人程序设计,如Python和JavaScript都可以用图形化框图实现程序,有趣直观。
视频介绍教程,请参考:http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTc4NjkwMDgyOA
当然也可以用Matlab的Simulink实现:
https://cn.mathworks.com/help/robotics/examples/get-started-with-ros-in-simulink.html
图1
LiveBlox就是典型的一种,具体参考之前博客:http://blog.csdn.net/ZhangRelay/article/details/51991997
这里主要介绍用于ROS的图形化编程工具,首先,主要参考网址如下:
1 https://github.com/erlerobot/robot_blockly
2 https://github.com/hcrlab/code_it
其中,1 robot_blockly实现简洁,并且介绍详细,这里不过多介绍。
这里主要介绍2 code_it。
图2
依次输入下面命令:
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_5.x | sudo -E bash - sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
sudo apt-get install ros-indigo-rosbridge-server
npm install -g gulp bower npm install bower install
并用nvm use 4.6.1,选择合适的node版本。
~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend$ nvm use 4.6.1 Now using node v4.6.1 (npm v2.15.9)
~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend$ gulp [13:51:49] Using gulpfile ~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend/gulpfile.js [13:51:49] Starting 'clean'... [13:51:50] Finished 'clean' after 472 ms [13:51:50] Starting 'default'... [13:51:50] Starting 'copy'... [13:51:50] Starting 'styles'... [13:51:51] styles all files 98 B [13:51:51] Finished 'styles' after 1.08 s [13:51:52] copy all files 16.77 MB [13:51:52] Finished 'copy' after 2.1 s [13:51:52] Starting 'elements'... [13:51:52] Finished 'elements' after 9.34 ms [13:51:52] Starting 'lint'... [13:51:53] Starting 'images'... [13:51:53] Starting 'fonts'... [13:51:53] Starting 'html'... [13:51:54] Finished 'fonts' after 461 ms [13:51:57] Finished 'lint' after 5.48 s [13:51:57] gulp-imagemin: Minified 7 images (saved 1.45 kB - 3.2%) [13:51:57] images all files 43.69 kB [13:51:57] Finished 'images' after 4.08 s [13:51:57] html all files 83.06 kB [13:51:57] Finished 'html' after 4.01 s [13:51:57] Starting 'vulcanize'... [13:52:00] vulcanize all files 628.85 kB [13:52:00] Finished 'vulcanize' after 2.53 s [13:52:00] Finished 'default' after 10 s
分别在不同终端输入下面命令:
~$ roslaunch rosbridge_server rosbridge_websocket.launch
logging to /home/exbot/.ros/log/084a8eba-a18a-11e6-9113-70f1a1ca7552/roslaunch-relay-Aspire-4741-6570.log Checking log directory for disk usage. This may take awhile. Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Done checking log file disk usage. Usage is <1GB. started roslaunch server http://relay-Aspire-4741:38297/ SUMMARY ======== PARAMETERS * /rosbridge_websocket/address: * /rosbridge_websocket/authenticate: False * /rosbridge_websocket/delay_between_messages: 0 * /rosbridge_websocket/fragment_timeout: 600 * /rosbridge_websocket/max_message_size: None * /rosbridge_websocket/port: 9090 * /rosbridge_websocket/retry_startup_delay: 5 * /rosdistro: indigo * /rosversion: 1.11.20 NODES / rosapi (rosapi/rosapi_node) rosbridge_websocket (rosbridge_server/rosbridge_websocket) auto-starting new master process[master]: started with pid [6582] ROS_MASTER_URI=http://localhost:11311 setting /run_id to 084a8eba-a18a-11e6-9113-70f1a1ca7552 process[rosout-1]: started with pid [6595] started core service [/rosout] process[rosbridge_websocket-2]: started with pid [6602] process[rosapi-3]: started with pid [6613] registered capabilities (classes): - rosbridge_library.capabilities.call_service.CallService - rosbridge_library.capabilities.advertise.Advertise - rosbridge_library.capabilities.publish.Publish - rosbridge_library.capabilities.subscribe.Subscribe - <class 'rosbridge_library.capabilities.defragmentation.Defragment'> - rosbridge_library.capabilities.advertise_service.AdvertiseService - rosbridge_library.capabilities.service_response.ServiceResponse - rosbridge_library.capabilities.unadvertise_service.UnadvertiseService [INFO] [WallTime: 1478152491.544249] Rosbridge WebSocket server started on port 9090 [INFO] [WallTime: 1478152523.004659] Client connected. 1 clients total. [INFO] [WallTime: 1478152524.576138] [Client 0] Subscribed to /blinky/goal [INFO] [WallTime: 1478152524.583260] [Client 0] Subscribed to /blinky/cancel
~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend$ gulp serve
[13:55:03] Using gulpfile ~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend/gulpfile.js [13:55:03] Starting 'lint'... [13:55:05] Starting 'styles'... [13:55:06] Starting 'elements'... [13:55:06] Starting 'images'... [13:55:06] Finished 'elements' after 128 ms [13:55:06] styles all files 98 B [13:55:06] Finished 'styles' after 1.36 s [13:55:07] Finished 'lint' after 3.49 s [13:55:07] gulp-imagemin: Minified 7 images (saved 1.45 kB - 3.2%) [13:55:07] images all files 43.69 kB [13:55:07] Finished 'images' after 1.71 s [13:55:07] Starting 'serve'... [13:55:07] Finished 'serve' after 101 ms [PSK] Access URLs: -------------------------------------- Local: http://localhost:5001 External: http://192.168.1.102:5001 -------------------------------------- UI: http://localhost:3001 UI External: http://192.168.1.102:3001 -------------------------------------- [PSK] Serving files from: .tmp [PSK] Serving files from: app
图3
输入:http://localhost:3001/,就可以看到:
图4
$ rostopic list /blinky/cancel /blinky/feedback /blinky/goal /blinky/result /blinky/status /rosout /rosout_agg在终端直接输入下面命令,就可以发布一段文字:
rostopic pub -1 blinky/goal blinky/FaceActionGoal "header: seq: 0 stamp: secs: 0 nsecs: 0 frame_id: '' goal_id: stamp: secs: 0 nsecs: 0 id: '' goal: display_type: 'displayMessage' h1_text: 'Hi relay,this is OK' h2_text: 'Do you happy Now?'"图5
更多内容查看原版介绍,发现更多惊喜。
一个独立的Blockly编程应用程序,并与ROS集成。 它允许您使用图形界面生成机器人的代码,并运行它。 你实现机器人的“创意”,它们与JavaScript的一个子集结合形成程序。您从界面可以运行程序并在程序中停止它们。
CodeIt! 与RWS兼容。
它是如何工作的?
CodeIt!提供前端和后端。前端是一个网站,它允许您使用Blockly编程接口创建程序。它还具有用于添加,更新或删除程序的简单界面。
后端提供了一个运行JavaScript程序的ROS actionlib服务器。程序通过沙盒解释器运行。您必须定义解释器将运行的机器人基元。大多数原语只做了很少的工作,只是调用ROS服务。后端还包括已创建的程序的数据库。
注意CodeIt!本身并不实现任何机器人功能。相反,它调用ROS服务来做机器人上的实际工作,假定存在提供这些服务的一些节点。由你来实现这些服务来做你的机器人的事情。我们有一些预先实现的这些服务的PR2和Turtlebot。然而,这些仍处于发展的早期阶段,没有记录。如果您真的有兴趣使用这些,请通过提交问题与我们联系,我们将很乐意提供帮助。
主要分为四步,分别在不同终端运行,步骤和解释如下:
1 roslaunch rosbridge_server rosbridge_websocket.launch
2 rosrun code_it programs.py - 这是保存和加载程序到MongoDB和从MongoDB的后端。
3 从后端文件夹,运行 nvm use 0.10.40; meteor - 这是运行程序的JavaScript解释器。
4 从frontend文件夹,运行 nvm use node; gulp serve - 这是前端。 用浏览器localhost:5000查看页面。
图6
注意:meteor和gulp必须正常加载,如果报错需要结合情况进行调试,出现如下结果,就OK!:
meteor:
exbot@relay-Aspire-4741:~/catkin_ws/src/code_it-indigo-devel/backend$ meteor [[[[[ ~/catkin_ws/src/code_it-indigo-devel/backend ]]]]] => Started proxy. => Meteor 1.4.2 is available. Update this project with 'meteor update'. => Started MongoDB. => Started your app. => App running at: http://localhost:3000/ I20161103-14:23:00.028(8)? Error connecting to websocket server. W20161103-14:23:00.026(8)? (STDERR) DEBUG: ROSLib uses utf8 encoding by default.It would be more efficent to use ascii (if possible)这时没有启动websocket server,启动即可。
gulp:
exbot@relay-Aspire-4741:~/catkin_ws/src/code_it-indigo-devel/frontend$ gulp [14:22:02] Using gulpfile ~/catkin_ws/src/code_it-indigo-devel/frontend/gulpfile.js [14:22:02] Starting 'clean'... [14:22:03] Finished 'clean' after 633 ms [14:22:03] Starting 'default'... [14:22:03] Starting 'copy'... [14:22:03] Starting 'styles'... [14:22:05] styles all files 115.06 kB [14:22:05] Finished 'styles' after 2.21 s [14:22:06] copy all files 25.72 MB [14:22:06] Finished 'copy' after 3.53 s [14:22:06] Starting 'elements'... [14:22:06] Finished 'elements' after 9.43 ms [14:22:06] Starting 'lint'... [14:22:08] Starting 'images'... [14:22:09] Starting 'fonts'... [14:22:09] Starting 'html'... [14:22:09] Finished 'fonts' after 797 ms [14:22:13] Finished 'lint' after 7.14 s [14:22:13] gulp-imagemin: Minified 6 images (saved 494 B - 1.4%) [14:22:13] images all files 35.41 kB [14:22:13] Finished 'images' after 5.08 s [14:22:15] html all files 747.78 kB [14:22:15] Finished 'html' after 5.94 s [14:22:15] Starting 'vulcanize'... [14:22:19] vulcanize all files 1.52 MB [14:22:19] Finished 'vulcanize' after 3.95 s [14:22:19] Finished 'default' after 16 s
启动后效果如下:
图8
图9
-End-