ROS(indigo) 用于机器人控制的图形化编程工具--code_it robot_blockly

0 简介:

编程语言有汇编,高级语言,解释语言等,现在图形化编程也越来越流行。图形化编程简单易学。8年前,微软推出了VPL用于机器人程序设计,如Python和JavaScript都可以用图形化框图实现程序,有趣直观。

视频介绍教程,请参考:http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTc4NjkwMDgyOA

当然也可以用Matlab的Simulink实现:

https://cn.mathworks.com/help/robotics/examples/get-started-with-ros-in-simulink.html

图1


LiveBlox就是典型的一种,具体参考之前博客:http://blog.csdn.net/ZhangRelay/article/details/51991997

1 参考资料:

这里主要介绍用于ROS的图形化编程工具,首先,主要参考网址如下:

1 https://github.com/erlerobot/robot_blockly

2 https://github.com/hcrlab/code_it

其中,1 robot_blockly实现简洁,并且介绍详细,这里不过多介绍。

这里主要介绍2 code_it。

2 一个简单交互的例子Blinky:

图2


2.1 安装:

依次输入下面命令:

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_5.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

从 https://github.com/hcrlab/blinky,下载并编译,使用catkin(~/catkin_ws$ catkin_make),不赘述。

sudo apt-get install ros-indigo-rosbridge-server

在blinky的frontend文件夹下( ~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend$ npm install -g gulp bower), 依次运行下面命令:

npm install -g gulp bower
npm install
bower install

完成后,使用gulp,看是否报错,如果出错,使用npm install xxx,下载对应功能包即可。

并用nvm use 4.6.1,选择合适的node版本。

~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend$ nvm use 4.6.1
Now using node v4.6.1 (npm v2.15.9)

gulp:

~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend$ gulp
[13:51:49] Using gulpfile ~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend/gulpfile.js
[13:51:49] Starting 'clean'...
[13:51:50] Finished 'clean' after 472 ms
[13:51:50] Starting 'default'...
[13:51:50] Starting 'copy'...
[13:51:50] Starting 'styles'...
[13:51:51] styles all files 98 B
[13:51:51] Finished 'styles' after 1.08 s
[13:51:52] copy all files 16.77 MB
[13:51:52] Finished 'copy' after 2.1 s
[13:51:52] Starting 'elements'...
[13:51:52] Finished 'elements' after 9.34 ms
[13:51:52] Starting 'lint'...
[13:51:53] Starting 'images'...
[13:51:53] Starting 'fonts'...
[13:51:53] Starting 'html'...
[13:51:54] Finished 'fonts' after 461 ms
[13:51:57] Finished 'lint' after 5.48 s
[13:51:57] gulp-imagemin: Minified 7 images (saved 1.45 kB - 3.2%)
[13:51:57] images all files 43.69 kB
[13:51:57] Finished 'images' after 4.08 s
[13:51:57] html all files 83.06 kB
[13:51:57] Finished 'html' after 4.01 s
[13:51:57] Starting 'vulcanize'...
[13:52:00] vulcanize all files 628.85 kB
[13:52:00] Finished 'vulcanize' after 2.53 s
[13:52:00] Finished 'default' after 10 s

2.2 使用:

分别在不同终端输入下面命令:

~$ roslaunch rosbridge_server rosbridge_websocket.launch
logging to /home/exbot/.ros/log/084a8eba-a18a-11e6-9113-70f1a1ca7552/roslaunch-relay-Aspire-4741-6570.log
Checking log directory for disk usage. This may take awhile.
Press Ctrl-C to interrupt
Done checking log file disk usage. Usage is <1GB.

started roslaunch server http://relay-Aspire-4741:38297/

SUMMARY
========

PARAMETERS
 * /rosbridge_websocket/address: 
 * /rosbridge_websocket/authenticate: False
 * /rosbridge_websocket/delay_between_messages: 0
 * /rosbridge_websocket/fragment_timeout: 600
 * /rosbridge_websocket/max_message_size: None
 * /rosbridge_websocket/port: 9090
 * /rosbridge_websocket/retry_startup_delay: 5
 * /rosdistro: indigo
 * /rosversion: 1.11.20

NODES
  /
    rosapi (rosapi/rosapi_node)
    rosbridge_websocket (rosbridge_server/rosbridge_websocket)

auto-starting new master
process[master]: started with pid [6582]
ROS_MASTER_URI=http://localhost:11311

setting /run_id to 084a8eba-a18a-11e6-9113-70f1a1ca7552
process[rosout-1]: started with pid [6595]
started core service [/rosout]
process[rosbridge_websocket-2]: started with pid [6602]
process[rosapi-3]: started with pid [6613]
registered capabilities (classes):
 - rosbridge_library.capabilities.call_service.CallService
 - rosbridge_library.capabilities.advertise.Advertise
 - rosbridge_library.capabilities.publish.Publish
 - rosbridge_library.capabilities.subscribe.Subscribe
 - <class 'rosbridge_library.capabilities.defragmentation.Defragment'>
 - rosbridge_library.capabilities.advertise_service.AdvertiseService
 - rosbridge_library.capabilities.service_response.ServiceResponse
 - rosbridge_library.capabilities.unadvertise_service.UnadvertiseService
[INFO] [WallTime: 1478152491.544249] Rosbridge WebSocket server started on port 9090
[INFO] [WallTime: 1478152523.004659] Client connected.  1 clients total.
[INFO] [WallTime: 1478152524.576138] [Client 0] Subscribed to /blinky/goal
[INFO] [WallTime: 1478152524.583260] [Client 0] Subscribed to /blinky/cancel

~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend$ gulp serve

[13:55:03] Using gulpfile ~/catkin_ws/src/blinky-indigo-devel/frontend/gulpfile.js
[13:55:03] Starting 'lint'...
[13:55:05] Starting 'styles'...
[13:55:06] Starting 'elements'...
[13:55:06] Starting 'images'...
[13:55:06] Finished 'elements' after 128 ms
[13:55:06] styles all files 98 B
[13:55:06] Finished 'styles' after 1.36 s
[13:55:07] Finished 'lint' after 3.49 s
[13:55:07] gulp-imagemin: Minified 7 images (saved 1.45 kB - 3.2%)
[13:55:07] images all files 43.69 kB
[13:55:07] Finished 'images' after 1.71 s
[13:55:07] Starting 'serve'...
[13:55:07] Finished 'serve' after 101 ms
[PSK] Access URLs:
 --------------------------------------
       Local: http://localhost:5001
    External: http://192.168.1.102:5001
 --------------------------------------
          UI: http://localhost:3001
 UI External: http://192.168.1.102:3001
 --------------------------------------
[PSK] Serving files from: .tmp
[PSK] Serving files from: app

打开浏览器,输入:http://localhost:5001/,就可以看到:

图3

ROS(indigo) 用于机器人控制的图形化编程工具--code_it robot_blockly_第1张图片

输入:http://localhost:3001/,就可以看到:

图4

ROS(indigo) 用于机器人控制的图形化编程工具--code_it robot_blockly_第2张图片

$ rostopic list 
/blinky/cancel
/blinky/feedback
/blinky/goal
/blinky/result
/blinky/status
/rosout
/rosout_agg
在终端直接输入下面命令,就可以发布一段文字:

rostopic pub -1 blinky/goal blinky/FaceActionGoal "header:
  seq: 0
  stamp:
    secs: 0
    nsecs: 0
  frame_id: ''
goal_id:
  stamp:
    secs: 0
    nsecs: 0
  id: ''
goal:
  display_type: 'displayMessage'
  h1_text: 'Hi relay,this is OK'
  h2_text: 'Do you happy Now?'"
图5

ROS(indigo) 用于机器人控制的图形化编程工具--code_it robot_blockly_第3张图片

更多内容查看原版介绍,发现更多惊喜。


3 图形化编程CodeIt!

一个独立的Blockly编程应用程序,并与ROS集成。 它允许您使用图形界面生成机器人的代码,并运行它。 你实现机器人的“创意”,它们与JavaScript的一个子集结合形成程序。您从界面可以运行程序并在程序中停止它们。
CodeIt! 与RWS兼容。


它是如何工作的?
CodeIt!提供前端和后端。前端是一个网站,它允许您使用Blockly编程接口创建程序。它还具有用于添加,更新或删除程序的简单界面。
后端提供了一个运行JavaScript程序的ROS actionlib服务器。程序通过沙盒解释器运行。您必须定义解释器将运行的机器人基元。大多数原语只做了很少的工作,只是调用ROS服务。后端还包括已创建的程序的数据库。
注意CodeIt!本身并不实现任何机器人功能。相反,它调用ROS服务来做机器人上的实际工作,假定存在提供这些服务的一些节点。由你来实现这些服务来做你的机器人的事情。我们有一些预先实现的这些服务的PR2和Turtlebot。然而,这些仍处于发展的早期阶段,没有记录。如果您真的有兴趣使用这些,请通过提交问题与我们联系,我们将很乐意提供帮助。

3.1 安装

这个项目使用Git子模块,所以使用git clone --recursive [email protected]:hcrlab / code_it.git克隆这个repo。
要安装,您需要克隆:
blinky - 用于基于Web的机器人面的ROS包
code_it_msgs
location_server
- 用于存储和检索要导航到的位置
code_it_turtlebotcode_it_pr2 - 这些实现ROS服务实际控制机器人,CodeIt!调用。您也可以自己为另一个机器人实现这些服务,请参阅code_it_msgs查看当前定义的服务。
您还需要安装:
MongoDB - 安装MongoDB和pymongo
确保pymongo是版本3(例如,3.3),如果没有,升级使用命令:sudo pip install pymongo --upgrade
Meteor
- 从Meteor网站安装,ubuntu直接在终端输入:curl https://install.meteor.com/ | sh
Node
- 强烈建议使用nvm安装Node。 nvm允许您轻松地在任意版本的节点之间安装和切换。当部署到生产环境时,Meteor需要正确地构建旧版本的节点,而gulp需要更新版本的节点。使用nvm在两者之间进行切换。
frontend文件夹,运行npm install -g gulp bower && npm install && bower install


3.2 运行

主要分为四步,分别在不同终端运行,步骤和解释如下:

1 roslaunch rosbridge_server rosbridge_websocket.launch
2 rosrun code_it programs.py - 这是保存和加载程序到MongoDB和从MongoDB的后端。
3 从后端文件夹,运行 nvm use 0.10.40; meteor - 这是运行程序的JavaScript解释器。
4 从frontend文件夹,运行 nvm use node; gulp serve - 这是前端。 用浏览器localhost:5000查看页面。

图6

ROS(indigo) 用于机器人控制的图形化编程工具--code_it robot_blockly_第4张图片

注意:meteor和gulp必须正常加载,如果报错需要结合情况进行调试,出现如下结果,就OK!:

meteor:

exbot@relay-Aspire-4741:~/catkin_ws/src/code_it-indigo-devel/backend$ meteor
[[[[[ ~/catkin_ws/src/code_it-indigo-devel/backend ]]]]]

=> Started proxy.                             
=> Meteor 1.4.2 is available. Update this project with 'meteor update'.
=> Started MongoDB.                           
=> Started your app.                          

=> App running at: http://localhost:3000/
I20161103-14:23:00.028(8)? Error connecting to websocket server.
W20161103-14:23:00.026(8)? (STDERR) DEBUG: ROSLib uses utf8 encoding by default.It would be more efficent to use ascii (if possible)
这时没有启动websocket server,启动即可。

gulp:

exbot@relay-Aspire-4741:~/catkin_ws/src/code_it-indigo-devel/frontend$ gulp
[14:22:02] Using gulpfile ~/catkin_ws/src/code_it-indigo-devel/frontend/gulpfile.js
[14:22:02] Starting 'clean'...
[14:22:03] Finished 'clean' after 633 ms
[14:22:03] Starting 'default'...
[14:22:03] Starting 'copy'...
[14:22:03] Starting 'styles'...
[14:22:05] styles all files 115.06 kB
[14:22:05] Finished 'styles' after 2.21 s
[14:22:06] copy all files 25.72 MB
[14:22:06] Finished 'copy' after 3.53 s
[14:22:06] Starting 'elements'...
[14:22:06] Finished 'elements' after 9.43 ms
[14:22:06] Starting 'lint'...
[14:22:08] Starting 'images'...
[14:22:09] Starting 'fonts'...
[14:22:09] Starting 'html'...
[14:22:09] Finished 'fonts' after 797 ms
[14:22:13] Finished 'lint' after 7.14 s
[14:22:13] gulp-imagemin: Minified 6 images (saved 494 B - 1.4%)
[14:22:13] images all files 35.41 kB
[14:22:13] Finished 'images' after 5.08 s
[14:22:15] html all files 747.78 kB
[14:22:15] Finished 'html' after 5.94 s
[14:22:15] Starting 'vulcanize'...
[14:22:19] vulcanize all files 1.52 MB
[14:22:19] Finished 'vulcanize' after 3.95 s
[14:22:19] Finished 'default' after 16 s

图7


启动后效果如下:

图8

ROS(indigo) 用于机器人控制的图形化编程工具--code_it robot_blockly_第5张图片

图9

ROS(indigo) 用于机器人控制的图形化编程工具--code_it robot_blockly_第6张图片

-End-


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