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深入解读Quartz的原理（job-jobDetail-Trigger-scheduler）
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<span class="link_postdate">2015-09-12 18:15</span>
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<span style="padding:0px; margin:0px"><span style="font-size:14px; color:#ff0000; padding:0px; margin:0px">深入解读Quartz的原理</span></span></div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
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<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
Quartz是一个大名鼎鼎的Java版开源定时调度器，功能强悍，使用方便。</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
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<span style="padding:0px; margin:0px">一、核心概念</span></div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
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<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
Quartz的原理不是很复杂，只要搞明白几个概念，然后知道如何去启动和关闭一个调度程序即可。</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
1、Job</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
表示一个工作，要执行的具体内容。此接口中只有一个方法</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
void execute(JobExecutionContext context)</div>
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<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
2、JobDetail</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
JobDetail表示一个具体的可执行的调度程序，Job是这个可执行程调度程序所要执行的内容，另外JobDetail还包含了这个任务调度的方案和策略。<br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
</div>
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3、Trigger代表一个调度参数的配置，什么时候去调。</div>
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<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
4、Scheduler代表一个调度容器，一个调度容器中可以注册多个JobDetail和Trigger。当Trigger与JobDetail组合，就可以被Scheduler容器调度了。</div>
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<span style="padding:0px; margin:0px">二、一个最简单入门实例</span></div>
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</div>
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<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<div style="padding:4px; margin:0px; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); font-size:10pt; width:705.59375px; color:rgb(0,0,0); word-break:break-all; line-height:16px; font-family:verdana,宋体; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)">
<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">import</span> org.quartz.*; <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">import</span> org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory; <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">import</span> java.util.Date; <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">/** <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
* quartz定时器测试 <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
* <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
* @author leizhimin 2009-7-23 8:49:01 <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
*/</span> <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">class</span> MyJob <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">implements</span> Job { <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">void</span> execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">throws</span> JobExecutionException
{ <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
System.out.println(<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">new</span> Date() + <span style="color:#800000; padding:0px; margin:0px">": doing something..."</span>); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
} <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
} <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">class</span> Test { <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">static</span> <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">void</span> main(String[] args) { <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//1、创建JobDetial对象 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
JobDetail jobDetail = <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">new</span> JobDetail(); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//设置工作项 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
jobDetail.setJobClass(MyJob.<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">class</span>); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
jobDetail.setName(<span style="color:#800000; padding:0px; margin:0px">"MyJob_1"</span>); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
jobDetail.setGroup(<span style="color:#800000; padding:0px; margin:0px">"JobGroup_1"</span>); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//2、创建Trigger对象 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
SimpleTrigger strigger = <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">new</span> SimpleTrigger(); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
strigger.setName(<span style="color:#800000; padding:0px; margin:0px">"Trigger_1"</span>); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
strigger.setGroup(<span style="color:#800000; padding:0px; margin:0px">"Trigger_Group_1"</span>); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
strigger.setStartTime(<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">new</span> Date()); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//设置重复停止时间，并销毁该Trigger对象 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
java.util.Calendar c = java.util.Calendar.getInstance(); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
c.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis() + 1000 * 1L); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
strigger.setEndTime(c.getTime()); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
strigger.setFireInstanceId(<span style="color:#800000; padding:0px; margin:0px">"Trigger_1_id_001"</span>); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//设置重复间隔时间 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
strigger.setRepeatInterval(1000 * 1L); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//设置重复执行次数 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
strigger.setRepeatCount(3); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//3、创建Scheduler对象，并配置JobDetail和Trigger对象 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
SchedulerFactory sf = <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">new</span> StdSchedulerFactory(); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
Scheduler scheduler = <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">null</span>; <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">try</span> { <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
scheduler = sf.getScheduler(); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, strigger); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//4、并执行启动、关闭等操作 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
scheduler.start(); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
} <span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">catch</span> (SchedulerException e) { <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
e.printStackTrace(); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
} <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">// try { </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">// //关闭调度器 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">// scheduler.shutdown(true); </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">// } catch (SchedulerException e) { </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">// e.printStackTrace(); </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">// } </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
} <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
}</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
执行结果：</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
<img alt="" src="http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/200907/200907231248314997265.png" style="padding:0px; margin:0px; vertical-align:top; border:none" border="0"></div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
当把结束时间改为：</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<div style="padding:4px; margin:0px; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); font-size:10pt; width:705.59375px; color:rgb(0,0,0); word-break:break-all; line-height:16px; font-family:verdana,宋体; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//设置重复停止时间，并销毁该Trigger对象 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
java.util.Calendar c = java.util.Calendar.getInstance(); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
c.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis() + 1000 * 1L); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
strigger.setEndTime(c.getTime());</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
执行结果：</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
<img alt="" src="http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/200907/200907231248315065031.png" style="padding:0px; margin:0px; vertical-align:top; border:none" width="650" border="0"></div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
当添加一条关闭调度器的语句：</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<div style="padding:4px; margin:0px; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); font-size:10pt; width:705.59375px; color:rgb(0,0,0); word-break:break-all; line-height:16px; font-family:verdana,宋体; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)">
<span style="color:#008000; padding:0px; margin:0px">//4、并执行启动、关闭等操作 </span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
scheduler.start(); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
scheduler.shutdown(<span style="color:#0000ff; padding:0px; margin:0px">true</span>); <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
程序执行结果：</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<div style="padding:4px; margin:0px; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); font-size:10pt; width:705.59375px; color:rgb(0,0,0); word-break:break-all; line-height:16px; font-family:verdana,宋体; background-color:rgb(238,238,238)">
Thu Jul 23 10:11:50 CST 2009: doing something... <br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
<br style="padding:0px; margin:0px">
Process finished with exit code 0</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
仅仅执行了一次，这一次能执行完，原因是设定了scheduler.shutdown(true);true表示等待本次任务执行完成后停止。</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
从这里也可以看出，scheduler是个容器，scheduler控制jobDetail的执行，控制的策略是通过trigger。</div>
<div style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,'Arial Narrow',arial,serif; font-size:14px; line-height:28px">
</div>
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当scheduler容器启动后，jobDetail才能根据关联的trigger策略去执行。当scheduler容器关闭后，所有的jobDetail都停止执行。</div>
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<span style="padding:0px; margin:0px">三、透过实例看原理</span></div>
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通过研读Quartz的源代码，和本实例，终于悟出了Quartz的工作原理。</div>
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1、scheduler是一个计划调度器容器（总部），容器里面可以盛放众多的JobDetail和trigger，当容器启动后，里面的每个JobDetail都会根据trigger按部就班自动去执行。</div>
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2、JobDetail是一个可执行的工作，它本身可能是有状态的。</div>
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3、Trigger代表一个调度参数的配置，什么时候去调。</div>
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4、当JobDetail和Trigger在scheduler容器上注册后，形成了装配好的作业（JobDetail和Trigger所组成的一对儿），就可以伴随容器启动而调度执行了。</div>
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5、scheduler是个容器，容器中有一个线程池，用来并行调度执行每个作业，这样可以提高容器效率。</div>
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6、将上述的结构用一个图来表示，如下：</div>
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<img alt="" src="http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/200907/200907231248316831062.png" style="padding:0px; margin:0px; vertical-align:top; border:none" border="0"></div>
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<span style="padding:0px; margin:0px">四、总结</span></div>
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1、搞清楚了上Quartz容器执行作业的的原理和过程，以及作业形成的方式，作业注册到容器的方法。就认识明白了Quartz的核心原理。</div>
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2、Quartz虽然很庞大，但是一切都围绕这个核心转，为了配置强大时间调度策略，可以研究专门的CronTrigger。要想灵活配置作业和容器属性，可以通过Quartz的properties文件或者XML来实现。</div>
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3、要想调度更多的持久化、结构化作业，可以通过数据库读取作业，然后放到容器中执行。</div>
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4、所有的一切都围绕这个核心原理转，搞明白这个了，再去研究更高级用法就容易多了。</div>
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5、Quartz与Spring的整合也非常简单，Spring提供一组Bean来支持：MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean、SimpleTriggerBean、SchedulerFactoryBean，看看里面需要注入什么属性即可明白了。Spring会在Spring容器启动时候，启动Quartz容器。</div>
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6、Quartz容器的关闭方式也很简单，如果是Spring整合，则有两种方法，一种是关闭Spring容器，一种是获取到SchedulerFactoryBean实例，然后调用一个shutdown就搞定了。如果是Quartz独立使用，则直接调用scheduler.shutdown(true);</div>
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7、Quartz的JobDetail、Trigger都可以在运行时重新设置，并且在下次调用时候起作用。这就为动态作业的实现提供了依据。你可以将调度时间策略存放到数据库，然后通过数据库数据来设定Trigger，这样就能产生动态的调度。</div>
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转自：<a target="_blank" href="http://lavasoft.blog.51cto.com/62575/181907/">http://lavasoft.blog.51cto.com/62575/181907/</a></div>
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