一.POI简介 Jakarta POI 是apache的子项目,目标是处理ole2对象。它提供了一组操纵Windows文档的Java API 目前比较成熟的是HSSF接口,处理MS Excel(97-2002)对象。它不象我们仅仅是用csv生成的没有格式的可以由Excel转换的东西,而是真正的Excel对象,你可以控制一些属性如sheet,cell等等。 二.HSSF概况 HSSF 是Horrible SpreadSheet Format的缩写,也即“讨厌的电子表格格式”。也许HSSF的名字有点滑稽,就本质而言它是一个非常严肃、正规的API。通过HSSF,你可以用纯Java代码来读取、写入、修改Excel文件。 HSSF 为读取操作提供了两类API:usermodel和eventusermodel,即“用户模型”和“事件-用户模型”。前者很好理解,后者比较抽象,但操作效率要高得多。 三.开始编码 1 . 准备工作 要求:JDK 1.4+POI开发包 可以到 http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/jakarta/poi/ 最新的POI工具包 2 . EXCEL 结构 HSSFWorkbook excell 文档对象介绍 HSSFSheet excell的表单 HSSFRow excell的行 HSSFCell excell的格子单元 HSSFFont excell字体 HSSFName 名称 HSSFDataFormat 日期格式 在poi1.7中才有以下2项: HSSFHeader sheet头 HSSFFooter sheet尾 和这个样式 HSSFCellStyle cell样式 辅助操作包括 HSSFDateUtil 日期 HSSFPrintSetup 打印 HSSFErrorConstants 错误信息表 3 .具体用法实例 (采用 usermodel ) 如何读Excel 读取Excel文件时,首先生成一个POIFSFileSystem对象,由POIFSFileSystem对象构造一个HSSFWorkbook,该HSSFWorkbook对象就代表了Excel文档。下面代码读取上面生成的Excel文件写入的消息字串: 代码 POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\test.xls")); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0); HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) 0); String msg = cell.getStringCellValue(); POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\test.xls")); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0); HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) 0); String msg = cell.getStringCellValue(); 如何写excel, 将excel的第一个表单第一行的第一个单元格的值写成“a test”。 代码 POIFSFileSystem fs =new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("workbook.xls")); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0); HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short)0); cell.setCellValue("a test"); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 4 . 可参考文档 POI 主页:http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/, 初学者如何快速上手使用POI HSSF http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/hssf/quick-guide.html 。 代码例子 http://blog.java-cn.com/user1/6749/archives/2005/18347.html 里面有很多例子代码,可以很方便上手。 POI的中级应该用 1、遍历workbook 代码 // load源文件 POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(filePath)); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); for (int i = 0; i < wb.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) { HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(i); for (int i = sheet.getFirstRowNum(); i < sheet.getLastRowNum(); i ++) { HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i); if (row != null) { 。。。操作} } } // 目标文件 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(objectPath); //写文件 swb.write(fos); fos.close(); 2、得到列和单元格 代码 HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i); HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j); 3、设置sheet名称和单元格内容为中文 代码 wb.setSheetName(n, "中文",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16); cell.setEncoding((short) 1); cell.setCellValue("中文"); 4、单元格内容未公式或数值,可以这样读写 代码 cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC); cell.getNumericCellValue() 5、设置列宽、行高 代码 sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width); row.setHeight((short)height); 6、添加区域,合并单元格 代码 Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo,(short)columnTo); sheet.addMergedRegion(region); //得到所有区域 sheet.getNumMergedRegions() 7、常用方法 根据单元格不同属性返回字符串数值 代码 public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) { String cellValue = ""; switch (cell.getCellType()) { case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING: cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue(); if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0) cellValue=" "; break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC); cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK: cellValue=" "; break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN: break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR: break; default: break; } return cellValue; } 8、常用单元格边框格式 虚线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED 实线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN 代码 public static HSSFCellStyle getCellStyle(short type) { HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setBorderBottom(type);//下边框 style.setBorderLeft(type);//左边框 style.setBorderRight(type);//右边框 style.setBorderTop(type);//上边框 return style; } 9、设置字体和内容位置 代码 HSSFFont f = wb.createFont(); f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号 f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗 style.setFont(f); style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中 style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中 style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度 HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat(); style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式 cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式 style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度 cell.setCellStyle(style); 10、插入图片 论坛里看到的 代码 //先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中,以便产生ByteArray ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg")); ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut); //读进一个excel模版 FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt"); fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos); //创建一个工作薄 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch(); HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10); patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG)); 11、设置列自动换行 HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle(); cellStyle.setWrapText(true); sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle((short)0, cellStyle); 设置列的宽度 sheet.setColumnWidth((short)0,(short)9000); sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle((short)0, cellStyle); 与 sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short)70);冲突 只会换行 不会设置列宽 单元格拷贝示例: package testpoi; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.Region; import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem; /** * 将某SHEET页中的某几行复制到某SHEET页的某几行中。抱括被合并了的单元格。 */ public class RowCopy { /** * @param args * @throws IOException * @throws FileNotFoundException */ @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public static void main(String[] args) { try { POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream( "d:\\exlsample.xls")); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); // source为源sheet 页,target为目标sheet页 copyRows(wb, "source", "target", 5, 6, 20); FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("d:\\exlsample.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.flush(); fileOut.close(); System.out.println("Operation finished"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * @param wb HSSFWorkbook * @param pSourceSheetName 源sheet页名称 * @param pTargetSheetName 目标sheet页名称 * @param pStartRow 源sheet页中的起始行 * @param pEndRow 源sheet页中的结束行 * @param pPosition 目标sheet页中的开始行 */ public static void copyRows(HSSFWorkbook wb, String pSourceSheetName, String pTargetSheetName, int intStartRow, int intEndRow, int intPosition) { // EXECL中的行是从1开始的,而POI中是从0开始的,所以这里要减1. int pStartRow = intStartRow - 1; int pEndRow = intEndRow - 1; int pPosition = intPosition - 1; HSSFRow sourceRow = null; HSSFRow targetRow = null; HSSFCell sourceCell = null; HSSFCell targetCell = null; HSSFSheet sourceSheet = null; HSSFSheet targetSheet = null; Region region = null; int cType; int i; int j; int targetRowFrom; int targetRowTo; if ((pStartRow == -1) || (pEndRow == -1)) { return; } sourceSheet = wb.getSheet(pSourceSheetName); targetSheet = wb.getSheet(pTargetSheetName); System.out.println(sourceSheet.getNumMergedRegions()); // 拷贝合并的单元格 for (i = 0; i < sourceSheet.getNumMergedRegions(); i++) { region = sourceSheet.getMergedRegionAt(i); if ((region.getRowFrom() >= pStartRow) && (region.getRowTo() <= pEndRow)) { targetRowFrom = region.getRowFrom() - pStartRow + pPosition; targetRowTo = region.getRowTo() - pStartRow + pPosition; region.setRowFrom(targetRowFrom); region.setRowTo(targetRowTo); targetSheet.addMergedRegion(region); } } // 设置列宽 for (i = pStartRow; i <= pEndRow; i++) { sourceRow = sourceSheet.getRow(i); if (sourceRow != null) { for (j = sourceRow.getLastCellNum(); j > sourceRow .getFirstCellNum(); j--) { targetSheet .setColumnWidth(j, sourceSheet.getColumnWidth(j)); targetSheet.setColumnHidden(j, false); } break; } } // 拷贝行并填充数据 for (; i <= pEndRow; i++) { sourceRow = sourceSheet.getRow(i); if (sourceRow == null) { continue; } targetRow = targetSheet.createRow(i - pStartRow + pPosition); targetRow.setHeight(sourceRow.getHeight()); for (j = sourceRow.getFirstCellNum(); j < sourceRow .getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); j++) { sourceCell = sourceRow.getCell(j); if (sourceCell == null) { continue; } targetCell = targetRow.createCell(j); targetCell.setCellStyle(sourceCell.getCellStyle()); cType = sourceCell.getCellType(); targetCell.setCellType(cType); switch (cType) { case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN: targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getBooleanCellValue()); System.out.println("--------TYPE_BOOLEAN:" + targetCell.getBooleanCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR: targetCell .setCellErrorValue(sourceCell.getErrorCellValue()); System.out.println("--------TYPE_ERROR:" + targetCell.getErrorCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: // parseFormula这个函数的用途在后面说明 targetCell.setCellFormula(parseFormula(sourceCell .getCellFormula())); System.out.println("--------TYPE_FORMULA:" + targetCell.getCellFormula()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getNumericCellValue()); System.out.println("--------TYPE_NUMERIC:" + targetCell.getNumericCellValue()); break; case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING: targetCell .setCellValue(sourceCell.getRichStringCellValue()); System.out.println("--------TYPE_STRING:" + i + targetCell.getRichStringCellValue()); break; } } } } /** * POI对Excel公式的支持是相当好的,但是有一个问题,如果公式里面的函数不带参数,比如now()或today(), * 那么你通过getCellFormula()取出来的值就是now(ATTR(semiVolatile))和today(ATTR(semiVolatile)), * 这样的值写入Excel是会出错的,这也是我上面copyRow的函数在写入公式前要调用parseFormula的原因, * parseFormula这个函数的功能很简单,就是把ATTR(semiVolatile)删掉。 * @param pPOIFormula * @return */ private static String parseFormula(String pPOIFormula) { final String cstReplaceString = "ATTR(semiVolatile)"; //$NON-NLS-1$ StringBuffer result = null; int index; result = new StringBuffer(); index = pPOIFormula.indexOf(cstReplaceString); if (index >= 0) { result.append(pPOIFormula.substring(0, index)); result.append(pPOIFormula.substring(index + cstReplaceString.length())); } else { result.append(pPOIFormula); } return result.toString(); } } 本文来自CSDN博客,转载请标明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/lky5387/archive/2008/12/13/3509992.aspx