Python写的简易采集器
#!/usr/bin/python
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
# 简易采集爬虫
# 1.采集Yahoo!Answers，parseData函数修改一下，可以采集任何网站
# 2.需要sqlite3或者pysqlite支持
# 3.可以在DreamHost.com空间上面运行
# 4.可以修改User-Agent冒充搜索引擎蜘蛛
# 5.可以设置暂停的时间，控制采集速度
# 6.采集Yahoo会被封IP数小时，所以这个采集用处不大
# Author: Lukin<[email protected]>
# Date : 2008-09-25
# 导入采集需要用到的模块
import re, sys, time
import httplib, os.path as osp
from urlparse import urlparse
# 使用sqite数据库，为了兼容DreamHost.com的空间，只能这么写了
try :
import sqlite3 as sqlite
except ImportError:
from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite
# 采集速度控制，单位秒
sleep = 0
# 数据库路径
dbname = './database.db'
# 设置提交的header头
headers = {"Accept": "*/*","Referer": "http://answers.yahoo.com/","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0+(compatible;+Googlebot/2.1;++http://www.google.com/bot.html)"}
# 连接服务器
dl = httplib.HTTPConnection('answers.yahoo.com')
# 连接数据库
conn = sqlite.connect(osp.abspath(dbname))
# 创建数据库
def createDatabase():
global conn,dbname;
if osp.isfile(osp.abspath(dbname)) : return
c = conn.cursor()
# 创建url列表存放表
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS [collect]([cid] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,[curl] TEXT,[state] INTEGER DEFAULT '0',UNIQUE([curl]));''')
c.execute('''CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS [collect_idx_state] ON [collect]([state]);''')
# 创建分类表
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS [sorts]([sortid] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,[sortname] TEXT,[sortpath] TEXT,[sortfoot] INTEGER DEFAULT '0',[sortnum] INTEGER DEFAULT '0',UNIQUE([sortpath]));''')
c.execute('''CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS [sorts_idx_sortname] ON [sorts]([sortname]);''')
c.execute('''CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS [sorts_idx_sortfoot] ON [sorts]([sortfoot]);''')
# 创建文章表
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS [article]([aid] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,[sortid] INTEGER DEFAULT '0',[hits] INTEGER DEFAULT '0',[title] TEXT,[path] TEXT,[question] TEXT,[banswer] TEXT,[oanswer] TEXT,UNIQUE([path]));''')
c.execute('''CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS [article_idx_sortid] ON [article]([sortid]);''')
# 事物提交
conn.commit()
c.close()
# 执行采集
def collect(url="http://answers.yahoo.com/"):
global dl,error,headers; R = 0
print "GET:",url
urls = urlparse(url); path = urls[2];
if urls[4]!='' : path += '?' + urls[4]
dl.request(method="GET", url=path, headers=headers); rs = dl.getresponse()
if rs.status==200 :
R = parseData(rs.read(),url);
else :
print "3 seconds, try again ..."; time.sleep(3)
dl.request(method="GET", url=path, headers=headers); rs = dl.getresponse()
if rs.status==200 :
R = parseData(rs.read(),url);
else :
print "3 seconds, try again ..."; time.sleep(3)
dl.request(method="GET", url=path, headers=headers); rs = dl.getresponse()
if rs.status==200 :
R = parseData(rs.read(),url);
else :
print "Continue to collect ..."
R = 3
# 更新记录
updateOneUrl(url,R)
# 返回结果
return R
# 处理采集到的数据
def parseData(html,url):
global dl,conn; R = 2;
c = conn.cursor()
# 格式化html代码
format = formatURL(clearBlank(html),url)
# 取出所有的连接
urls = re.findall(r'''(<a[^>]*?href="([^"]+)"[^>]*?>)|(<a[^>]*?href='([^']+)'[^>]*?>)''',format,re.I)
if urls != None :
i = 0
# 循环所有的连接
for regs in urls :
# 得到一个单一的url
sUrl = en2chr(regs[1].strip())
# 判断url是否符合规则，符合，则插入数据库
if re.search('http(.*?)/(dir|question)/index(.*?)',sUrl,re.I) != None :
if re.search('http(.*?)/dir/index(.*?)',sUrl,re.I) != None:
if sUrl.find('link=list') == -1 and sUrl.find('link=over') == -1 :
sUrl+= '&link=over'
else:
sUrl = sUrl.replace('link=list','link=over')
if sUrl[-11:]=='link=mailto' : continue
try :
c.execute('INSERT INTO [collect]([curl])VALUES(?);',(sUrl,))
i = i + 1
except sqlite.IntegrityError :
pass
if i>0 : print "Message: %d get a new URL." % (i,)
# 截取数据
if re.search('http(.*)/question/index(.*)',url,re.I) != None :
sortfoot = 0
# 自动创建分类和分类关系
guide = sect(format,'<ol id="yan-breadcrumbs">','</ol>','(<li>(.*?)Home(.*?)</li>)')
aGuide = re.findall('<a[^>]*href="[^"]*"[^>]*>(.*?)</a>',guide,re.I)
if aGuide != None :
sortname = ""
for sortname in aGuide :
sortname = sortname.strip()
sortpath = en2path(sortname)
# 查询分类是否存在
c.execute('SELECT [sortid],[sortname] FROM [sorts] WHERE [sortpath]=? LIMIT 0,1;',(sortpath,))
row = c.fetchone();
# 分类不存在，添加分类
if row==None :
c.execute('INSERT INTO [sorts]([sortname],[sortpath],[sortfoot])VALUES(?,?,?);',(sortname,sortpath,sortfoot))
sortfoot = c.lastrowid
else:
sortfoot = row[0]
# 标题
title = sect(format,'<h1 class="subject">','</h1>')
# 最佳答案
BestAnswer = sect(format,'(<h2><span>Best Answer</span>(.*?)</h2>(.*?)<div class="content">)','(</div>)')
# 最佳答案不存在，则不采集
if BestAnswer != None :
# 文章路径
path = en2path(sortname + '-' + title.strip())
# 问题
adddata = sect(format,'<div class="additional-details">','</div>')
content = sect(format,'(<h1 class="subject">(.*?)<div class="content">)','(</div>)')
if adddata != None : content += '<br/>' + adddata
# 其他回答
OtherAnswer = ''
for regs in re.findall('<div class="qa-container">(.+?)<div class="utils-container">',format):
if regs.find('<h2>') == -1 and regs.find('</h2>') == -1 :
a1 = sect(regs,'<div class="content">','</div>')
a2 = sect(regs,'<div class="reference">','</div>')
OtherAnswer+= '<div class="oAnswer">' + a1
if a2 != None : OtherAnswer+= '<div class="reference">' + a2 + '</div>'
OtherAnswer+= '</div>'
# 判断采集成功
if title != None and content != None :
# 将数据写入到数据
try :
c.execute('INSERT INTO [article]([sortid],[title],[path],[question],[banswer],[oanswer])VALUES(?,?,?,?,?,?);',(sortfoot,title,path,content,BestAnswer,OtherAnswer))
print "Message：%s.html" % (path,)
R = 1
except sqlite.IntegrityError :
pass
# 提交写入数据库
conn.commit(); c.close()
return R
# 取得一条URL
def getOneUrl():
global conn; c = conn.cursor()
c.execute('SELECT [curl] FROM [collect] WHERE [state] IN(0,3) LIMIT 0,1;')
row = c.fetchone(); c.close()
if row==None : return ""
return row[0].encode('utf-8')
# 更新一条记录的状态
def updateOneUrl(url,state):
global conn; c = conn.cursor()
c.execute('UPDATE [collect] SET [state]=? WHERE [curl]=?;',(state,url))
conn.commit(); c.close()
# 清除html代码里的多余空格
def clearBlank(html):
if len(html) == 0 : return ''
html = re.sub('\r|\n|\t','',html)
while html.find(" ")!=-1 or html.find(' ')!=-1 :
html = html.replace(' ',' ').replace(' ',' ')
return html
# 格式化url
def formatURL(html,url):
urls = re.findall('''(<a[^>]*?href="([^"]+)"[^>]*?>)|(<a[^>]*?href='([^']+)'[^>]*?>)''',html,re.I)
if urls == None : return html
for regs in urls :
html = html.replace(regs[0],matchURL(regs[0],url))
return html
# 格式化单个url
def matchURL(tag,url):
urls = re.findall('''(.*)(src|href)=(.+?)( |/>|>).*|(.*)url\(([^\)]+)\)''',tag,re.I)
if urls == None :
return tag
else :
if urls[0][5] == '' :
urlQuote = urls[0][2]
else:
urlQuote = urls[0][5]
if len(urlQuote) > 0 :
cUrl = re.sub('''['"]''','',urlQuote)
else :
return tag
urls = urlparse(url); scheme = urls[0];
if scheme!='' : scheme+='://'
host = urls[1]; host = scheme + host
if len(host)==0 : return tag
path = osp.dirname(urls[2]);
if path=='/' : path = '';
if cUrl.find("#")!=-1 : cUrl = cUrl[:cUrl.find("#")]
# 判断类型
if re.search('''^(http|https|ftp):(//|\\\\)(([\w/\\\+\-~`@:%])+\.)+([\w/\\\.\=\?\+\-~`@':!%#]|(&)|&)+''',cUrl,re.I) != None :
# http开头的url类型要跳过
return tag
elif cUrl[:1] == '/' :
# 绝对路径
cUrl = host + cUrl
elif cUrl[:3]=='../' :
# 相对路径
while cUrl[:3]=='../' :
cUrl = cUrl[3:]
if len(path) > 0 :
path = osp.dirname(path)
elif cUrl[:2]=='./' :
cUrl = host + path + cUrl[1:]
elif cUrl.lower()[:7]=='mailto:' or cUrl.lower()[:11]=='javascript:' :
return tag
else :
cUrl = host + path + '/' + cUrl
R = tag.replace(urlQuote,'"' + cUrl + '"')
return R
# html代码截取函数
def sect(html,start,end,cls=''):
if len(html)==0 : return ;
# 正则表达式截取
if start[:1]==chr(40) and start[-1:]==chr(41) and end[:1]==chr(40) and end[-1:]==chr(41) :
reHTML = re.search(start + '(.*?)' + end,html,re.I)
if reHTML == None : return
reHTML = reHTML.group()
intStart = re.search(start,reHTML,re.I).end()
intEnd = re.search(end,reHTML,re.I).start()
R = reHTML[intStart:intEnd]
# 字符串截取
else :
# 取得开始字符串的位置
intStart = html.lower().find(start.lower())
# 如果搜索不到开始字符串，则直接返回空
if intStart == -1 : return
# 取得结束字符串的位置
intEnd = html[intStart+len(start):].lower().find(end.lower())
# 如果搜索不到结束字符串，也返回为空
if intEnd == -1 : return
# 开始和结束字符串都有了，可以开始截取了
R = html[intStart+len(start):intStart+intEnd+len(start)]
# 清理内容
if cls != '' :
R = clear(R,cls)
# 返回截取的字符
return R
# 正则清除
def clear(html,regexs):
if regexs == '' : return html
for regex in regexs.split(chr(10)):
regex = regex.strip()
if regex != '' :
if regex[:1]==chr(40) and regex[-1:]==chr(41):
html = re.sub(regex,'',html,re.I|re.S)
else :
html = html.replace(regex,'')
return html
# 格式化为路径
def en2path(enStr):
return re.sub('[\W]+','-',en2chr(enStr),re.I|re.U).strip('-')
# 替换实体为正常字符
def en2chr(enStr):
return enStr.replace('&','&')
# ------------------------------------- 开始执行程序 -------------------------------------------
# 首先创建数据库
createDatabase()
# 开始采集
loops = 0
while True:
if loops>0 :
url = getOneUrl()
if url == "" :
loops = 0
else :
loops = collect(url)
else :
loops = collect()
# 暂停
time.sleep(sleep)
if loops==0 : break
# 关闭HTTP连接
dl.close()
# 退出程序
sys.exit()
本文是引用 http://www.cnblogs.com/kuyuecs/archive/2008/10/15/1311346.html