Ubuntu常用软件配置

默认软件园更新速度那个悲催阿,所以,装好系统第一件事就是换源

软件源
配置文件为 /etc/apt/sources.list,最好先备份一份,然后
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
将里面的内容替换为

#网易软件源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted 
#台湾的这个源有时比网易的快(可选)
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted

然后呢
打补丁、升级
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sudo apt-get update
Update System(fix bugs for sercurity): 299.0MB
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.reset permission(谨慎使用，设定文件为644,设定文件夹为755)
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find /home/XXX -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
find /home/XXX -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
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.nautilus (给鹦鹉螺加上open as administrator, open terminal)
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sudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal nautilus-gksu
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.pdf (我使用Foxit)
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@see http://www.fuxinsoftware.com.cn/downloads/
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也可以用okular
sudo apt-get install okular

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chm阅读器
我用的chmsee
sudo apt-get install chmsee

其它可选的有:kchmviewer , xchm, chmview
10.04装不上gnochm了,网上有些介绍装法,没成功
 -----

== application ==

.fcitx (好用的中文输入法)
----
sudo apt-get remove ibus
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wengxt/fcitx-nightly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fcitx fcitx-config-gtk fcitx-sunpinyin
im-switch -s fcitx -z default
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.crebs(auto change desktop wallpaper)
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:crebs/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install crebs
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.Métamorphose(rename tool)
----

http://file-folder-ren.sourceforge.net/

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== programing ==
.vim
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sudo apt-get install vim
sudo apt-get install vim-gnome
----
----------
Gvim可视化图形界面的VIM
Gedit很好用,但在在打开大文件时就显得力不从心了,这时候可以用gvim来打开
sudo apt-get install vim-gnome
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.jdk
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sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu maverick partner"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin sun-java6-source
sudo vi /etc/environment

CLASSPATH="/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.24/lib"
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.24"

sudo update-alternatives --config java
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.eclipse
----
@see http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u/21684/showart_367508.html
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.idle(Python)
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sudo apt-get install idle
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PHP集成开发环境.lamp(安装过程中，使用Tab选定按钮来接受许可协议)
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sudo apt-get install apache2 php5-mysql libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
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如果不像用LAMP可以手动安装PHP环境

　　sudo apt-get install apache2

　　http://localhost/或者http://127.0.0.1

2.安装PHP

　　sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5 //配置APACHE+PHP

　　测试：

　　然后随意输入点东西（我输入的是）再保存。

　　如果显示出你输入的东西即为成功

　　sudo apt-get install mysql-server

4、让apache、php 支持 mysql

　　 sudo apt-get install php5-mysql要让PHP与MySql一起工作，编辑sudo gedit /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
取消对;extension=mysql.so的注释，去掉 ; 像这样
extension=mysql.so
保存文件，然后
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart


 

phpmyadmin设置：
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

然后将phpmyadmin与apache2建立连接，以我的为例：www目录在/var/www，phpmyadmin在/usr/share /phpmyadmin目录，所以就用命令：sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www 建立连接。
phpmyadmin测试：在浏览器地址栏中打开http://localhost/phpmyadmin。

5、配置1＞apache的配置文件路径 /etc/apache2/apache2.conf2＞ php.ini路径 /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini3＞mysql配置文件路径 /etc/mysql/my.cnf4＞phpmyadmin 配置文件路径 /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf5＞网站根目录 /var/www
.maven
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sudo apt-get install maven2
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.asciidoc(453MB)
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sudo apt-get install asciidoc
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== media ==
.player
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sudo apt-get install smplayer
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.gimp
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sudo apt-get install gimp
sudo apt-get install gimp-gap gimp-helpbrowser gimp-help-common gimp-help-zh-cn gimp-manual libgimp-perl
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.flash
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sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer
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.easytag(mp3 id3修改器)
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sudo apt-get install easytag exfalso
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.picasa
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@see http://picasa.google.com/linux/
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== net ==
.chrome
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sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
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.firefox4~9
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mozillateam/firefox-stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firefox