nginx rewrite伪静态配置参数详细说明

正则表达式匹配，其中：

1. * ~ 为区分大小写匹配
2. * ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
3. * !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配

文件及目录匹配，其中：

1. * -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
2. * -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
3. * -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
4. * -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行

flag标记有：

1. * last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite
2. * break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
3. * redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
4. * permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)

1. $args
2. $content_length
3. $content_type
4. $document_root
5. $document_uri
6. $host
7. $http_user_agent
8. $http_cookie
9. $limit_rate
10. $request_body_file
11. $request_method
12. $remote_addr
13. $remote_port
14. $remote_user
15. $request_filename
16. $request_uri
17. $query_string
18. $scheme
19. $server_protocol
20. $server_addr
21. $server_name
22. $server_port
23. $uri

结合QeePHP的例子

1. if (!-d $request_filename) {
2. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
3. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
4. break;

多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2

1. if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) {
2. set $sub_name $1;
3. rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
4. }

目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456

1. rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：

1. if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
2. rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
3. }

目录自动加“/”

1. if (-d $request_filename){
2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
3. }

禁止htaccess

1. location ~/\.ht {
2. deny all;
3. }

禁止多个目录

1. location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
2. deny all;
3. break;
4. }

禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

1. location ~ ^/data {
2. deny all;
3. }

禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求

1. location /searchword/cron/ {
2. deny all;
3. }

禁止单个文件

1. location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
2. deny all;
3. }

给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99 天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

1. location ~(favicon.ico) {
2. log_not_found off;
3. expires 99d;
4. break;
5. }
6.  
7. location ~(robots.txt) {
8. log_not_found off;
9. expires 7d;
10. break;
11. }

设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志

1. location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
2. access_log off;
3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
4. expires 600;
5. break;
6. }

文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存

1. location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
2. valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
3. if ($invalid_referer) {
4. rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
5. return 412;
6. break;
7. }
8. access_log off;
9. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
10. expires 3d;
11. break;
12. }

只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码

1. root /opt/htdocs/www;
2. allow 208.97.167.194;
3. allow 222.33.1.2;
4. allow 231.152.49.4;
5. deny all;
6. auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
7. auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html

1. rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghai job/ 指向 /area/shanghai /
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是 /location/shanghai/

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area /shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。

那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果

1. if (-d $request_filename){
2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
3. }

知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：

1. if (!-e $request_filename) {
2. proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
3. }

域名跳转

1. server
2. {
3. listen 80;
4. server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
5. index index.html index.htm index.php;
6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
7. rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
8. access_log off;
9. }

多域名转向

1. server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
2. index index.html index.htm index.php;
3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
4. if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
5. rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
6. }

三级域名跳转

1. if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
2. rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
3. break;
4. }

域名镜向

1. server
2. {
3. listen 80;
4. server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
5. index index.html index.htm index.php;
6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
7. rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
8. access_log off;
9. }

某个子目录作镜向

1. location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
2. rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
3. break;
4. }

discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

1. rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
2. rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
3. rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;

discuz 7 rewrite

1. rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
2. rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
3. rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
4. rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
5. rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
6. rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

给discuz某版块单独配置域名

1. server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
2.  
3. location = / {
4. if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
5. rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
6. break;
7. }
8. }

discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化

1. location ^~ /ucenter {
2. location ~ .*\.php?$
3. {
4. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
5. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
6. fastcgi_index index.php;
7. include fcgi.conf;
8. }
9.  
10. location /ucenter/data/avatar {
11. log_not_found off;
12. access_log off;
13. location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
14. error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
15. }
16. location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
17. error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
18. }
19. location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
20. error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
21. }
22. expires 300;
23. break;
24. }
25. }

jspace rewrite

1. location ~ .*\.php?$
2. {
3. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
4. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
5. fastcgi_index index.php;
6. include fcgi.conf;
7. }
8.  
9. location ~* ^/index.php/
10. {
11. rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
12. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
13. fastcgi_index index.php;
14. include fcgi.conf;
15. }