新概念3 § Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮（总复习）
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw ’a large cat’ only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of ’cat-like noises’ at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆puma n. 美洲狮
◆spot v. 看出，发现
◆evidence n. 证据
◆accumulate v. 积累，积聚
◆oblige v. 使…感到必须
◆hunt n. 追猎；寻找
◆blackberry n. 黑莓
◆human being 人类
◆corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
◆trail n. 一串，一系列
◆print n. 印痕
◆cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘
◆convince v.使…信服
◆somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
◆disturb v. 令人不安
★spot v. 看出，发现
pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of
eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.
He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。
spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。
find 强调发现的结果。
find out 查出事实真相。
discover 做出重大发现
notice 注意到
observe 观察
watch 观察活动中的人或画面
spot n. 斑点
eg: There is a white spot on the shirt.
on the spot
1,立刻，马上（at once, immediately ）
Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
2,at the place of the action 在现场
Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.
★evidence [u]n. 证据
When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.
evidence=proof
in evidence:显而易见的.
He was in evidence at the party.
evidently adv.
evident adj.
★accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚
accumulate 强调积累的过程
As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.
gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处
collect 收集，采集
assemble 集合，集会， vt. 装配
hoard 大量地贮存
The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.
hoard up= store up
amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
★oblige v. 使…感到必须
feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事
be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事
★hunt n. 追猎；寻找
run after 强调追赶、追求.
seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursue
chase 追赶.
hunt for
search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
★corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
corner n. 角落
at the corner of the street
in the corner of the room
on the corner of the desk
be cornered ………被逼得走投无路
常用于被动语态：
The thief was cornered at last.
The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难例了。
★trail n. 一串，一系列
trail==follow vt. 跟踪
eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.
★cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘
eg: She is always clinging to her mother.
He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有)
stick 粘住 stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的
★convince vt. 使…信服
convince sb. of sth 使sb相信sth
和宾语从句that 搭配使用
没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced
sb be convicned sb相信
★somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown
somewhat ==a little
★disturb v. 令人不安
disturbing adj. 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的
surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的
exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的
【课文讲解】
at large
1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。
2：详细的(in detail)
3：总体来讲（as a whole）
在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点
eg: Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.
life-like 栩栩如生的
一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。
同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
定语从句的引导词：
指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose
表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which
时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why
同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which
时间 when; 地点 where
eg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
I have no idea what has happened to him.
定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句
(An idea)…come to sb.某人突然想到了……
take sth. seriously==deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事
take sth. lightly: 草率对待某事
as 随着
过去分词做定语
声称曾经作过某事： claim to have done sth
I still remember the school where I studied English.
confirm: be sure, be certain
search=hunt
把某物留在后面：leave behind
Wherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。
英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者
complain of / about :抱怨
on + 名词：强调动作正在进行
on the rise:在上升
on the increase: 在增加
on the watch: 在观看
on the match:在比赛中
on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中
on holiday: 在度假
fully: completely, entirely
in the possession of sb==in sb’s possession 归某人所有
in possession of sth. 拥有某物
take possession of 拥有
eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me.
I am in possession of the beautiful car.
The person in possession of the big house is excited.
It is disturbing to think that 一想到………就心里不安
eg: It is disturbing to think that I felt my examination.
总结：
at large
take sth. seriously
cling to
leave behind
complain of
in the possession of / in possession of
feel obliged to investigate
a woman picking blackberries
a businessman on a fishing trip
go on several weeks
in the quiet countryside
【Exercises】
A. Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:
1 What are you looking ?
2 Where is your mother going ?
3 Whom has the letter been sent ?
4 This is the house I was born ?
5 What does your decision depend ?
key: 1 at / for 2 to 3 to 4 in 5 on
B. Write these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which.
1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much.
2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed.
3 From whom did you receive a letter?
4 This is the road by which we came.
5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing?
key:
1 He is the man we have heard so much.
2 The shelf you put those books has collapsed.
3 whom did you receive a letter from?
4 This is the road we came by.
5 Where is the pencil you were playing?
注意：3 whom不能省略
定语从句中which以及指代人的做宾语的whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词whom,which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。
以look 为例
look at: 注视
look for: 寻找 介词不能前置
live in: 居住 介词可以前置
eg: This is the old house in which he lived. / This is the old house he lived in
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 P17
1. Experts eventually decided to investigate .
a. because they did not believe that pumas existed in England.
b. because they wanted a puma for the London Zoo.
c. when a woman saw a puma in a small village.
d. because people’s descriptions of the puma had a lot in common.
要求陈述原因：
1． D
in common-similar
2. What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village?
a. The puma had not attacked the woman.
b. The woman had described the animal she had seen as ‘a large cat’.
c. A puma had come very close to a human being.
d. The puma had behaved like a cat.
A 只是一个具体的特定的事例，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意
B large cat 关键性用词
2. B
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
3. What was the problem the experts were unable to solve?
a. How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day.
b. How the puma had escaped from a zoo.
c. Whom the puma had belonged to.
d. How the puma had climbed a tree.
A 文章中未提到
3． C
做理解题时要紧扣主题，紧扣中心大意
文章最后一句话总结了大意：
It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
句型结构题和词汇题是关键
4. The accumulating evidence made the experts the animal was a puma. (lines 4-6)
a. to think b. thinking c. think d. thought
make----make sb. do, be made to do
主动语态中不定式to的符号应该省略
被动语态中不定式to的符号必须补充完整
5 People said the puma.(lines 5-6)
a. to have seen b. to see c. they saw d. they had seen
把say改成claim---People claimed to have seen the puma.
5. D---清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系
6 , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)
a. Observing her b. On being observed c. Having been observed d. On her being observed
与原句中的when意思要一致，when引导的时间状语从句表示一
结构形式和as soon as 相一致的
如果用主动： On observing her, it immediately ran away.
On seeing me, he waved to me.
6．B
7 Pumas never attack a human being except cornered.(lines 9)
a. they are b. being c. that they are d. when they are
原句中unles----if…not / except on the condition that
when=if
except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可以是when / if 引导的从句形式。
7． D
8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal a puma. (lines 13-14)
a. must be b. should have been c. can only be d. could only have been
must be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致
8． D
情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用于情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配。
9 The woman saw ‘a large cat’ five yards away from her.(lines 7-8)
a. at least b. four or c. no more than d. within
no more than = only
within = not more than
9. C
10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be .(line 9)
a. in a corner b. in a trap c. at an angle d. under cover
in a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地
in a trap 表示落于陷阱中
at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的
10． B
11 A businessman on a fishing trip is probably someone who .(line 13)
a. sells fish b. fishes for pleasure c. nets fish d. earns his living as a fisherman
B、fishes for pleasure 钓鱼为了游玩
12 A private collector is a man who collects .(lines 15-16)
a. for his own benefit b. on his own c. in private d. unknown to the public
12． A
on his own = alone
译文：
美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。
搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw ’a large cat’ only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of ’cat-like noises’ at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆puma n. 美洲狮
◆spot v. 看出，发现
◆evidence n. 证据
◆accumulate v. 积累，积聚
◆oblige v. 使…感到必须
◆hunt n. 追猎；寻找
◆blackberry n. 黑莓
◆human being 人类
◆corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
◆trail n. 一串，一系列
◆print n. 印痕
◆cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘
◆convince v.使…信服
◆somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
◆disturb v. 令人不安
★spot v. 看出，发现
pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of
eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.
He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。
spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。
find 强调发现的结果。
find out 查出事实真相。
discover 做出重大发现
notice 注意到
observe 观察
watch 观察活动中的人或画面
spot n. 斑点
eg: There is a white spot on the shirt.
on the spot
1,立刻，马上（at once, immediately ）
Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
2,at the place of the action 在现场
Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.
★evidence [u]n. 证据
When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.
evidence=proof
in evidence:显而易见的.
He was in evidence at the party.
evidently adv.
evident adj.
★accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚
accumulate 强调积累的过程
As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.
gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处
collect 收集，采集
assemble 集合，集会， vt. 装配
hoard 大量地贮存
The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.
hoard up= store up
amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
★oblige v. 使…感到必须
feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事
be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事
★hunt n. 追猎；寻找
run after 强调追赶、追求.
seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursue
chase 追赶.
hunt for
search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
★corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
corner n. 角落
at the corner of the street
in the corner of the room
on the corner of the desk
be cornered ………被逼得走投无路
常用于被动语态：
The thief was cornered at last.
The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难例了。
★trail n. 一串，一系列
trail==follow vt. 跟踪
eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.
★cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘
eg: She is always clinging to her mother.
He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有)
stick 粘住 stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的
★convince vt. 使…信服
convince sb. of sth 使sb相信sth
和宾语从句that 搭配使用
没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced
sb be convicned sb相信
★somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown
somewhat ==a little
★disturb v. 令人不安
disturbing adj. 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的
surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的
exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的
【课文讲解】
at large
1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。
2：详细的(in detail)
3：总体来讲（as a whole）
在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点
eg: Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.
life-like 栩栩如生的
一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。
同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
定语从句的引导词：
指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose
表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which
时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why
同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which
时间 when; 地点 where
eg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
I have no idea what has happened to him.
定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句
(An idea)…come to sb.某人突然想到了……
take sth. seriously==deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事
take sth. lightly: 草率对待某事
as 随着
过去分词做定语
声称曾经作过某事： claim to have done sth
I still remember the school where I studied English.
confirm: be sure, be certain
search=hunt
把某物留在后面：leave behind
Wherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。
英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者
complain of / about :抱怨
on + 名词：强调动作正在进行
on the rise:在上升
on the increase: 在增加
on the watch: 在观看
on the match:在比赛中
on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中
on holiday: 在度假
fully: completely, entirely
in the possession of sb==in sb’s possession 归某人所有
in possession of sth. 拥有某物
take possession of 拥有
eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me.
I am in possession of the beautiful car.
The person in possession of the big house is excited.
It is disturbing to think that 一想到………就心里不安
eg: It is disturbing to think that I felt my examination.
总结：
at large
take sth. seriously
cling to
leave behind
complain of
in the possession of / in possession of
feel obliged to investigate
a woman picking blackberries
a businessman on a fishing trip
go on several weeks
in the quiet countryside
【Exercises】
A. Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:
1 What are you looking ?
2 Where is your mother going ?
3 Whom has the letter been sent ?
4 This is the house I was born ?
5 What does your decision depend ?
key: 1 at / for 2 to 3 to 4 in 5 on
B. Write these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which.
1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much.
2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed.
3 From whom did you receive a letter?
4 This is the road by which we came.
5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing?
key:
1 He is the man we have heard so much.
2 The shelf you put those books has collapsed.
3 whom did you receive a letter from?
4 This is the road we came by.
5 Where is the pencil you were playing?
注意：3 whom不能省略
定语从句中which以及指代人的做宾语的whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词whom,which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。
以look 为例
look at: 注视
look for: 寻找 介词不能前置
live in: 居住 介词可以前置
eg: This is the old house in which he lived. / This is the old house he lived in
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 P17
1. Experts eventually decided to investigate .
a. because they did not believe that pumas existed in England.
b. because they wanted a puma for the London Zoo.
c. when a woman saw a puma in a small village.
d. because people’s descriptions of the puma had a lot in common.
要求陈述原因：
1． D
in common-similar
2. What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village?
a. The puma had not attacked the woman.
b. The woman had described the animal she had seen as ‘a large cat’.
c. A puma had come very close to a human being.
d. The puma had behaved like a cat.
A 只是一个具体的特定的事例，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意
B large cat 关键性用词
2. B
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
3. What was the problem the experts were unable to solve?
a. How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day.
b. How the puma had escaped from a zoo.
c. Whom the puma had belonged to.
d. How the puma had climbed a tree.
A 文章中未提到
3． C
做理解题时要紧扣主题，紧扣中心大意
文章最后一句话总结了大意：
It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
句型结构题和词汇题是关键
4. The accumulating evidence made the experts the animal was a puma. (lines 4-6)
a. to think b. thinking c. think d. thought
make----make sb. do, be made to do
主动语态中不定式to的符号应该省略
被动语态中不定式to的符号必须补充完整
5 People said the puma.(lines 5-6)
a. to have seen b. to see c. they saw d. they had seen
把say改成claim---People claimed to have seen the puma.
5. D---清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系
6 , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)
a. Observing her b. On being observed c. Having been observed d. On her being observed
与原句中的when意思要一致，when引导的时间状语从句表示一
结构形式和as soon as 相一致的
如果用主动： On observing her, it immediately ran away.
On seeing me, he waved to me.
6．B
7 Pumas never attack a human being except cornered.(lines 9)
a. they are b. being c. that they are d. when they are
原句中unles----if…not / except on the condition that
when=if
except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可以是when / if 引导的从句形式。
7． D
8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal a puma. (lines 13-14)
a. must be b. should have been c. can only be d. could only have been
must be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致
8． D
情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用于情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配。
9 The woman saw ‘a large cat’ five yards away from her.(lines 7-8)
a. at least b. four or c. no more than d. within
no more than = only
within = not more than
9. C
10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be .(line 9)
a. in a corner b. in a trap c. at an angle d. under cover
in a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地
in a trap 表示落于陷阱中
at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的
10． B
11 A businessman on a fishing trip is probably someone who .(line 13)
a. sells fish b. fishes for pleasure c. nets fish d. earns his living as a fisherman
B、fishes for pleasure 钓鱼为了游玩
12 A private collector is a man who collects .(lines 15-16)
a. for his own benefit b. on his own c. in private d. unknown to the public
12． A
on his own = alone
译文：
美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。
搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。