java对excel进行操作

使用1

1 . 准备工作

要求:JDK 1.4+POI开发包

可以到 http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/jakarta/poi/ 最新的POI工具包

2 . EXCEL 结构

HSSFWorkbook excell 文档对象介绍
HSSFSheet excell的表单
HSSFRow excell的行
HSSFCell excell的格子单元
HSSFFont excell字体
HSSFName 名称(excel名称管理器的那些名称,可以供给下拉框使用)
HSSFDataFormat 日期格式
在poi1.7中才有以下2项:
HSSFHeader sheet头
HSSFFooter sheet尾
和这个样式
HSSFCellStyle cell样式
辅助操作包括
HSSFDateUtil 日期
HSSFPrintSetup 打印
HSSFErrorConstants 错误信息表

3 .具体用法实例 (采用 usermodel )

如何读Excel

读取Excel文件时,首先生成一个POIFSFileSystem对象,由POIFSFileSystem对象构造一个HSSFWorkbook,该HSSFWorkbook对象就代表了Excel文档。下面代码读取上面生成的Excel文件写入的消息字串:


代码
POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\test.xls"));
HSSFWorkbook  wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
  } catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
  HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0);
  HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) 0);
  String msg = cell.getStringCellValue();
POIFSFileSystem fs=newPOIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\test.xls"));
HSSFWorkbook  wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
  } catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
  HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0);
  HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) 0);
  String msg = cell.getStringCellValue();
如何写excel,

将excel的第一个表单第一行的第一个单元格的值写成“a test”。

代码
POIFSFileSystem fs =new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("workbook.xls"));

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);

HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0);

HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short)0);

cell.setCellValue("a test");

// Write the output to a file

FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

wb.write(fileOut);

fileOut.close();
4 . 可参考文档

POI 主页:http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/

初学者如何快速上手使用POI HSSF

http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/hssf/quick-guide.html

代码例子 http://blog.java-cn.com/user1/6749/archives/2005/18347.html

里面有很多例子代码,可以很方便上手。

POI的中级应该用

1、遍历workbook
代码
// load源文件
POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(filePath));
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
for (int i = 0; i < wb.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) {
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(i);
for (int i = sheet.getFirstRowNum(); i < sheet.getLastRowNum(); i ++) {
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
if (row != null) {
。。。操作}
}
}
// 目标文件
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(objectPath);
//写文件
swb.write(fos);
fos.close();
2、得到列和单元格
代码
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j);
3、设置sheet名称和单元格内容为中文
代码
wb.setSheetName(n, "中文",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
cell.setEncoding((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue("中文");
4、单元格内容未公式或数值,可以这样读写
代码
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cell.getNumericCellValue()

5、设置列宽、行高
代码
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)column,(short)width);
row.setHeight((short)height);

6、添加区域,合并单元格
代码
Region region = new Region((short)rowFrom,(short)columnFrom,(short)rowTo,(short)columnTo);
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);
//得到所有区域
sheet.getNumMergedRegions()
7、常用方法
根据单元格不同属性返回字符串数值
代码
public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) {
String cellValue = "";
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0)
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
break;
default:
break;
}
return cellValue;
}


8、常用单元格边框格式
虚线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED
实线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN
代码
public static HSSFCellStyle getCellStyle(short type)
{
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setBorderBottom(type);//下边框
style.setBorderLeft(type);//左边框
style.setBorderRight(type);//右边框
style.setBorderTop(type);//上边框
return style;
}


9、设置字体和内容位置

代码
HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();
f.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);//字号
f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗
style.setFont(f);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat();
style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式
cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式
style.setRotation(short rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
cell.setCellStyle(style);


10、插入图片
论坛里看到的

代码
//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中,以便产生ByteArray
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg"));
ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut);
//读进一个excel模版
FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt");
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos);
//创建一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255,(short) 0,0,(short)10,10);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
11、设置列自动换行

HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
cellStyle.setWrapText(true);
sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle((short)0, cellStyle);

设置列的宽度

sheet.setColumnWidth((short)0,(short)9000);

sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle((short)0, cellStyle);

sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short)70);冲突

只会换行 不会设置列宽


单元格拷贝示例:

package testpoi;


import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;


import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.Region;

import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;

/**

* 将某SHEET页中的某几行复制到某SHEET页的某几行中。抱括被合并了的单元格。

*/

public class RowCopy {
/**

* @param args

* @throws IOException

* @throws FileNotFoundException

*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(

"d:\\exlsample.xls"));

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);


// source为源sheet 页,target为目标sheet页

copyRows(wb, "source", "target", 5, 6, 20);

FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("d:\\exlsample.xls");

wb.write(fileOut);

fileOut.flush();

fileOut.close();

System.out.println("Operation finished");

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}


/**

* @param wb HSSFWorkbook

* @param pSourceSheetName 源sheet页名称

* @param pTargetSheetName 目标sheet页名称

* @param pStartRow 源sheet页中的起始行

* @param pEndRow 源sheet页中的结束行

* @param pPosition 目标sheet页中的开始行

*/

public static void copyRows(HSSFWorkbook wb, String pSourceSheetName,

String pTargetSheetName, int intStartRow, int intEndRow, int intPosition) {

// EXECL中的行是从1开始的,而POI中是从0开始的,所以这里要减1.

int pStartRow = intStartRow - 1;

int pEndRow = intEndRow - 1;

int pPosition = intPosition - 1;

HSSFRow sourceRow = null;

HSSFRow targetRow = null;

HSSFCell sourceCell = null;

HSSFCell targetCell = null;

HSSFSheet sourceSheet = null;

HSSFSheet targetSheet = null;

Region region = null;

int cType;

int i;

int j;

int targetRowFrom;

int targetRowTo;


if ((pStartRow == -1) || (pEndRow == -1)) {

return;

}

sourceSheet = wb.getSheet(pSourceSheetName);

targetSheet = wb.getSheet(pTargetSheetName);

System.out.println(sourceSheet.getNumMergedRegions());

// 拷贝合并的单元格

for (i = 0; i < sourceSheet.getNumMergedRegions(); i++) {

region = sourceSheet.getMergedRegionAt(i);

if ((region.getRowFrom() >= pStartRow)

&& (region.getRowTo() <= pEndRow)) {

targetRowFrom = region.getRowFrom() - pStartRow + pPosition;

targetRowTo = region.getRowTo() - pStartRow + pPosition;

region.setRowFrom(targetRowFrom);

region.setRowTo(targetRowTo);

targetSheet.addMergedRegion(region);

}

}

// 设置列宽

for (i = pStartRow; i <= pEndRow; i++) {

sourceRow = sourceSheet.getRow(i);

if (sourceRow != null) {

for (j = sourceRow.getLastCellNum(); j > sourceRow

.getFirstCellNum(); j--) {

targetSheet

.setColumnWidth(j, sourceSheet.getColumnWidth(j));

targetSheet.setColumnHidden(j, false);

}

break;

}

}

// 拷贝行并填充数据

for (; i <= pEndRow; i++) {

sourceRow = sourceSheet.getRow(i);

if (sourceRow == null) {

continue;

}

targetRow = targetSheet.createRow(i - pStartRow + pPosition);

targetRow.setHeight(sourceRow.getHeight());

for (j = sourceRow.getFirstCellNum(); j < sourceRow

.getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); j++) {

sourceCell = sourceRow.getCell(j);

if (sourceCell == null) {

continue;

}

targetCell = targetRow.createCell(j);

targetCell.setCellStyle(sourceCell.getCellStyle());

cType = sourceCell.getCellType();

targetCell.setCellType(cType);

switch (cType) {

case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:

targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getBooleanCellValue());

System.out.println("--------TYPE_BOOLEAN:"

+ targetCell.getBooleanCellValue());

break;

case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:

targetCell

.setCellErrorValue(sourceCell.getErrorCellValue());

System.out.println("--------TYPE_ERROR:"

+ targetCell.getErrorCellValue());

break;

case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:

// parseFormula这个函数的用途在后面说明

targetCell.setCellFormula(parseFormula(sourceCell

.getCellFormula()));

System.out.println("--------TYPE_FORMULA:"

+ targetCell.getCellFormula());

break;

case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:

targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getNumericCellValue());

System.out.println("--------TYPE_NUMERIC:"

+ targetCell.getNumericCellValue());

break;

case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:

targetCell

.setCellValue(sourceCell.getRichStringCellValue());

System.out.println("--------TYPE_STRING:" + i

+ targetCell.getRichStringCellValue());

break;

}

}
}
}


/**

* POI对Excel公式的支持是相当好的,但是有一个问题,如果公式里面的函数不带参数,比如now()或today(),

* 那么你通过getCellFormula()取出来的值就是now(ATTR(semiVolatile))和today(ATTR(semiVolatile)),

* 这样的值写入Excel是会出错的,这也是我上面copyRow的函数在写入公式前要调用parseFormula的原因,

* parseFormula这个函数的功能很简单,就是把ATTR(semiVolatile)删掉。

* @param pPOIFormula

* @return

*/

private static String parseFormula(String pPOIFormula) {

final String cstReplaceString = "ATTR(semiVolatile)"; //$NON-NLS-1$

StringBuffer result = null;

int index;


result = new StringBuffer();

index = pPOIFormula.indexOf(cstReplaceString);

if (index >= 0) {

result.append(pPOIFormula.substring(0, index));

result.append(pPOIFormula.substring(index

+ cstReplaceString.length()));

} else {

result.append(pPOIFormula);

}
return result.toString();

}
}

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