数据库架构更新Sql语句编写规范
l 创建数据库表
下例显示 pubs 数据库中所创建的三个表（jobs、employee 和 publishers）的完整表定义，其中包含所有的约束定义。
CREATE TABLE 表名
(
字段名1 数据类型 是否允许为null,
字段名2 数据类型 是否允许为null
)
例如:
CREATE TABLE jobs
(
job_id smallint IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,
job_desc varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'New Position - title not formalized yet',
min_lvl tinyint NOT NULL CHECK (min_lvl >= 10),
max_lvl tinyint NOT NULL CHECK (max_lvl <= 250)
)
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
l 修改数据库表
例如:
ALTER TABLE jobs
(
job_id smallint IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,
job_desc varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'New Position - title not formalized yet',
min_lvl tinyint NOT NULL CHECK (min_lvl >= 10),
max_lvl tinyint NOT NULL CHECK (max_lvl <= 250)
)
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
l 为表增加主键
ALTER TABLE 表名
ADD CONSTRAINT [主键名(默认加”PK_”的前缀)] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED(是否是簇索引)
(
[字段名1],[字段名2],[字段名…]
)
GO
例如:
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[m_p_CheckPrepotency] WITH NOCHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_m_p_CheckPrepotency] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[GUID],
[SequenceNum]
)
GO
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
l 新加字段
ALTER TABLE 表名
ADD 字段名 数据类型 属性
GO
例如:
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
ALTER TABLE skill ADD skill_description CHAR(254) |
l 删除字段
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
ALTER TABLE 表名 DROP 字段名 |
l 创建索引
CREATE INDEX 索引名 ON 表名(字段名1,字段名2,字段名3…)
例如:
CREATE INDEX [IX_m_p_CheckPrepotency] ON [dbo].[m_p_CheckPrepotency]([UnitCoding], [FamilyId], [PersonnelCoding]) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
l 删除索引
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE name = '索引名')
DROP INDEX 表名.索引名
GO
例如:
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE name = 'au_id_ind')
DROP INDEX authors.au_id_ind
GO
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
l 删除视图
IF EXISTS (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = '视图名')
DROP VIEW 视图名
GO
例如:
IF EXISTS (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'titles_view')
DROP VIEW titles_view
GO
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
l 为表的字段添加外键和级联
ALTER TABLE 表名1 ADD
CONSTRAINT [FK_外键名] FOREIGN KEY
(
[字段名]
) REFERENCES 表名2
(
[字段名]
)
ON DELETE CASCADE –级联删除
ON UPDATE CASCADE –级联更新
GO
CONSTRAINT [FK_m_p_CheckPrepotency_o_PrepotencyResult] FOREIGN KEY
(
[CheckPrepotencyResult]
) REFERENCES [dbo].[o_PrepotencyResult] (
[CheckResultId]
) ON UPDATE CASCADE
GO
例如:
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[m_p_CheckPrepotency] ADD
CONSTRAINT [FK_m_p_CheckPrepotency_m_PersonnelInfo] FOREIGN KEY
(
[GUID]
) REFERENCES [dbo].[m_PersonnelInfo] (
[GUID]
) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE ,
CONSTRAINT [FK_m_p_CheckPrepotency_o_PrepotencyResult] FOREIGN KEY
(
[CheckPrepotencyResult]
) REFERENCES [dbo].[o_PrepotencyResult] (
[CheckResultId]
) ON UPDATE CASCADE
GO
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
l 修改列的数据类型/大小/是否允许为NULL
S2K:
SqlAnyWhere:
SqlServer2000 |
ALTER TABLE s_Anchor ALTER COLUMN AnchorName varchar(100) NOT NULL |
SqlAnyWhere |
ALTER TABLE s_Anchor MODIFY AnchorName varchar(100) NOT NULL |
l 修改列名
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
ALTER TABLE skill RENAME skill_type TO classification |
l 修改表名
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
ALTER TABLE skill RENAME qualification |
l 删除列
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
ALTER TABLE skill DROP classification |
l 判断某个表的主键是否存在
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
if (select primary_root from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘BASE’)<>0 如果primary_root不为0说明表中已有主键 |
l 删除表的所有主键
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
ALTER TABLE skill DELETE PRIMARY KEY |
l 增加表主键
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
ALTER TABLE skill ADD PRIMARY KEY ( "skill_id", "skill_type" ) |
l 判断某个表中某个字段是否存在
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
if not exists (select * from syscolumn sc join systable st on sc.table_id = st.table_id where st.table_name = 'm_p_PregnancyInfo' and sc.column_name = 'PunishSequenceNum') |
l 判断某个表是否存在
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
if not exists(select * from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘BASE’) |
l 判断某个视图是否存在
SqlServer2000 |
if not exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where xtype = 'V' and name = 'v_s_Marriage') |
SqlAnyWhere |
if not exists(select * from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘VIEW’) |
l 判断某个全局临时表是否存在
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
if not exists(select * from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘GBL TEMP’) |
l 判断某个触发器是否存在
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
if not exists(select * from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘TR’) |
l 判断某个函数/存储过程是否存在
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
if exists (select * from sysprocedure where proc_name = 'sp_seeaboutServiceCar') |
l 判断某个表的某个字段是否存在
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
if exists (select * from syscolumn where column_name = 'DogID' and table_id = (select table_id from systable where table_name = 's_Users' and table_type = 'BASE')) |
l 为某个表增加一个字段
SqlServer2000 |
|
SqlAnyWhere |
ALTER TABLE s_Users ADD DogID char(32) NULL |