ORACLE学习(三)

oracle 常用函数

-------------------------------字符函数

-------lower小写、upper大写、原本形式
select lower(ename),upper(ename),ename from emp;
-------名字length长度等于5的
select ename from emp where length(ename) = 5;
-------substr截取字符串,从1开始,长度为3
select subStr(ename,1,3) from emp;
------instr(a,b,c,d)函数,a是查找范围,b是要查找的字符串,c是起始位置,d是第几次出现
select ename from emp where instr(ename,'M',1,1)<>0 and instr(ename,'S',1,1)<>0;
-------||为连接字符串的操作符
select upper(substr(ename,1,1))||lower(substr(ename,2,length(ename)-1)) from emp;

select replace(ename,'A','替换') from emp;

-------------------------------数学函数

-------负数取小数点以前位数,正数取小数点后的位数,四舍五入
select round(sal,-3),round(sal,3),sal from emp;
-------负数为截取小数点以前位数,正数为截取小数点后的位数
select trunc(sal,-2),trunc(sal,1),sal from emp;
-------floor向下取整,ceil向上取整
select floor(sal),ceil(sal),sal from emp;
-------mod 取余
select mod(10,2),mod(10,3) from dual; 


------------------------------日期函数

 -------sysdate当前系统时间
select sysdate from dual;
----add_months,添加月数
select * from emp t where sysdate>add_months(t.hiredate,310)
-----查询入职日期是当月倒数第3天的员工
select * from emp t where t.hiredate = last_day(t.hiredate)-2;--每月倒数第三天入职 
-----------------日期类型也可以直接加减
select sysdate - hiredate,ename from emp;


------to_char函数
select ename,to_char(sal,'$99999.99'),to_char(hiredate,'mm')  from emp; 
------系统函数sys_context('userenv','') 第二个参数可以是: db_name,session_user,host,db_name,current_schema
select sys_context('userenv','db_name') from dual;

 

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