java之BerkeleyDB(二)--绑定(Binding)技术、游标(Cursor)

转自:http://blog.csdn.net/ylf13/article/details/15337957

有几个注意的，在BDB数据库里，默认是不能有重复的两个相同的键，当然可以通过config配置sortedDupli...来设置可以，所以在读取数据库值的时候必须考虑两种情况，是否存在相同的键的记录

JE provides two basic mechanisms for the storage and retrieval of database key/data pairs:

• TheDatabase.put()andDatabase.get()methods provide the easiest access for all non-duplicate records in the database. These methods are described in this section.

• Cursors provide several methods for putting and getting database records. Cursors and their database access methods are described inUsing Cursors.

看完上段OK，如果是设置non-duplicate，那就直接用db.get() db.put()来操作记录。否则就得用Cursor了

• Database.put()

• Database.putNoOverwrite()

• Database.putNoDupData()

• Database.get() 这个利用key来找

• Database.getSearchBoth() 这个利用Key和value共同找记录

delete函数：如果记录是支持duplicate，则删除所有满足的key的记录，如果想删除某一条，还是得用cursor

上篇我们简单的打开了数据库和进行简单的存储

这个对于我们存储数据的基本类型还行，但是涉及到用户自定义类的时候，单靠之前的转换函数来从string转换程对象是不妨便的，我们来看看BDB为我们准备来什么？

引自使用手册：

DatabaseEntrycan hold any kind of data from simple Java primitive types to complex Java objects so long as that data can be represented as a Javabytearray. Note that due to performance considerations,you should not use Java serialization to convert a Java object to abytearray. Instead, use the Bind APIs to perform this conversion(seeUsing the BIND APIsfor more information).

看到加粗这段了把，官方推荐我们用Bind

（一）Bind技术

（1）SeriaBinding

先说下序列化的绑定技术，言外之意，我们的数据类型就必须实现Serializable才能进行下面的绑定

Serializing Objects

To store a serializable complex object using the Bind APIs:

1. Implement java.io.Serializable in the class whose instances that you want to store.

2. Open (create) your databases. You need two. The first is the database that you use to store your data. The second is used to store the class information.

3. Instantiate a class catalog. You do this withcom.sleepycat.bind.serial.StoredClassCatalog, and at that time you must provide a handle to an open database that is used to store the class information.

4. Create an entry binding that usescom.sleepycat.bind.serial.SerialBinding.

5. Instantiate an instance of the object that you want to store, and place it in aDatabaseEntryusing the entry binding that you created in the previous step.

其实绑定技术就是用了反射。

没看源码，也没什么好展开的，大家就把方法记着吧，以后再一步步来

由于需要用到Class这个类，所以构造函数多了一个value的Class

这样就可以使得我们自己数据完整的存入了

 importjava.io.File;
 importjava.io.Serializable;
 importjava.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

 importcom.sleepycat.bind.EntryBinding;
 importcom.sleepycat.bind.serial.SerialBinding;
 importcom.sleepycat.bind.serial.StoredClassCatalog;
 importcom.sleepycat.bind.serial.TupleSerialBinding;
 importcom.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBase;
 importcom.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBinding;
 importcom.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleTupleBinding;
 importcom.sleepycat.je.Database;
 importcom.sleepycat.je.DatabaseConfig;
 importcom.sleepycat.je.DatabaseEntry;
 importcom.sleepycat.je.Environment;
 importcom.sleepycat.je.EnvironmentConfig;
 importcom.sleepycat.je.LockMode;
 importcom.sleepycat.je.OperationStatus;


 publicclassMain{

 /**
 *@paramargs
 */
 staticEnvironmentenv=null;

 publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
 BDBUtil<Integer,Student>bDB=newBDBUtil<Integer,Student>("testDB",Student.class);
 Students1=newStudent(1,"ylf");
 Students2=newStudent(2,"dsb");
 Students3=newStudent(3,"dbc");

 bDB.put(1,s1);
 bDB.put(2,s2);
 bDB.put(3,s3);

 Students=bDB.get(3);
 System.out.println("mynameis"+s.getName()+"nois"+s.getNo());

 System.out.println(bDB.size());
 bDB.close();
 }

 }

 /**
 *我们的BDB工具
 *目前对外提供添加数据和取得数据,删除数据3个接口
 *类似HashMap的使用方法
 *注意：
 *这里的K和V两个类都必须实现来Serializable
 *而且也实现来toString
 *使用结束记得调用close()
 *@authorylf
 *
 *版本2：
 *采用动态的数据类型绑定，不是利用我们的toString()来转换对象和Entry
 *用到EntryBinding和StoredClassCatalog
 *以及binding.OnjectToEntry()EntryToObject()
 *
 */
 classBDBUtil<K,V>{
 privateEnvironmentenv=null;
 privateEnvironmentConfigenvCfig=null;
 privateDatabasedb=null;
 privateDatabaseConfigdbCfig=null;

 privateDatabaseclassDB=null;
 privateStoredClassCatalogclassCatalog=null;
 privateEntryBindingvalueBinding=null;

 privateFilefile=null;

 publicBDBUtil(StringdbName,ClassvalueClass){
 envCfig=newEnvironmentConfig();
 envCfig.setAllowCreate(true);
 file=newFile("./test/");
 env=newEnvironment(file,envCfig);
 dbCfig=newDatabaseConfig();
 dbCfig.setAllowCreate(true);
 db=env.openDatabase(null,dbName,dbCfig);

 //首先创建一个我们类的数据库
 classDB=env.openDatabase(null,"classDB",dbCfig);
 //实例化一个Catalog
 classCatalog=newStoredClassCatalog(classDB);
 //实例化一个binding来转换
 valueBinding=newSerialBinding(classCatalog,valueClass);
 }

 publicbooleanput(Kkey,Vvalue){
 DatabaseEntrykeyEntry=newDatabaseEntry(key.toString().getBytes());
 DatabaseEntryvalueEntry=newDatabaseEntry();
 valueBinding.objectToEntry(value,valueEntry);

 db.put(null,keyEntry,valueEntry);
 returntrue;
 }

 publicVget(Kkey){
 DatabaseEntrykeyEntry;
 Vvalue=null;
 try{
 keyEntry=newDatabaseEntry(key.toString().getBytes("gb2312"));
 DatabaseEntryvalueEntry=newDatabaseEntry();
 if(db.get(null,keyEntry,valueEntry,LockMode.DEFAULT)==OperationStatus.SUCCESS){
 value=(V)valueBinding.entryToObject(valueEntry);
 returnvalue;
 }
 }catch(UnsupportedEncodingExceptione){
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 returnvalue;

 }

 publicbooleandel(KkeyStr){
 DatabaseEntrykey;
 try{
 key=newDatabaseEntry(keyStr.toString().getBytes("gb2312"));
 if(OperationStatus.SUCCESS==db.delete(null,key))
 returntrue;
 }catch(UnsupportedEncodingExceptione){
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 returnfalse;
 }

 publiclongsize(){
 returndb.count();
 }

 publicvoidclose(){
 db.close();
 classDB.close();
 env.cleanLog();
 env.close();
 }
 }

 /**
 *序列化了的类
 *实现toString()
 *@authorylf
 *
 */
 classStudentimplementsSerializable{
 /**
 *
 */
 privatestaticfinallongserialVersionUID=7333239714054069867L;
 privateStringname;
 privateintno;

 publicStudent(){
 }
 publicStudent(intno,Stringname){
 this.no=no;
 this.name=name;
 }
 publicStringgetName(){
 returnname;
 }
 publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
 this.name=name;
 }
 publicintgetNo(){
 returnno;
 }
 publicvoidsetNo(intno){
 this.no=no;
 }
 @Override
 publicStringtoString(){
 return"Student"+no+":"+name;
 }

 publicvoidfromString(Stringstr){
 inti=str.indexOf(':');
 StringnoStr=str.substring(7,i);
 this.no=Integer.parseInt(noStr);
 this.name=str.substring(i+1);
 }

 }

 mynameisdbcnois3
 3

（2）自定义绑定

官方还推荐使用custom tuple binding

就是我们实现TupleBinding，实现里面的objectToEntry() EntryToObject()

这里就不需要维护第二个数据库了，有木有又回到远点的赶脚！！

还不如上一篇里直接在类里实现转换

只不过官方推荐的这种是用字节流来存储，省流量，我们类里也可以利用ArrayByteInputStream好像是这个。。。我忘了，就字节流来实现就好了

（二）游标cursor

游标操作类似数据库的游标。

这里通过getNext() getPrev()来实现遍历

同时，cursor还提供了查找和插入数据的功能，我这里就不再一一写出来了，具体用到的时候在设计吧，现在全部封装一遍也不见得很好。。

 interfaceBDBIterator{
 publicObjectcurrentValue();
 publicObjectcurrentKey();
 publicbooleanhasNext();
 publicbooleanhasPrev();
 publicvoidclose();
 }

这里迭代器实现的是BDBUtil的内部类，迭代器的实现大家可以参考Java的迭代器实现方法。

 publicBDBIteratorgetIterator(){
 IteratorImplit=newIteratorImpl();
 returnit;
 }

 /**
 *这个内部类模拟iterator遍历器
 *@authorylf
 *迭代器使用方法
 *首先利用BDBUtil获得迭代器
 *hasNext()如果下一个元素存在，游标下移动，值通过currentKeycurrentValue获取
 *hasPrev()向前移动
 *最后记得close()虽然我这里已经通过null来保证自动close()但不是线程安全的
 *
 */
 classIteratorImplimplementsBDBIterator{
 KcurrentKey=null;
 VcurrentValue=null;
 DatabaseEntrykeyEntry=null;
 DatabaseEntryvalueEntry=null;

 publicIteratorImpl(){
 if(cursor!=null){
 cursor.close();
 cursor=null;
 }
 cursor=db.openCursor(null,null);//这里不配值CursorConfig了
 }

 @Override
 publicvoidclose(){
 cursor.close();
 cursor=null;
 }
 @Override
 publicObjectcurrentKey(){
 returncurrentKey;
 }
 @Override
 publicObjectcurrentValue(){
 returncurrentValue;
 }

 @Override
 publicbooleanhasNext(){
 keyEntry=newDatabaseEntry();
 valueEntry=newDatabaseEntry();
 cursor.getNext(keyEntry,valueEntry,LockMode.DEFAULT);
 returnhas();
 }
 @Override
 publicbooleanhasPrev(){
 keyEntry=newDatabaseEntry();
 valueEntry=newDatabaseEntry();
 cursor.getPrev(keyEntry,valueEntry,LockMode.DEFAULT);
 returnhas();
 }

 publicbooleanhas(){
 if(keyEntry.getData()==null)
 returnfalse;
 try{
 currentKey=(K)newString(keyEntry.getData(),"gb2312");
 currentValue=(V)valueBinding.entryToObject(valueEntry);
 if(currentValue!=null)
 returntrue;
 }catch(UnsupportedEncodingExceptione){
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 returnfalse;
 }

 }

调用方式如下：主要还是这个Iterator迭代器的实现遍历看下吧

 publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
 BDBUtil<Integer,Student>bDB=newBDBUtil<Integer,Student>("testDB",Student.class);
 Students1=newStudent(1,"ylf");
 Students2=newStudent(2,"dsb");
 Students3=newStudent(3,"dbc");

 bDB.put(1,s1);
 bDB.put(2,s2);
 bDB.put(3,s3);

 BDBIteratorit=bDB.getIterator();
 Students=null;
 intno=0;
 while(it.hasNext()){

 s=(Student)it.currentValue();
 no=Integer.parseInt((String)it.currentKey());
 System.out.println("mynameis"+s.getName()+"nois"+s.getNo()+""+no);
 }
 while(it.hasPrev()){

 s=(Student)it.currentValue();
 no=Integer.parseInt((String)it.currentKey());
 System.out.println("mynameis"+s.getName()+"nois"+s.getNo()+""+no);
 }
 it.close();
 BDBIteratorit2=bDB.getIterator();
 while(it2.hasNext()){

 s=(Student)it2.currentValue();
 no=Integer.parseInt((String)it2.currentKey());
 System.out.println("mynameis"+s.getName()+"nois"+s.getNo()+""+no);
 }
 it2.close();

 System.out.println(bDB.size());

 s=bDB.find(2);
 System.out.println("findmynameis"+s.getName());

 bDB.close();
 }