leetcode:Implement Stack using Queues 与 Implement Queue using Stacks

一、Implement Stack using Queues

Implement the following operations of a stack using queues.

  • push(x) -- Push element x onto stack.
  • pop() -- Removes the element on top of the stack.
  • top() -- Get the top element.
  • empty() -- Return whether the stack is empty.

Notes:

    • You must use only standard operations of a queue -- which means only push to backpeek/pop from frontsize, and is empty operations are valid.
    • Depending on your language, queue may not be supported natively. You may simulate a queue by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a queue.
    • You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or top operations will be called on an empty stack).

分析:用(两个)队列实现栈

设置两个队列分别为1和2

(1)入栈:如果队列2当前有元素,而队列1为空(反之亦然),那么将需要入栈的元素放入队列1中,然后将队列2中的元素依次出队并入队到队列1中。(即要保证有一个队列是空的)

(2)出栈:将有元素(不为空)的队列出队即可-------如:

先将元素a插入队列1中 ,现在要将元素b入栈,则将b插入到队列2中然后将队列1中的a出队到队列2中,则队列2中的元素变为 b,a

这样队列1为空,现在要压入c, 则将c插入队列1中 ,依次将队列2中的b ,a出队并加入到队列1中 ,则队列1中的元素变为 c,b,a,而队列2为空

(保证一队列为空)

代码如下:

 【两个队列】

class Stack {  
public:  
    // Push element x onto stack.  
    queue<int> queue1;  
    queue<int> queue2;  
    void push(int x) {  
        if (queue1.empty())  
        {  
            queue1.push(x);  
            while(!queue2.empty()){  
                int tmp = queue2.front();  
                queue2.pop();  
                queue1.push(tmp);  
            }  
        }else{  
            queue2.push(x);  
            while(!queue1.empty()){  
                int tmp = queue1.front();  
                queue1.pop();  
                queue2.push(tmp);  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    // Removes the element on top of the stack.  
    void pop() {  
        if (!queue1.empty())  
            queue1.pop();  
        if (!queue2.empty())  
            queue2.pop();  
    }  
  
    // Get the top element.  
    int top() {  
        if (!queue1.empty())  
            return queue1.front();  
        if (!queue2.empty())  
            return queue2.front();  
    }  
  
    // Return whether the stack is empty.  
    bool empty() {  
        return queue1.empty() && queue2.empty();  
    }  
};

 其他解法:

 【两个队列】用两个队列myStack,temp实现一个栈。push时把新元素添加到myStack的队尾。pop时把myStack中除最后一个元素外逐个添加到myStack中,然后pop掉myStack中的最后一个元素,然后注意记得myStack和temp,以保证我们添加元素时始终向temp中添加。

class Stack {
public:
    // Push element x onto stack.
    void push(int x) {
        myStack.push(x);
    }

    // Removes the element on top of the stack.
    void pop() {
        std::queue<int> temp;
        int len = myStack.size();
        for(int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
            temp.push(myStack.front());
            myStack.pop();
        }
        myStack = temp;
    }

    // Get the top element.
    int top() {
        if(myStack.size() != 0) return myStack.back();
    }

    // Return whether the stack is empty.
    bool empty() {
        if(myStack.size() == 0) return true;
        else return false;
    }
private:
    std::queue<int> myStack;
};

  或:

 【两个队列】

class Stack {
    queue<int> rev_q;
public:
    // Push element x onto stack.
    void push(int x) {
        queue<int> temp_q;
        temp_q.push(x);
        while (!rev_q.empty()) {
            temp_q.push(rev_q.front());
            rev_q.pop();
        }

        rev_q = temp_q;
    }

    // Removes the element on top of the stack.
    void pop() {
        rev_q.pop();
    }

    // Get the top element.
    int top() {
        return rev_q.front();
    }

    // Return whether the stack is empty.
    bool empty() {
        return rev_q.empty();
    }
};

【一个队列】---push时直接添加到队尾就好。pop和top时,把队列除最后一个元素外,逐个循环添加到队列的尾部。

class Stack {
public:
    // Push element x onto stack.
    void push(int x) {
        unsigned int size = s.size();
        this->s.push(x);
        while (size--){
            s.push(s.front());
            s.pop();
            }
    }

    // Removes the element on top of the stack.
    void pop() {
        s.pop();
    }

    // Get the top element.
    int top() {
       return s.front(); 
    }

    // Return whether the stack is empty.
    bool empty() {
        return s.empty();
    }
private:
    queue<int> s;
};

  

 附注:队列queue的成员函数

  • empty()判断队列空,当队列空时,返回true。
  • size()访问队列中的元素个数。
  • push()会将一个元素置入queue中。
  • front()会返回queue内的第一个元素(也就是第一个被置入的元素)。
  • back()会返回queue中最后一个元素(也就是最后被插入的元素)。
  • pop()会从queue中移除一个元素。[1]  
  • 注意:pop()虽然会移除下一个元素,但是并不返回它,front()和back()返回下一个元素但并不移除该元素。

 

二、Implement Queue using Stacks

Implement the following operations of a queue using stacks.

  • push(x) -- Push element x to the back of queue.
  • pop() -- Removes the element from in front of queue.
  • peek() -- Get the front element.
  • empty() -- Return whether the queue is empty.

Notes:

    • You must use only standard operations of a stack -- which means only push to toppeek/pop from topsize, and is empty operations are valid.
    • Depending on your language, stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a stack.
    • You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or peek operations will be called on an empty queue).

 分析:

class Queue {
public:
      stack<int> stack1;
      stack<int> stack2;
    // Push element x to the back of queue.
    void push(int x) {
            stack1.push(x);
    }

    // Removes the element from in front of queue.
    void pop(void) {
        if(!stack2.empty()) stack2.pop();
        else{
        while(!stack1.empty()){
                stack2.push(stack1.top());
                stack1.pop();
            }
           stack2.pop();
        }
    }

    // Get the front element.
    int peek(void) {
        if(!stack2.empty()) return stack2.top();
        else{
        while(!stack1.empty()){
                stack2.push(stack1.top());
                stack1.pop();
            }
          return stack2.top();
        }
    }

    // Return whether the queue is empty.
    bool empty(void) {
        return stack1.empty() && stack2.empty();
    }
};

注:stack2.push(stack1.top())中若写成 stack2.push(stack1.pop())则会出错:invalid use of void expression 

 

或:

class Queue {
public:
stack<int> s1;
stack<int> s2;
// Push element x to the back of queue.
void push(int x) {
    s1.push(x);

}

// Removes the element from in front of queue.
void pop(void) {
    if(s1.empty())
        return;
    while(!s1.empty())  {
        s2.push(s1.top());     
        s1.pop();
    }
    s2.pop();
    while(!s2.empty()) {
        s1.push(s2.top());
        s2.pop();
    }
}

// Get the front element.
int peek(void) {
    if(s1.empty())
        return -1;
     while(!s1.empty())  {
        s2.push(s1.top());
        s1.pop();
    }
    int t = s2.top();
    while(!s2.empty()) {
        s1.push(s2.top());
        s2.pop();
    }
    return t;
}

// Return whether the queue is empty.
bool empty(void) {
    return s1.empty();
}
};

 可参考其他解法:

我们做过一道相反的题目Implement Stack using Queues 用队列来实现栈。这道题颠倒了个顺序,起始并没有太大的区别,栈和队列的核心不同点就是栈是先进后出,而队列是先进先出,那么怎么用栈的先进后出的特性来表示出队列的先进先出呢?方法是:只要在插入元素的时候每次都从前面插入即可,即如果一个队列是1,2,3,4,那么就在栈中保存为4,3,2,1,那么返回栈顶元素1,即为队列的首元素。我们可以设置一个辅助栈tmp,把s的元素也逆着顺序存入tmp中,此时若加入新元素x,再把tmp中的元素倒回来。

代码如下:

class Queue {
public:
    // Push element x to the back of queue.
    void push(int x) {
        stack<int> tmp;
        while (!s.empty()) {
            tmp.push(s.top());
            s.pop();
        }
        s.push(x);
        while (!tmp.empty()) {
            s.push(tmp.top());
            tmp.pop();
        }
    }

    // Removes the element from in front of queue.
    void pop(void) {
        s.pop();
    }

    // Get the front element.
    int peek(void) {
        return s.top();
    }

    // Return whether the queue is empty.
    bool empty(void) {
        return s.empty();
    }

private:
    stack<int> s;
};

  

 

 

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