windows 10 下pip install 报错【PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。】

1、在windows 10 下使用 pip 3 执行

pip install pathos

报错

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 73, in console_to_str
    return s.decode(sys.__stdout__.encoding)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xce in position 68: invalid continuation byte

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 784, in install
    **kwargs
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 878, in install
    spinner=spinner,
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 676, in call_subprocess
    line = console_to_str(proc.stdout.readline())
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 75, in console_to_str
    return s.decode('utf_8')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xce in position 68: invalid continuation byte

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 385, in run
    requirement_set.cleanup_files()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 729, in cleanup_files
    req.remove_temporary_source()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 977, in remove_temporary_source
    rmtree(self.source_dir)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 49, in wrapped_f
    return Retrying(*dargs, **dkw).call(f, *args, **kw)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 212, in call
    raise attempt.get()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 247, in get
    six.reraise(self.value[0], self.value[1], self.value[2])
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\six.py", line 686, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 200, in call
    attempt = Attempt(fn(*args, **kwargs), attempt_number, False)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 102, in rmtree
    οnerrοr=rmtree_errorhandler)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 494, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 393, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 114, in rmtree_errorhandler
    func(path)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。: 'C:\\Users\\CSJUNJ~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-in571x9l\\multiprocess'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 385, in run
    requirement_set.cleanup_files()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\build.py", line 38, in __exit__
    self.cleanup()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\build.py", line 42, in cleanup
    rmtree(self.name)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 49, in wrapped_f
    return Retrying(*dargs, **dkw).call(f, *args, **kw)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 212, in call
    raise attempt.get()
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 247, in get
    six.reraise(self.value[0], self.value[1], self.value[2])
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\six.py", line 686, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 200, in call
    attempt = Attempt(fn(*args, **kwargs), attempt_number, False)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 102, in rmtree
    οnerrοr=rmtree_errorhandler)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 494, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 384, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 393, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 114, in rmtree_errorhandler
    func(path)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。: 'C:\\Users\\CSJUNJ~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-in571x9l\\multiprocess'

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33530388/article/details/68933201后

修改C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py 第75行

将  return s.decode('utf_8')  改为 return s.decode('cp936')

原因：
编码问题，虽然py3统一用utf-8了。但win下的终端显示用的还是gbk编码。

CP936其实就是GBK，IBM在发明Code Page的时候将GBK放在第936页，所以叫CP936。