Nginx + Tomcat实现负载均衡

特此声明:文章参考自https://www.imooc.com/article/34866和https://blog.csdn.net/xlgen157387/article/details/49781487

1. 工具

  • nginx/Windows-1.14.0
  • Apache Tomcat 8.5.33

2. 目标

实现高性能负载均衡的Tomcat集群:

Nginx + Tomcat实现负载均衡_第1张图片

3. 步骤

1. 首先下载Nginx和Tomcat

Nginx下载地址:http://nginx.org/en/download.html

Tomcat下载地址:http://tomcat.apache.org/

2. 然后解压三个Tomcat,分别命名为apache-tomcat-8.5.33-server1、apache-tomcat-8.5.33-server2和apache-tomcat-8.5.33-server3,入下图所示:

Nginx + Tomcat实现负载均衡_第2张图片

3. 然后修改这三个Tomcat的端口,以其中一台为例,打开Tomcat的conf目录下的server.xml,共修改三 处,如下所示:





4. 然后启动这三个Tomcat,并访问,看是否正常

5.然后修改上面三个Tomcat的默认页面,为这三台Tomcat区分一下,如下图所示:

修改后,进行访问,如下如图所示:

6.以上完成后,就可以配置Nginx来实现负载均衡,只需要将Nginx的配置文件nginx.conf给配置好就可以,如下所示(只进行简单的配置,实际生产环境可以进行更为详细的完善配置):

# Nginx全局参数
#user  nobody;   1.  # 运行Nginx的用户的用户组
worker_processes  1; # Nginx启动你那个多个线程,最好跟计算机的CPU核数一致


# 全局的错误日志类型
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

# 进程号的保存文件
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

# Nginx等待事件参数
events {  # 等待事件
    worker_connections  1024; # 每个进程的最大连接数(总连接数 = worker_connections * worker_processes)
}

# Nginx的HTTP参数 
http {
    include       mime.types; # 文件扩展名和文件类型映射表
    default_type  application/octet-stream; # 默认文件类型

    # 日志的格式
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;  # 日志文件
  
    sendfile        on;   # 高效文件传输模式,指定是否调用sendfile函数来传输文件,一般的应用都建议启用
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0; # 长连接超时时间,单位秒
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on; # 是否启用压缩传输
	
	# 服务器的集群
	upstream netitcast.com {
		server 127.0.0.1:18080 weight=1; #服务器配置,weight是权重的意思,权重越大,分配的概率越大
		server 127.0.0.1:18081 weight=2;
		server 127.0.0.1:18082 weight=3;
        # 上面三行是集群的服务器列表,IIS,最终请求会被转发到这里执行
	}

	# 当前的Nginx的配置
    server {
        listen       80; # 端口
        server_name  localhost; # 主机名
        # 如果请求为localhost:80,则交给名称为netitcast.com的Nginx集群来处理
 
        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        #location / {
            #root   html;
            #index  index.html index.htm;
        #}
		
		location / {
			proxy_pass http://netitcast.com; # 要与上面的Nginx的名称保持一致
			proxy_redirect default;
		}

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

到此配置完成,下面演示负载均衡。

7. 首先启动Nginx

8. 然后输入127.0.0.1或localhost

 

 

 

 

 

 

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