python+opencv识别动态物体

注意:这种方法十分受光线变化影响

自己在家拿着手机瞎晃的成果图

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源代码:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Wed Sep 27 15:47:54 2017

@author: tina
"""
import cv2
import numpy as np

camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0) # 参数0表示第一个摄像头
# 判断视频是否打开
if (camera.isOpened()):
    print('Open')
else:
    print('摄像头未打开')

# 测试用,查看视频size
size = (int(camera.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH)),
        int(camera.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT)))
print('size:'+repr(size))

es = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (9, 4))
kernel = np.ones((5, 5), np.uint8)
background = None

while True:
    # 读取视频流
    grabbed, frame_lwpCV = camera.read()
    # 对帧进行预处理,先转灰度图,再进行高斯滤波。
    # 用高斯滤波进行模糊处理,进行处理的原因:每个输入的视频都会因自然震动、光照变化或者摄像头本身等原因而产生噪声。对噪声进行平滑是为了避免在运动和跟踪时将其检测出来。
    gray_lwpCV = cv2.cvtColor(frame_lwpCV, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    gray_lwpCV = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray_lwpCV, (21, 21), 0)

    # 将第一帧设置为整个输入的背景
    if background is None:
        background = gray_lwpCV
        continue
    # 对于每个从背景之后读取的帧都会计算其与北京之间的差异,并得到一个差分图(different map)。
    # 还需要应用阈值来得到一幅黑白图像,并通过下面代码来膨胀(dilate)图像,从而对孔(hole)和缺陷(imperfection)进行归一化处理
    diff = cv2.absdiff(background, gray_lwpCV)
    diff = cv2.threshold(diff, 148, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)[1] # 二值化阈值处理
    diff = cv2.dilate(diff, es, iterations=2) # 形态学膨胀
    # 显示矩形框
    image, contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(diff.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE) # 该函数计算一幅图像中目标的轮廓
    for c in contours:
        if cv2.contourArea(c) < 1500: # 对于矩形区域,只显示大于给定阈值的轮廓,所以一些微小的变化不会显示。对于光照不变和噪声低的摄像头可不设定轮廓最小尺寸的阈值
            continue
        (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c) # 该函数计算矩形的边界框
        cv2.rectangle(frame_lwpCV, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (0, 255, 0), 2)

    cv2.imshow('contours', frame_lwpCV)
    cv2.imshow('dis', diff)

    key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
    # 按'q'健退出循环
    if key == ord('q'):
        break
# When everything done, release the capture
camera.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()


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