双指针主要用于遍历数组,两个指针指向不同的元素,从而协同完成任务。
Leetcode :167. Two Sum II - Input array is sorted (Easy)
Input: numbers={2, 7, 11, 15}, target=9
Output: index1=1, index2=2
题目描述:在有序数组中找出两个数,使它们的和为 target。
使用双指针,一个指针指向值较小的元素,一个指针指向值较大的元素。指向较小元素的指针从头向尾遍历,指向较大元素的指针从尾向头遍历。
public int[] twoSum(int[] numbers, int target) {
int i = 0, j = numbers.length - 1;
while (i < j) {
int sum = numbers[i] + numbers[j];
if (sum == target) {
return new int[]{i + 1, j + 1};
} else if (sum < target) {
i++;
} else {
j--;
}
}
return null;
}
function twoSum(num, target) {
var i = 0,
j = num.length - 1,
sum = 0;
while (i < j) {
sum = num[i] + num[j];
if (sum == target) {
return [num[i], num[j]];
} else if (sum > target) {
j--;
} else {
i++;
}
}
return null;
}
633. Sum of Square Numbers (Easy)
Input: 5
Output: True
Explanation: 1 * 1 + 2 * 2 = 5
题目描述:判断一个数是否为两个数的平方和。
public boolean judgeSquareSum(int c) {
int i = 0, j = (int) Math.sqrt(c);
while (i <= j) {
int powSum = i * i + j * j;
if (powSum == c) {
return true;
} else if (powSum > c) {
j--;
} else {
i++;
}
}
return false;
}
function judgeSquareSum(c) {
var i = 0,
j = Math.floor(Math.sqrt(c)),
powerSum = 0;
while (i < j) {
powerSum = i * i + j * j;
if (powerSum == c) {
return true;
} else if (powerSum > c) {
j--;
} else {
i++;
}
}
return false;
}
345. Reverse Vowels of a String (Easy)
Given s = "leetcode", return "leotcede".
使用双指针指向待反转的两个元音字符,一个指针从头向尾遍历,一个指针从尾到头遍历。
private final static HashSet<Character> vowels = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U'));
public String reverseVowels(String s) {
int i = 0, j = s.length() - 1;
char[] result = new char[s.length()];
while (i <= j) {
char ci = s.charAt(i);
char cj = s.charAt(j);
if (!vowels.contains(ci)) {
result[i++] = ci;
} else if (!vowels.contains(cj)) {
result[j--] = cj;
} else {
result[i++] = cj;
result[j--] = ci;
}
}
return new String(result);
}
//法一
function reverseVowels(str) {
var vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U'],
i = 0,
j = str.length - 1,
num = str.split('');
while (i <= j) {
if (vowels.includes(str.charAt(i))) {
if (vowels.includes(num[j])) {
var temp = num[j];
num[j] = num[i];
num[i] = temp;
i++;
j--;
} else {
j--;
}
} else {
i++;
}
}
return num.join('');
}
//法二
function reverseVowels(str) {
var vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U'],
nums = [],
i = 0,
j = str.length - 1;
while (i <= j) {
if (vowels.includes(str.charAt(i))) {
if (vowels.includes(str.charAt(j))) {
nums[i] = str.charAt(j);
nums[j] = str.charAt(i);
i++;
j--
} else {
nums[j] = str.charAt(j);
j--;
}
} else {
nums[i] = str.charAt(i);
i++;
}
}
return nums.join('');
}
680. Valid Palindrome II (Easy)
Input: "abca"
Output: True
Explanation: You could delete the character 'c'.
题目描述:可以删除一个字符,判断是否能构成回文字符串。
public boolean validPalindrome(String s) {
int i = -1, j = s.length();
while (++i < --j) {
if (s.charAt(i) != s.charAt(j)) {
return isPalindrome(s, i, j - 1) || isPalindrome(s, i + 1, j);
}
}
return true;
}
private boolean isPalindrome(String s, int i, int j) {
while (i < j) {
if (s.charAt(i++) != s.charAt(j--)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
function validPalindrome(str) {
var i = -1,
j = str.length;
while (++i < --j) {
if (str.charAt(i) != str.charAt(j)) {
return isPalindrome(str, i, j - 1) || isPalindrome(str, i + 1, j);
}
}
return true;
}
function isPalindrome(s, i, j) {
while (i < j) {
if (s.charAt(i++) != s.charAt(j--)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
88. Merge Sorted Array (Easy)
Input:
nums1 = [1,2,3,0,0,0], m = 3
nums2 = [2,5,6], n = 3
Output: [1,2,2,3,5,6]
题目描述:把归并结果存到第一个数组上。
需要从尾开始遍历,否则在 nums1 上归并得到的值会覆盖还未进行归并比较的值。
public void merge(int[] nums1, int m, int[] nums2, int n) {
int index1 = m - 1, index2 = n - 1;
int indexMerge = m + n - 1;
while (index1 >= 0 || index2 >= 0) {
if (index1 < 0) {
nums1[indexMerge--] = nums2[index2--];
} else if (index2 < 0) {
nums1[indexMerge--] = nums1[index1--];
} else if (nums1[index1] > nums2[index2]) {
nums1[indexMerge--] = nums1[index1--];
} else {
nums1[indexMerge--] = nums2[index2--];
}
}
}
function merge(nums1, m, nums2, n) {
var index1 = m - 1,
index2 = n - 1,
mergeIndex = m + n - 1;
while (index1 >= 0 || index2 >= 0) {
if (index1 < 0) {
nums1[mergeIndex--] = nums2[index2--];
} else if (index2 < 0) {
nums1[mergeIndex--] = nums1[index1--];
} else if (nums1[index1] < nums2[index2]) {
nums1[mergeIndex--] = nums2[index2--];
} else {
nums1[mergeIndex--] = nums1[index1--];
}
}
return nums1;
}
141. Linked List Cycle (Easy)
使用双指针,一个指针每次移动一个节点,一个指针每次移动两个节点,如果存在环,那么这两个指针一定会相遇。
public boolean hasCycle(ListNode head) {
if (head == null) {
return false;
}
ListNode l1 = head, l2 = head.next;
while (l1 != null && l2 != null && l2.next != null) {
if (l1 == l2) {
return true;
}
l1 = l1.next;
l2 = l2.next.next;
}
return false;
}
function hasCycle(head) {
if(head == null) {
return false;
}
l1 = head;
l2 = head.next;
while(l1 != null && l2 != null && l2.next!= null) {
if(l1 == l2) {
return true;
}
l1 = l1.next;
l2 = l2.next.next;
}
return false;
}
524. Longest Word in Dictionary through Deleting (Medium)
Input:
s = "abpcplea", d = ["ale","apple","monkey","plea"]
Output:
"apple"
题目描述:删除 s 中的一些字符,使得它构成字符串列表 d 中的一个字符串,找出能构成的最长字符串。如果有多个相同长度的结果,返回字典序的最小字符串。
public String findLongestWord(String s, List<String> d) {
String longestWord = "";
for (String target : d) {
int l1 = longestWord.length(), l2 = target.length();
if (l1 > l2 || (l1 == l2 && longestWord.compareTo(target) < 0)) {
continue;
}
if (isValid(s, target)) {
longestWord = target;
}
}
return longestWord;
}
private boolean isValid(String s, String target) {
int i = 0, j = 0;
while (i < s.length() && j < target.length()) {
if (s.charAt(i) == target.charAt(j)) {
j++;
}
i++;
}
return j == target.length();
}
function isValid(s, target) {
var i = 0,
j = 0;
while (i < s.length && j < target.length) {
if (s.charAt(i) === target.charAt(j)) {
j++;
} else {
i++;
}
}
if (j == target.length) {
return true;
}
}
function findLongestWord(s, str) {
var l1 = 0,
l2 = 0,
longestWord = '';
for (var target of str) {
l1 = longestWord.length;
l2 = target.length;
if (l1 > l2 || (l1 == l2 && longestWord !== target)) {
continue;
}
if (isValid(s, target)) {
longestWord = target;
}
}
return longestWord;
}