> x=rnorm(200)
> hist(x,col="light blue")
> x=rnorm(20000)
> hist(x,col="light blue")
> x=rnorm(200)
> rug(x)
> stem(x)
The decimal point is at the |
-2 | 8866
-2 | 10
-1 | 98777775
-1 | 44333332222211110000
-0 | 999988888888776666665555555
-0 | 44444444333332222221111111111000
0 | 00011111111111222222222223333344444444
0 | 55555556666667777777777888888888999999
1 | 00001111222223444
1 | 55667788
2 | 022333
> x<-rnorm(500)
> y<-x+rnorm(500)
> hist(x,col="light blue")
> hist(y,col="light blue")
> plot(y~x)
> a=lm(y~x)
> abline(a,col="red")
> print("Hello World!")
[1] "Hello World!"
> paste("x 的最小值=",min(x))
[1] "x 的最小值= -2.75149727047145"
> demo(graphics)
demo(graphics)
Type <Return> to start :
> # Copyright (C) 1997-2009 The R Core Team
>
> require(datasets)
> require(grDevices); require(graphics)
> ## Here is some code which illustrates some of the differences between
> ## R and S graphics capabilities. Note that colors are generally specified
> ## by a character string name (taken from the X11 rgb.txt file) and that line
> ## textures are given similarly. The parameter "bg" sets the background
> ## parameter for the plot and there is also an "fg" parameter which sets
> ## the foreground color.
>
>
> x <- stats::rnorm(50)
> opar <- par(bg = "white")
> plot(x, ann = FALSE, type = "n")
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> abline(h = 0, col = gray(.90))
> lines(x, col = "green4", lty = "dotted")
> points(x, bg = "limegreen", pch = 21)
> title(main = "Simple Use of Color In a Plot",
+ xlab = "Just a Whisper of a Label",
+ col.main = "blue", col.lab = gray(.8),
+ cex.main = 1.2, cex.lab = 1.0, font.main = 4, font.lab = 3)
> ## A little color wheel. This code just plots equally spaced hues in
> ## a pie chart. If you have a cheap SVGA monitor (like me) you will
> ## probably find that numerically equispaced does not mean visually
> ## equispaced. On my display at home, these colors tend to cluster at
> ## the RGB primaries. On the other hand on the SGI Indy at work the
> ## effect is near perfect.
>
> par(bg = "gray")
> pie(rep(1,24), col = rainbow(24), radius = 0.9)
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> title(main = "A Sample Color Wheel", cex.main = 1.4, font.main = 3)
> title(xlab = "(Use this as a test of monitor linearity)",
+ cex.lab = 0.8, font.lab = 3)
> ## We have already confessed to having these. This is just showing off X11
> ## color names (and the example (from the postscript manual) is pretty "cute".
>
> pie.sales <- c(0.12, 0.3, 0.26, 0.16, 0.04, 0.12)
> names(pie.sales) <- c("Blueberry", "Cherry",
+ "Apple", "Boston Cream", "Other", "Vanilla Cream")
> pie(pie.sales,
+ col = c("purple","violetred1","green3","cornsilk","cyan","white"))
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> title(main = "January Pie Sales", cex.main = 1.8, font.main = 1)
> title(xlab = "(Don't try this at home kids)", cex.lab = 0.8, font.lab = 3)
> ## Boxplots: I couldn't resist the capability for filling the "box".
> ## The use of color seems like a useful addition, it focuses attention
> ## on the central bulk of the data.
>
> par(bg="cornsilk")
> n <- 10
> g <- gl(n, 100, n*100)
> x <- rnorm(n*100) + sqrt(as.numeric(g))
> boxplot(split(x,g), col="lavender", notch=TRUE)
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> title(main="Notched Boxplots", xlab="Group", font.main=4, font.lab=1)
> ## An example showing how to fill between curves.
>
> par(bg="white")
> n <- 100
> x <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
> y <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n)))
> xx <- c(0:n, n:0)
> yy <- c(x, rev(y))
> plot(xx, yy, type="n", xlab="Time", ylab="Distance")
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> polygon(xx, yy, col="gray")
> title("Distance Between Brownian Motions")
> ## Colored plot margins, axis labels and titles. You do need to be
> ## careful with these kinds of effects. It's easy to go completely
> ## over the top and you can end up with your lunch all over the keyboard.
> ## On the other hand, my market research clients love it.
>
> x <- c(0.00, 0.40, 0.86, 0.85, 0.69, 0.48, 0.54, 1.09, 1.11, 1.73, 2.05, 2.02)
> par(bg="lightgray")
> plot(x, type="n", axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE)
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> usr <- par("usr")
> rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="cornsilk", border="black")
> lines(x, col="blue")
> points(x, pch=21, bg="lightcyan", cex=1.25)
> axis(2, col.axis="blue", las=1)
> axis(1, at=1:12, lab=month.abb, col.axis="blue")
> box()
> title(main= "The Level of Interest in R", font.main=4, col.main="red")
> title(xlab= "1996", col.lab="red")
> ## A filled histogram, showing how to change the font used for the
> ## main title without changing the other annotation.
>
> par(bg="cornsilk")
> x <- rnorm(1000)
> hist(x, xlim=range(-4, 4, x), col="lavender", main="")
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> title(main="1000 Normal Random Variates", font.main=3)
> ## A scatterplot matrix
> ## The good old Iris data (yet again)
>
> pairs(iris[1:4], main="Edgar Anderson's Iris Data", font.main=4, pch=19)
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> pairs(iris[1:4], main="Edgar Anderson's Iris Data", pch=21,
+ bg = c("red", "green3", "blue")[unclass(iris$Species)])
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> ## Contour plotting
> ## This produces a topographic map of one of Auckland's many volcanic "peaks".
>
> x <- 10*1:nrow(volcano)
> y <- 10*1:ncol(volcano)
> lev <- pretty(range(volcano), 10)
> par(bg = "lightcyan")
> pin <- par("pin")
> xdelta <- diff(range(x))
> ydelta <- diff(range(y))
> xscale <- pin[1]/xdelta
> yscale <- pin[2]/ydelta
> scale <- min(xscale, yscale)
> xadd <- 0.5*(pin[1]/scale - xdelta)
> yadd <- 0.5*(pin[2]/scale - ydelta)
> plot(numeric(0), numeric(0),
+ xlim = range(x)+c(-1,1)*xadd, ylim = range(y)+c(-1,1)*yadd,
+ type = "n", ann = FALSE)
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> usr <- par("usr")
> rect(usr[1], usr[3], usr[2], usr[4], col="green3")
> contour(x, y, volcano, levels = lev, col="yellow", lty="solid", add=TRUE)
> box()
> title("A Topographic Map of Maunga Whau", font= 4)
> title(xlab = "Meters North", ylab = "Meters West", font= 3)
> mtext("10 Meter Contour Spacing", side=3, line=0.35, outer=FALSE,
+ at = mean(par("usr")[1:2]), cex=0.7, font=3)
> ## Conditioning plots
>
> par(bg="cornsilk")
> coplot(lat ~ long | depth, data = quakes, pch = 21, bg = "green3")
Hit <Return> to see next plot:
> par(opar)
>
>
>
