python安装MySQLdb模块及排错

前言

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本文使用的源码安装及其排错，下列为其他几种安装方式。

yum安装：
yum install MySQL-python -y

pip安装：
pip install python-mysql

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Python安装MySQLdb模块

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【1】官网下载合适的版本

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https://pypi.org/project/MySQL-python/

或

wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a5/e9/51b544da85a36a68debe7a7091f068d802fc515a3a202652828c73453cad/MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip   

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【2】解压及安装

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安装依赖包：
yum -y install rpm-build gcc-c++ mysql-devel python-devel

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unzip MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip
cd MySQL-python-1.2.5

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find / -name mysql_config

vim site.cfg(取消mysql_config前的注释，并配置为你实际的数据库该文件所在位置）

[options]
# embedded: link against the embedded server library
# threadsafe: use the threadsafe client
# static: link against a static library (probably required for embedded)

embedded = False
threadsafe = True
static = False

# The path to mysql_config.
# Only use this if mysql_config is not on your PATH, or you have some weird
# setup that requires it.
#mysql_config = /usr/local/bin/mysql_config
mysql_config = /app/mysql/bin/mysql_config

# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1972259/mysql-python-install-problem-using-virtualenv-windows-pip
# Windows connector libs for MySQL. You need a 32-bit connector for your 32-bit Python build.
connector = C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Connector C 6.0.2

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python setup.py build

python setup.py install

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【3】验证

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python中输入import MySQLdb，无报错即为成功

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安装过程中的报错及解决

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【1】ImportError: libmysqlclient.so.xx

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原因：系统找不到名为libmysqlclient.so.xx的库文件

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解决方法：

<1>删除生成的build目录

cd MySQL-python-1.2.5
rm -rf build

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<2>查找libmysqlclient.so.xx文件的位置

find / -name libmysqlclient.so.xx

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<3>将文件发送到默认lib库位置处，可以做个软链接

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.xx /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.xx

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<4> /etc/ld.so.conf添加库的位置

include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
/usr/lib/
/usr/local/lib/
/usr/local/mysql/lib/

重新加载配置：
ldconfig

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【2】ImportError: /root/.python-eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.5-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg-tmp/_mysql.so: undefined symbol: __cxa_pure_virtual

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原因：在编译的时候没有成功加载zlib，更换编译器gcc 为g++

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解决方法：

<1>删除生成的build目录

cd MySQL-python-1.2.5
rm -rf build

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<2>执行build

python setup.py build

复制显示的最后一行：

gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -L/shang1/test/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient_r -lpthread -lz -lm -lrt -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.so

<3>更换gcc为g++后执行

g++ -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -L/shang1/test/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient_r -lpthread -lz -lm -lrt -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.so

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<4>无报错后，执行install

 python setup.py install

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【3】UserWarning: Module _mysql was already imported from…

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原因：你是在解压后的源码包的位置执行的import，模块重复导致报错。

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解决方法：
切换的目录执行import即可。